• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.51-74
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• 2014

This study aimed to examine a multiple mediator model in which stresses affect self-criticism. The self-criticism, in turn seemed to affect the feelings of loneliness, and this had an effect on over 65 years living alone. Furthermore, whether social support had any moderating effects in the pathway from the loneliness to suicidal ideation on our pass model were also investigated. Data were collected from 572 samples of persons 65 years of age and older living alone in Seoul. For the analyses of the mediating effects and moderating effects, structural equation modeling was used. The results were as follows. First, the pass model was identified to fit the observed data. This mean that self-criticism increased as stress rises, the increased levels of self-criticism increased loneliness, and the increased levels of loneliness increased the levels of suicidal ideation. Second, social support moderated the relation between loneliness and suicidal ideation on our model. These results suggested that interventions which deal with loneliness and suicidal ideation were needed, in order to reduce suicidal ideation caused by the stress. These imply, additionally, that when social workers try to reduce the suicidal ideation, they should consider the levels of social support at work as influences.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

This paper proposes quay crane (QC) scheduling algorithms that determine the working sequence of QCs over ship bays in a container vessel in automated container terminals. We propose two scheduling algorithms that examine the distribution of export containers in the stacking yard and determine the sequence of ship bays to balance the workload distribution among the yard blocks. One of the algorithms is a simple heuristic algorithm which dynamically selects the next ship bay based on the entropy of workloads among yard blocks whenever a QC finishes loading containers at a ship bay and the other uses genetic algorithm to search the optimal sequence of ship bays. To evaluate the fitness of each chromosome in the genetic algorithm, we have devised a method that is able to calculate an approximation of loading time of container vessels considering the workloads among yard blocks. Simulation experiments have been carried out to compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. The results show that our QC scheduling algorithms are efficient in reducing the turn-around time of container vessels.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.73-86
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• 2018

Recently, the trend is an increase in prep and existing entrepreneurs returning to farming, people who take over the business and work on a secondary inauguration, and those who are in the field of processed food or exposing farm arisen from the activation of the sixth industry. However, the fact is that majority of an agricultural education is about production process technology education of farm product and processed food under a government-affiliated organization, so the education for start-up, management, or marketing are scarcely proceeding. Rapidly changing customers' demands and trends, agricultural product and food market opening cause a crisis in the field of agrifood. To turn this crisis into opportunity, return farmers need to be fully qualified as an entrepreneur and enterpriser, so that they improve their business mind-set such as plaining, manufacturing and marketing items in a customer perspective, and have ability to take action against imported goods. Also there is a necessary education to change recognition and enhance their ability as an entrepreneur. This study gives a proposal that an agricultural education should expand and strengthen for practician in the field of agrifood to inspire mind-set, change recognition, and enhance their ability as an entrepreneur, and aim at basically figuring out reality of current agricultural education which has not been systematically studied yet, and also establishing theories associated with that. This study is composed of present state, content, drawback, improvement plan of the current agricultural education intended for five of education managers and instructors who provided various education about inception towards farmers, returning farmers, and prep entrepreneurs who have already started up or get ready to do the business in agrifood field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.277-296
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• 1994

The progressive artists in Austria including Gustav Klimt organized the Viennes Se-cessionist in 1897 and they took an active part in the reformation of the reformation of the applied art by accepting the Jugendstil standing for the true art. The vocabularies which characterize this group are decoration literature and the power of symbol. Klimt especially expressed these characteristics and his strong person-ality. For he created his works with the sym-bolic and friendly splendor through his highly decorative talents by accepting the enwly changed artistic situation in those days and by getting out of the naturalistic trends he was regarded as an avant-garde artist as a major figure among the Symbolist artists who revived European culture which was destroyed through the World War I. The characteristics of klimt's works was to express the various human thoughts and minds through the decorativeness and the femininity and to use the decorative elements of old Greek and Egyptian culture and Japanese art as the motives of his works, His art is to be found between the naturalistic characteristics and formalization as well as between the in-dustrial arts and the fine arts. In his many portraits he preferred women by trying to express eroticism hidden behind the human inner world. For this he demonstrated the attractiveness and the characteristics of the models by designing the illusionary and unique clothes. In general his genius was to be seen through the costume which was decorated with metals and jewels and through the characteristics of the modern costume in which the previous solid silhouette was removed and the gentle and elegant me-dium color was used. by accepting the new artistic trends in the turn of the century by fully expressing those characteristics in his creative world and by taking his theme from the eroticism through the decorativeness and the expression of women Gustav Klimt's uniquely decorative ex-pression completely realized the aesthetics of Jugendstil symbol decoration and expression which displayed not only the external appear-ance but also the inner world. Especially he created a new appearance emphasizing the costume of the characters in his works. Also through the costume he expressed his artistic consciousness and psy-chology. He showed the characteristics of the reformed costume through the medium color the simple forms and gentle silhouette. Also he tried to symbolize the passionate inner pow-er by designing the small mosaics such as the geometrical patterns whirlpool patterns and the indecent meanings all over the costume. Klmt's this kinds of attemps shows a Stil Kostume as the external outcome of the inner spiritual activities like art and it establishes a basis for the theory of costume are which deals with the concepts of costume from the artistics points of view. This tradition playing an important role in the contemporary history of costume even has been still inherited up to today.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2014

