• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.408-417
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• 2022

Although traditionally perceived as being a visualization and asset management resource, the relatively rapid rate of improvement of computing power, coupled with the proliferation of cloud and edge computing and the IoT has seen the expanded functionality of modern Digital Twins (DTs). These technologies, when applied to buildings, are now providing users with the ability to analyse and predict their energy consumption, implement building controls and identify faults quickly and efficiently, while preserving acceptable comfort and well-being levels. Furthermore, when these building DTs are linked together to form a community DT, entirely new and novel energy management techniques, such as demand side management, demand response, flexibility and local energy markets can be unlocked and analysed in detail, creating circularity in the economy and making ordinary building occupants active participants in the energy market. Through the EU Horizon 2020 funded TwinERGY project, three different levels of DT (consumer - building - community) are being created to support the creation of local energy markets while optimising building performance for real-time occupant preferences and requirements for their building and community. The aim of this research work is to demonstrate the development of this new, interrelated, multi-level DT that can be used as a decision-making tool, helping to determine optimal scenarios simultaneously at consumer, building and community level, while enhancing and successfully supporting the community's management plan implementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2005

Sheep production is affected by genetic and non-genetic factors. A knowledge of these factors is essential for efficient management and for the accurate estimation of breeding values. The objective of this study was to establish the non-genetic factors which affect birth weight and weaning weight in Dorper, Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep breeds. A total of 2,625 birth and weaning weight records from Grasslands Research Station collected from 1991 through 1993, were used. The records were collected from indigenous Sabi (939), Dorper (807) and Mutton Merino (898) sheep. A mixed classification model containing the fixed effects of year, birth status and sex was used for identification of non-genetic factors. Sire within breed was included as a random effect. Two factor interactions and three factor interactions were important in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean birth weights were 4.37${\pm}$0.04 kg, 4.62${\pm}$0.04 kg and 3.29${\pm}$0.04 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Sabi sheep, respectively. Sire had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in Mutton Merino and indigenous Sabi sheep. Year of lambing had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The effect of birth status was non significant in Dorper and Mutton Merino sheep while effect of birth status was significant on birth weight in indigenous Sabi sheep. In Indigenous Sabi sheep lambs born as singles (3.30${\pm}$0.05 kg) were 0.23 kg heavier than twins (3.07${\pm}$0.05 kg), in Mutton Merino lambs born as singles (3.99${\pm}$0.08 kg) were 0.07 kg heavier than twins (3.92${\pm}$0.08 kg) and in Dorper lambs born as singles (4.41${\pm}$0.04 kg) were 0.02 kg heavier than twins (4.39${\pm}$0.04 kg). On average males were heavier than females (p<0.05) weighing (3.32${\pm}$0.04 kg vs. 3.05${\pm}$0.07 kg) in indigenous Sabi, 4.73${\pm}$0.03 kg vs. 4.08${\pm}$0.05 in Dorper and 4.26${\pm}$0.07 kg vs. 3.66${\pm}$0.09 kg in Mutton Merino sheep. Two way factor interactions of sire*year, year*sex and sex*birth status had significant effects (p<0.05) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep while the effect of year*birth status was non significant on birth weight in Indigenous Sabi sheep. The three way factor interaction of year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi and Mutton Merino. Tupping weight fitted as a covariate had significant effects (p<0.001) on birth weight in indigenous Sabi, Mutton Merino and Dorper sheep. The mean weaning weights were 17.94${\pm}$0.31 kg, 18.19${\pm}$0.28 kg and 14.39${\pm}$0.28 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effects of sire and sire*year were non significant on weaning weight in Dorper and Mutton Merino while year, sex and sex*year interaction had significant effects (p<0.001) on weaning weight. On average males were heavier than females (p<0.001) at weaning. The respective weaning weights were 18.05${\pm}$0.46 kg, 18.68${\pm}$0.19 kg, 14.14${\pm}$0.15 kg for males and 16.64${\pm}$0.60 kg, 16.41${\pm}$0.31 kg, 12.64${\pm}$0.32 kg for females in Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep. Lambs born as singles were significantly heavier at weaning than twins, 0.05 kg, 0.06 kg and 0.78 kg for Mutton Merino, Dorper and Indigenous Sabi sheep, respectively. Effect of tupping weight was highly significant on weaning weight. The three way factor interaction year*sex*birth status had a significant effect (p<0.01) on weaning weight. Correction for environmental effects is necessary to increase accuracy of direct selection for birth weight and weaning weight.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.77-80
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• 2008

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were carried out to investigate the effect of loading direction on the cyclic deformation behavior and fatigue resistance of rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy. The as-received alloy showed a strong basal texture indicating that the most of basal planes of hexagonal close-packed structure were located parallel to the rolling direction. Two types of specimens whose loading directions were oriented parallel (RD) and vertical (ND) to the rolling direction. respectively, were used for the comparison. It was found that RD specimens yielded at much lower stresses during compression, while vice versa for the ND specimens, which was mainly attributed to the formation of primary twins. This anisotropic deformation behavior resulted in the different mean stresses during the cycling of RD and ND specimens, affecting the fatigue resistance of two specimens. The ND specimen showed a superior fatigue resistance as compared to the RD specimen under strain-controlled condition.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 1996

