• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.4 s.44
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• pp.443-455
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to verify the theoretical model on the clothing satisfaction. Research problems are as following; 1. To identify a causal model on the clothing satisfaction. 2. To examine the causal model by the brand levels. 3. To examine the causal model by the consumer characteristics. The empirical study of the above research problems is carried out by the longitudinal survey. The subjects selected for the final analysis are 362 women living in Seoul and Pusan. The results of our analysis are as following; 1. The main causal course of the clothing satisfaction is that the brand level and the consumer expectation $\rightarrow$ the expectation $\rightarrow$ the perceived performance ($\rightarrow$ the disconfirmation) $\rightarrow$ the clothing satisfaction. Those relevant variables explain $70\%$ of the clothing satisfac-tion variance. Especially, the influence of the perceived performance appears to be greater than that of the disconfirmation. 2. According to our analysis, the expectation influences the clothing satisfaction indirectly through the perceived performance. Especially, the normative expectation exhibits the contrast effect on the disconfirmation, while the predictive expectation exhibits the assimilation effect on the perceived performance. 3. The clothing satisfaction model differs by the brand levels (high price brand vs. moderate price brand) and by the consumer involvement levels (high involvement vs. low involvement). The relevant variables explain $65\%$ of the clothing satisfaction variance in the high price brand, while they explain $77\%$ in the moderate price brand. In the high involvement group, the relevant variables explain $78\%$ of the clothing satisfaction variance and $60\%$ in the low involvement group. In both involvement groups, the most critical direct variable is the perceived perfor-mance. In conclusion, we find that the clothing satisfaction can be explained by three constructs, the expectation, the perceived performance and the disconfirmation. The hypothesis that the two dimensions of the expectation explain the clothing satisfaction better is empirically supported in our study. Finally, we find that the clothing satisfaction models differ between two brand levels and consumer involvement levels.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

A cross-cultural study was carried out in Germany and in South Korea in order to investigate the relationship between brand personality and product personality facilitating the three dimensions of personality agreeableness, excitement, and extroversion. Two pairs of shoes were prepared across categories of product function symbolic (a pair of high-heeled shoes) versus utilitarian (a pair of sport shoes). In experiments, each pair of shoes was labeled as a luxury brand ("Versace") or a casual brand ("C&A", Germany; "Migliore", South Korea) or left unlabeled. Prior to the experiments, an expert group in each country evaluated the brand personality in terms of "cheerful" (agreeableness), "honest"(conscientiousness), and "provocative" (extroversion) and the results were considered as a baseline. In Experiment I and II, subjects were exposed to two pairs of shoes labeled in one of the three ways and assessed the personality of both pairs of shoes using the personality traits, cheerful, honest, and provocative. Identical versions of the experiment were conveyed in Germany (N=56), an individualist culture, and in South Korea (N=72), a collectivist culture, and we purposed to find cultural differences in evaluating product personalities influenced by brands. The empirical results do not show any significant influence of brand personality on product personality in either cultural group (p>.05). Nevertheless, the subjects estimated the retail price of the shoes to be significantly different depending on the brands in both cultural groups (p<.001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic materials to complement the 'time series table serving' by analyzing external color elements. We selected traditional Korean restaurants in two five-star hotels and two famous traditional Korean style restaurants and analyzed their colors and the coloration of the Korean table settings. The results are as follows. By using strong luminosity contrast, restaurant A made its customer focus on the food and used red as the principal point (highlighted) color. Desserts, which have small dimensions, were served in 'Buncheong' ware with 'bakji' method, which has strong contrast; this broke the color balance. The use of small patterned dishes with 'johwa' method would achieve color harmony. Restaurant B used a stronger color for the tables than the foods, making the point color inconspicuous. Lowering the brightness and saturation of the table color would be beneficial. In restaurant C, thick green napkins provided the point color, making the atmosphere of the restaurant dull and dark and interfering with the overall bright atmosphere of the restaurant. Using lower saturation, high luminosity, and yellowish colors would bring harmony to the overall atmosphere. In restaurant D, the point colors were divided into three groups; their diversification during the entire course of the meal made the flow of the meal more natural. However, the use of the violet color, which gives a cold feeling, in the middle of the meal courses broke the overall flow of warm color in the meal. Considering the already-present contrast between red and green, it would be better not to use the violet chrysanthemum in the course of the meal. As mentioned above, there are several issues in terms of the color arrangement, the usage of table pads, and the natural flow of colors. Those issues indicate the necessity for an overall plan for the banquet table set-up in terms of color.