• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.931-946
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• 2018

도심지에서의 공동구의 활용성 증가에 따라 쉴드 TBM 공법이 적용된 터널식 공동구의 시공 및 연구개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 터널식 공동구는 지하굴착 공사로써 건설안전에 상대적으로 취약하지만, 건설업 재해율 감소를 위한 설계안전성 검토 제도 도입에도 불구하고 터널식 공동구 건설에 적합한 위험요소가 제대로 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 터널식 공동구에 적합한 안전 위험요소를 발굴하고 이중에서 중점으로 관리되어야 할 핵심 안전 위험요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 핵심 안전 위험요소는 매트릭스 기법을 적용하여 위험성 평가를 실시함으로써 공동구 계획, 설계 및 시공 단계의 위험성 평가 및 주요 참고 자료로 사용될 수 있도록 하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2010

Design of a Pump Jet Propulsor (PJP) was undertaken for an underwater body with axisymmetric configuration using axial/low compressor design techniques supported by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis for performance prediction. Experimental evaluation of the PJP was earned out through experiments in a Wind Tunnel Facility (WTF) using momentum defect principle for propulsive performance prior to proceeding with extensive experimental evaluation in towing tank and cavitation tunnel. Experiments were particularly conducted with respect to Self Propulsion Point (SPP), residual torque and thrust characteristics over a range of vehicle advance ratio in order to ascertain whether sufficient thrust is developed at the design condition with least possible imbalance torque left out due to residual swirl in the slip stream. Pumpjet and body models were developed for the propulsion tests using Aluminum alloy forged material. Tests were conducted from 0 m/s to 30 m/s at four rotational speeds of the PJP. SPP was determined confirming the thrust development capability of PJP. Estimation of residual torque was carried out at SPP corresponding to speeds of 15, 20 and 25 m/s to examine the effectiveness of the stator. Estimation of thrust and residual torque was also carried out at wind speeds 0 and 6 m/s for PJP RPMs corresponding to self propulsion tests to study the propulsion characteristics during the launch of the vehicle m water where advance ratios are close to Zero. These results are essential to assess the thrust performance at very low advance ratios to accelerate the body and to control the body during initial stages. This technique has turned out to be very useful and economical method for quick assessment of overall performance of the propulsor and generation of exhaustive fluid dynamic data to validate CFD techniques employed.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2002

최근 들어 전세계적으로 지진발생빈도가 높아지고 있고 개착식 터널과 같이 설치 심도가 낮고 개착한 부분 즉, 구조물 인접 주변을 뒤채움해야 하는 지중구조물의 경우 지진동에 의한 피해가 상당히 발생하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 우리나라의 경우도 1990년대 이후 꾸준히 지진발생빈도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있지만 지중구조물에 대한 내진설계기준에 대한 연구가 부족한 편이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 지진동 발생시 개착식 터널 주변 뒤채움 및 상부 성토재료 특성에 따라 터널에 미치는 동적거동을 분석하기 위하여 토사와 경량재료인 EPS블럭을 적용, 각각의 대하여 뒤채움 경사별 및 성토고에 따른 진동대 시험을 수행하여 개착식 터널의 내진성능 효율성 분석하였다. 지진동에 의한 발생 변형율 및 터널에 발생되는 휨응력 분석결과 EPS블럭과 같은 경량재료를 혼용하는 것이 내진성능을 향상시키는데 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.1069-1077
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• 2015

발파를 이용한 터널굴착시, 와이어쏘를 이용하여 심빼기 부분 외곽에 불연속면을 발생시켜 발파진동을 차단함으로써 소음 및 진동을 저감시키고자 하는 방법은 타 방법에 비해 시공이 간편하고 경제적일 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에서는 터널굴착용 와이어쏘의 절삭 메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 시간에 따른 절삭 깊이 변화와 절삭 중 암석 내부의 와이어쏘 곡선 형태를 파악할 수 있는 절삭 모델을 구축하고 검증하였다. 구축된 모델을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 터널굴착용 와이어쏘 절삭의 특징을 살펴보고, 와이어쏘 인장력, 와이어쏘 속도, 피드 속도, 천공 깊이 및 천공 직경과 같은 주요 조건들이 절삭 성능에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며, 이러한 검토 결과를 바탕으로 절삭 성능을 높이기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2018