Ti(i-OC3H7)와 Ba(OH)2.8H2Or 그리고 공통용매로서 2-Methoxy Ethanol을 이용하여 균일 용액을 제조하고, 이로부터 미세하고 조성비가 균일한 BaTiO3분말을 제조하였다. 이러한 졸-겔법으로 제조된 분말을 TG-DTA와 XRD 분석으로 결정화 및 상변화를 관찰하였다. 각 온도별로 하소된 분말에서 (111)쌍정의 생성여부를 TEM을 이용해 관찰한 결과, 합성된 BaTiO3 분말에서는 하소중(111)쌍정의 생성이 활발히 일어나지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 특히(111) 쌍정판은 합성된 겔을 120$0^{\circ}C$에서 하소한 후 이를 140$0^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 경우에만 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 하소온도의 영향은 원료분말의 입자크기나 형상이 쌍정 생성에 큰 영향을 미침을 의미하는 것으로, 본 연구에서는 이를 근거하여 (111) 쌍정의 생성에 대해서 고찰하였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.468-473
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• 1993

Damages on Si substrate induced by Ar ion implantation and it annealing behavior during rapid thermal annealing were investigated by the cross-sectional TEM (transmissin electron microscopy), RB(Rutherfordbackscattering) spectra an dthermal wave (TW) modulation reflectance methods. Continuous amorphous layer extending to the surface were generated by Ar ion implantation for higher doses than 1 $\times$1015cm-2. The recrystallization of the amorphous layer prodeeded as the annealing temperature increased . However the amorphous /crystal interfacial undulations caused the micro twins and damage clusters. Damage clusters generated by lower doses than 1 $\times$1015 cm-2 disappeared slowly as the annealing temperature increased, but even at 110$0^{\circ}C$ a few damage clusters still remained.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2002

The microstructures and indentation fracture of pressureless-sintered $DyNbO_4$ crystalline were investigated as a basic study for the application of weak phase of fibrous monolithic composites. They were comprised with many lamella twins as well as micro-cracks at the grain boundaries. The hardness at room temperature was remarkably low value(575 Hv) due to the low relative density and existence of microcracks at grain boundaries. The main fracture mode was a typical intergranular fracture, and showed remarkable micro-cracking effect. The heavy plastic deformation was observed around the site of indentation. In addition, the $DyNbO_4$ was expected to apply as a weak phase in the fibrous monolithic composites because of the low hardness and easily plastic deformation that could be led the preferable pulled-out and microcracking toughening under the failure.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.148-160
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• 2011

Thirty-one gross abnormalities that have been observed in tilapia are described: 10 fin, five eye, five jaw, four body shape, three head, two yolk sac, one operculum, and conjoined twins. Twenty-one have been described in published papers; the others were obtained from a survey. Breeding experiments revealed that three were heritable, while six were not heritable. Five could be caused by a bacterial infection, and one could be produced by a fungus. Four deformities were in offspring of males that had been injected with methyl methane sulphonate. Three were produced when sperm was treated with methyl methane sulphonate. Six were observed during sex reversal studies, and one was found following heat shock of fertilized eggs. Three were observed in polluted river water. The cause of other deformities is not known.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2008

The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of high strength TRIP/TWIP steels with the tensile strength of 600Mpa to 900Mpa grade was investigated using cathodically hydrogen charged specimens. TWIP steels with full austenite structure show a lower hydrogen content than do TRIP steels. The uniform distribution of strong traps throughout the matrix in the form of austenite is considered beneficial to reduce the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of TWIP steels. Moreover, an austenite structure with very fine deformation twins formed during straining could also improve the ductility and reduce notch sensitivity. In Ubend and deep drawing cup tests, TWIP steels show a good resistance to hydrogen embrittlement compared with TRIP steels.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

Tic disorders, including Tourette syndrome, are known as neurobiologic disorders and as such, much emphasis has been placed on isolating genetic determinants. Although previous reports involving studies of discordance among monozygotic twins have shown the importance of genetic predisposition, they have also supported a role for environmental factors in the development of tic disorders. Therefore, it is important to consider that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to their clinical expression. The goal of this article was to review recent reports regarding the role of environmental factors in development and progression of tics. Specific environmental factors associated either with a more severe course of illness or improved outcomes were discussed. Given that accumulating evidence had suggested the usefulness of behavior therapies in the suppression of tic disorders, particular emphasis was placed on the impact of several contextual factors.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1998년도 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH KACG TECHNICAL MEETING AND THE 5TH KOREA-JAPAN EMGS (ELECTRONIC MATERIALS GROWTH SYMPOSIUM)
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• pp.157-159
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• 1998

Sapphire crystals were grown by Horizontal Bridgman method. The effects of sliding rate (growth rate) of Molybdenum container, growth atmosphere, temperature gradient and orientation of see on crystal qualities were investigated. The size of the crystals grown was up to 150-200 mm in length, 90 mm in width and 25-35 mm in thickness. Crystals grown under the optimum conditions were colorless, transparent and could not be observed and macroscopic defects, such as bubbles, cracks, twins and mosaic structure. With the grown crystals, prototypes of sapphire substrate for blue wafers were characterized. As a result, we can get hight quality of sapphire wafers with c-axis, 1.5 inches in diameters and 0.33 mm in thickess.