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Recently researchers are conducting a lot of research related to EEDI in order to satisfy IMO resolution MEPC. Especially they are interested in design of energy saving device. This paper is to design the asymmetric pre-swirl stator for 160K LNG carrier in order to reduce energy. Two types of the asymmetric pre-swirl stator are taken into account; constant and variable pitch angle stators. “constant” and “variable” mean state that the pitch of stators change by radius. The dimensions of the stators are initially determined using potential-flow code. The propulsion performances of the stators are predicted using viscous-flow code. The model test is carried out in towing tank in PNU. Prediction of ship performance generally follow ITTC recommended. Ship wake prediction was done by two method, ITTC 1978 and ITTC 1999. Therefore propulsion performances were compared ITTC 1978 with ITTC 1999 methods. Comparison components are delivered power and thrust deduction coefficient of the model. Final pre-swirl stator is selected by comparing experiment and CFD.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of the study was to survey satisfaction with physical therapy. Methods: After the physical therapy consultation, patients filled in a Korean-language version of the 20-tiem version of the MedRisk Instrument developed for measuring Patient Satisfaction with physical therapy. Items are scored on a five-point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The last two items are general satisfaction and future return to the clinic. Age and gender information was also collected anonymously. Exploratory factor analysis based on principal components analysis with varimax rotation was performed on the first 18 items of the MedRisk Instrument using SPSS v.20. Results: Four factors emerged with eigenvalues greater than 1, and these cumulatively explained 55% of the total variance in item scores. The factors were labelled: Internal, External Positives, External Negatives, and Clinic Presentation. Correlations of the factor scores with the two global items ranged from 0.29 to 0.70 (both p<0.001). Gender differences were only found on the last factor, with male Korean patients rating Clinic Presentation significantly higher than females (p=0.001). Conclusion: Using factor analysis, the proposed factor structure was revealed using the positive and negative components of the external aspects of the physical therapy and by identifying a clinic presentation which contributes to patients' satisfaction. The largest proportion of the variance in Patient Satisfaction was related to clinicians' attention and behaviour. The results of the analysis provide guidelines as to the dimensions of professional physical therapy care and the implications for service delivery and patient experience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Major issues in water supply service have changed from expansion of service area to improvement of service quality, i.e., water quality and safety, and early response to emergency situation. This change in the service concept triggers the perceptions of limitation with the current centralized water supply system and of necessities of decentralized (distributed) water supply system (DWSS), which can make up the limitations. DWSS can reduce the possibility of water supply outage by establishing multiple barriers such as emergency water supply system, and secure better water quality by locating treatment facilities neighboring consumers. On the other hand, fluctuation of water demand will be increased due to the reduced supply area, which makes difficult to promptly respond the fluctuating demand. In order to supplement this, hybrid water supply system was proposed, which combined DWSS with conventional water supply system using distributing reservoir to secure the stability of water supply. The Optimal connection point of DWSS to existing water supply network in urban area was determined by simulating a supply network using EPANET. Optimal location of decentralized water treatment plant (or connection point) is a nodal point where changes in pressure at other nodal points can be minimized. At the same time, the optimal point should be selected to minimize hydraulic retention time in supply network (water age) to secure proper water quality. In order to locate the point where these two criteria are satisfied optimally, Distance measure method, one of multi-criteria decision making was employed to integrate the two results having different dimensions. This methodology can be used as an efficient decision-support criterion for the location of treatment plant in decentralized water supply system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the types and the colors of men's casual wear, hairstyles, and the methods of stimulus manufacture on men's image perception. The subjects were 360 women from the metropolitan area of Seoul. The clothing types used for the study were a sweater and a jumper(casual jacket) with jean pants. The clothing colors were beige, indigo, and red. Two hairstyles, the short and the medium length hairs, were compared. Two types of stimuli, the photograph and the computer simulation picture, were used. The results of the factor analysis disclosed five dimensions on men's image: neatness, individuality, ability, activity, and sociability. In general, the photograph stimuli were evaluated