Over last decade InGaN alloy structures have become the one of the most promising materials among the numerous compound semiconductors for high efficiency light sources because of their direct band-gap and a wide spectral region (ultraviolet to infrared). The primary cause for the high quantum efficiency of the InGaN alloy in spite of high threading dislocation density caused by lattice misfit between GaN and sapphire substrate and severe built-in electric field of a few MV/cm due to the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations is generally known as the strong exciton localization trapped by lattice-parameter-scale In-N clusters in the random InGaN alloy. Nonetheless, violet-emitting (390 nm) conventional low-In-content InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) show the degradation in internal quantum efficiency compared to blue-emitting (450 nm) MQWs owing higher In-content due to the less localization of carrier and the smaller band offset. We expected that an improvement of internal quantum efficiency in the violet region can be achieved by replacing the conventional low-In-content InGaN/GaN MQWs with ultra-thin, high-In-content (UTHI) InGaN/GaN MQWs because of better localization of carriers and smaller quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE). We successfully obtain the UTHI InGaN/GaN MQWs grown via employing the GI technique by using the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. In this work, 1 the optical and structural properties of the violet-light-emitting UTHI InGaN/GaN MQWs grown by employing the GI technique in comparison with conventional low-In-content InGaN/GaN MQWs were investigated. Stronger localization of carriers and smaller QCSE were observed in UTHI MQWs as a result of enlarged potential fluctuation and thinner QW thickness compared to those in conventional low-In-content MQWs. We hope that these strong carrier localization and reduced QCSE can turn the UTHI InGaN/GaN MQWs into an attractive candidate for high efficient violet emitter. Detailed structural and optical characteristics of UTHI InGaN/GaN MQWs compared to the conventional InGaN/GaN MQWs will be given.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

One of the traffic problems has been caused by the illegal parking because of the lack of parking space. Especially, the illegal occupancy of the road near an intersection makes an serious reduction of road capacity. The current illegal parking and stop-prohibited areas have been designated for less than 5 meters from the edge or the corner of the 4-leg intersection. However, in reality, the cars parked at the place over 5 meters have had a significant impact on the intersection traffic. In addition, many variables such as intersection type, size, and service levels should be considered as factors which influence on the traffic condition at the intersection. It was assumed that through and right-turn traffic rate have a significant impact on the 4-leg intersection with the illegal parking or stop near it. This study tried to verify the impact through the simulation implementation with MOE and LOS. It shows a guideline to designate the parking or stop-prohibited area near the 4-leg intersection under various traffic conditions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2013

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of asset specificity, the level of information sharing, the importance of information sharing, and an integrated collaborative environment on supply chain performance. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was implemented as follows: questionnaires were distributed to 250 companies that have business ties with Halla Climate Control Corporation. The empirical study to test our hypothesis was based on statistical analysis (using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0). The hypothesis of this paper is that the asset specificity variable has positive effects on the following variables: Level of information sharing, the importance of information sharing, and integrated collaborative environment. Moreover the variables, the level of information sharing, and the importance of information sharing are strongly influenced by the variable integrated collaborative environment, and these when combined, have an effect on the dependent variable, supply chain performance. We tested our hypothesized model utilizing path analysis with latent variables. Results - According to the results of our analysis, hypothesis H1, which tests whether there is a relationship between asset specificity and the integrated collaborative environment, is supported at the 0.01 level. Hypotheses H2 and H3 were also confirmed, and asset specificity had positive effects (+) on the level of information sharing variable. The importance of the information sharing variable was statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Hypotheses H4 and H5 posited that the integrated collaborative environment variable would have a positive effect on the level of information sharing; the importance of information sharing variable was strongly supported statistically, with a significant p-value below. Moreover, the level of information sharing (H6), and the importance of information sharing (H7) variables also had a statistically relevant influence on supply chain performance. As a result, existence of a collaborative system between companies would influence supply chain performance by strengthening real-time information access and information sharing. Thus, it is important to construct a collaborative environment where information sharing among companies and cooperation is possible. Conclusions - First, with rapid changes in the business environment, it becomes necessary for enterprises to acquire the right information in order to properly implement SCM. For successful SCM, firms should understand the importance of collaboration with supply chain partners and an internally built collaboration system, which in turn will better promote a partnership commitment with suppliers as well as collaborative integration with buyers. A collaborative system, as we suggest in this paper, facilitates the maintenance of a long-term relationship of trust, and can help reinforce information sharing. Second, it is necessary to increase information sharing over time via a collaborative system so that employees of the suppliers become aware of the system. The more proactive and positive attitudes are towards such a collaborative system by the managerial group, the higher the level of information sharing will be among the users. Successful SCM performance is achieved by information sharing through a collaborative environment rather than by investing only in setting up an information system.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2008