more positively in activity, individuality, and sociability than the picture stimuli. The sweaters were perceived higher in ability, activity, and sociability than the jumpers. The Indigo color was evaluated as neat. The medium length hairstyles were perceived as neat and the short hairstyles were perceived as sociable. The jumpers were evaluated lower in individuality in the picture stimuli than in the photograph stimuli. The beige and indigo colors were evaluated to be neater in the picture stimuli than in the photograph. When using the picture stimuli, the men's image wearing the sweaters with the medium length hairstyles were evaluated lower in individuality. When using the photograph stimuli, the men's image wearing the sweater with the short hairstyles were evaluated higher in activity. Men's image wearing the indigo jumper and the beige sweater with medium length hairs were evaluated as high in neatness.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.405-409
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• 2007

There exist 5 wells drilled at the Yecheon hot spring area, the distance between the wells is about $159m{\sim}702.6m$. The safe yield of each well is controlled by interference drawdown between a pumping well and an observation well after pumping test. The well No. 2 and the well No. 5 are the closest, at the distance of 159 m; therefore interference drawdown between two wells was occurred considerably. The drawdown of the well No. 2 (an observation well) was 16.67 m; the drawdown of the well No. 5 (a pumping well) was 17.21 m. The degree of the interference is about 97% and the safe yield decreased from $750m^3/day\;to\;24m^3/day$. Significant interference between two wells is due to the fact that the aquifer has 1.5 dimensions.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study aimed to investigate the potential clinical application of digitized silicone rubber impressions by comparing the accuracy of zirconia 3-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated from 2 types of data (working model and impression) obtained from a laser scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten working models and impressions were prepared with epoxy resin and vinyl polysiloxane, respectively. Based on the data obtained from the laser scanner (D-700; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), a total of 20 zirconia frameworks were prepared using a dental CAD/CAM system (DentalDesigner; 3shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark / Ener-mill, Dentaim, Seoul, Korea). The silicone replicas were sectioned into four pieces to evaluate the framework fit. The replicas were imaged using a digital microscope, and the fit of the reference points (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7) were measured using the program in the device. Measured discrepancies were divided into 5 categories of gaps (MG, CG, AWG, AOTG, OG). Data were analyzed with Student's t-test ($\alpha$=0.05), repeated measures ANOVA and two-way ANOVA (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. The mean gap of the zirconia framework prepared from the working models presented a narrower discrepancy than the frameworks fabricated from the impression bodies. The mean of the total gap in premolars (P=.003) and molars (P=.002) exhibited a statistical difference between two groups. CONCLUSION. The mean gap dimensions of each category showed statistically significant difference. Nonetheless, the digitized impression bodies obtained with a laser scanner were applicable to clinical settings, considering the clinically acceptable marginal fit ($120{\mu}m$).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.456-461
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• 2014

PURPOSE. Translucency and colour stability are two most important aspects for an aesthetic dental restoration. Glass ceramic restorations are popular amongst clinicians because of their superior aesthetic properties. In the last decade, zirconia has generated tremendous interest due to its favorable mechanical and biological properties. However, zirconia lacks the translucency that lithium disilicate materials possess and therefore has limitations in its use, especially in esthetically demanding situations. There has been a great thrust in research towards developing translucent zirconia materials for dental restorations. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the transmittance of a translucent variant of zirconia to lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two commercially available zirconia materials (conventional and high translucency) and 2 lithium disilicate materials (conventional and high translucency) with standardized dimensions were fabricated. Transmittance values were measured for all samples followed by a microstructural analysis using a finite element scanning electron microscope. One way analysis of variance combined with a Tukey-post hoc test was used to analyze the data obtained (P=.05). RESULTS. High translucency lithium disilicate showed highest transmittance of all materials studied, followed by conventional lithium disilicate, high translucency zirconia and conventional zirconia. The difference between all groups of materials was statistically significant. The transmittance of the different materials correlated to their microstructure analysis. CONCLUSION. Despite manufacturers' efforts to make zirconia significantly more translucent, the transmittance values of these materials still do not match conventional lithium disilicate. More research is required on zirconia towards making the material more translucent for its potential use as esthetic monolithic restoration.