Chemical engineering (ChE) was conceived at the close of the 19th century as a new discipline which was designed to support then the newly-emerging industries, oil and petrochemical, by supplying the competent engineers equipped with the pertinent engineering fundamentals and skills. It helped the said industries meet the various demands and ramifications of the new pattern of the human civilization spurred by the advent of automobile transportation at the turn of the 20th century. Now ChE once again is ready to fulfill its societal responsibility as probably the most important discipline and profession in sustaining the $21^{st}$ century human civilization providing the needed engineers (ChErs) and technologies. In this study, it is attempted to analyze the role of ChE and ChErs in this context, focusing on the macroeconomic connections embedded in the discipline that allow us to envision the big pictures of the 21st century civilization where the wellbeing of the mankind invariably hinges on five essential industries, i.e., medical, pharmaceutical, energy, environment and materials. It can be argued that ChE is the only discipline that can encompass simultaneously all those five industries indispensable to sustain the 21 st century human civilization that can be termed the era of "enjoy-healthy-living-longer". It is also believed that the historical mission ChE and ChErs are supposed to fulfill now is even bigger than that they took on a hundred years ago and subsequently accomplished with remarkable success in food, clothing, shelter and entertainment industries introducing various technological innovations. The macroeconomic viewpoints are called upon in this study as were in the 2006 article (Hyun, 2006) but focusing on ChE and ChErs this time to view the connections embedded in ChE as the essential components in understanding the historical nature of the role and responsibility of ChE and ChErs. The new paradigm for ChE is also pondered over together with the frequently-cited technology concepts such as IT, BT, NT, ET and ST which are regarded intimately germane to the characteristics and perspectives of the $21^{st}$ century civilization.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1991

To diagnosis and understand the pathophysiologic status of thyroid disease, not only hormonal measurments but also thyroid scan is believed to have a unique role. Especially in the cases of the change of the thyroid function by thyroiditis, it is emphasized that thyroid scan can be helpful in differential diagnosis. Discordant results of thyroid hormone levels and thyroid scan are found in transient hyperthyroidism, or in transient hypothyroidism. We analysed and reevaluated thyroid scan to look at the importance of thyroid scan. The results are summerised as folows: 1) 80% of hyperthyroid patients had hyperthyroidism increased RAIU with even density. they are compatible with Graves' disease. 2) 2.1% of hyperthyroid patients had normal or decreased RAIU, which are classfied as high iodine turn over genuine hyperthyroidism. 3) 8.5% of hyperthyroid patients had markedly decreased RAIU at both 2 hour and 24 hour, whose patholgic processes are suggested to be heterogenous namely subacute thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and painless thyroiditis. 4) 45% of hypothyroid patients had increased 24hr RAIU, 30% of hypothyroid patients were normal, 25%, decreased. In conclusion, thyroid scan should be reevaluated its useful role to asses the pathophysiologic status of thyroid disease. Especially in cases of transient thyrotoxicosis, thyroid scan is essential to diagnose and follow up the disease process.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

The prostate cancer is the critical health problem, increasing of its related death in worldwide. Unfortunately present surgery and chemotherapeutic choices seem to be impossible in curing or controlling prostate cancer, because metastasis occasionally advances even after these potentially curative therapies. Therefore, there is immediate need to alternative chemoprevention and chemotherapeutic agents. Over one hundred species of dried medicinal herbs were tested for proliferation inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. One of them, Anthriscus sylvestris was selected because of potent anti-proliferation effect. The dried root of A. sylvestris was extracted with 100% methanol for 2-3 days and its extract was fractionated by using ethyl acetate. And ethyl acetate layer was subjected to column chromatographies on silica gel, reverse phase-18 (RP-18) and Sephadex LH-20, in turn. Finally, the pure compound was obtained by crystallization in methanol at $4^{\circ}C$ for overnight and identified as deoxypodophyllotoxin by NMR spedorscopic and physico-chemical analyses. In addition, it was confirmed that deoxypodophyllotoxin clearly inhibits the proliferation of PC-3 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.