Newly-designed high-rise buildings, both in China and abroad, have demonstrated new innovations from the creative concept to the creative method. from the creative concept to the creative method. At the same time, digital technology has enabled more design freedom in the vertical dimension. "Twisting" has gradually become the morphological choice of many city landmark buildings in recent years. The form seems more likely to be driven by the interaction of aesthetics and structural engineering. Environmental performance is often a secondary consideration; it is typically not simulated until the evaluation phase. Based on the research results of "DigitalFUTURE Shanghai 2017 Workshop - Wind Tunnel Visualization", an approach that can be employed by architects to design environmental-performance buildings during the early stages has been explored. The integration of a dynamic form-finding approach (DFFA) and programming transforms the complex relationship between architecture and environment into a dialogue of computer language and dynamic models. It allows the design to focus on the relationship between morphology and the surrounding environment, and is not limited to the envelope form itself. This new concept of DFFA in this research consists of three elements: 1) architectural form; 2) integration of wind tunnel and dynamic models; and 3) environmental response. The concept of wind tunnel testing integrated with a dynamic model fundamentally abandons the functional definition of the traditional static environment simulation analysis. Instead it is driven by integral environmental performance as the basic starting point of morphological generation.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.452-461
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• 2005

성형(Star) VPN(Virtual Private Network) 구조에서는 통신하는 두 CPE(Customer Premise Equipment) VPN GW(Gateway) 간 발생하는 트래픽이 항상 Center VPN GW를 거쳐서 전송되므로 비효율적인 트래픽 전송이 이루어진다. 또한 Center VPN GW에서의 패킷 프로세싱으로 인한 과부하도 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 방안으로 IPSec(IP Security)의 IKE(Internet Key Exchange) 메커니즘을 이용하여 통신하는 두 CPE VPN GW 간 직접터널을 설립할 수 있으나 이 경우에는 터널 설립 및 관리가 복잡하고 오버헤드가 크다 이에 본 논문에서는 통신하는 CPE VPN SW 간에 자동적으로 직접터널을 설립할 수 있게 하는 SVOT(Star VPN On-demand Tunnel) 방안을 제안한다. SVOT 방안에서는 CPE YPN GW가 트래픽 모니터링 정보를 기반으로 직접터널을 설립할 것인지를 판단한다 CPE VPN GW는 Center VPN GW로부터 터널 설립에 필요한 제반정보들을 제공받아 상대 CPE VPN GW와 직접터널을 설립한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 방안에 대하여 성능을 조사하였고, 이와 함께 기본적으로 Center VPN GW를 통하여 모든 트래픽이 전송되는 성형 VPN 구조, 모든 CPE VPN GW간 풀-메시(Full-mesh)로 터널 연결 정보를 유지하고 있는 풀-rll시 VPN 구조와 성능을 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안하는 SVOT 방안이 기본적인 성형 VPN 구조에 비해 확장성과 트래픽 전송효율성, Center VPN GW의 과부하를 방지하는 측면에서 우수한 성능을 보이면서 종단간 지연 및 처리율에 있어서는 풀-메시 VPN 구조와 거의 비슷한 성능을 보임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.80-83
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• 2008

As SOC (Social Overhead Capital) has been expanded, the highway road construction has been accelerated and city road system has been more complicated. So, long road tunnels have been increased and traffic flow rate also has been raised. Accordingly, the exhausting gas of vehicle cars seriously deteriorates the tunnel inside air quality and driving view. In order to improve tunnel inside air quality, we may need to introduce a compulsory ventilation system as well as natural ventilation mechanism. The natural ventilation mechanism is enough for short tunnels, meanwhile longer tunnels require a specific compulsory ventilation facility. Many foreign countries already have been devoting on development of effective tunnel ventilation system and especially, some European nations and Japan have already applied their developed tunnel ventilation system for longer road tunnels. More recently, as the quality of life improved, our concerns about safety of driving and better driving environment have been increased. In order to obtain clearer and longer driving view, we are more interested in EP tunnel ventilation system in order to remove floating contaminants and automobile exhaust gas. Evan though it's been a long time since many European countries and Japan applied more economical and environment-friendly tunnel ventilation system with their self-developed Electrostatic Precipitator, we are still dependant on imported system from foreign nations. Therefore, we need to develop our unique technical know-how for optimum design tools through validity investigation and continuous possibility examination, eventually in order to localize the tunnel ventilation system technology. In this project, we will manufacture test-run products to examine the performance of system in order to develop main parts of tunnel ventilation system such as electrostatic precipitator, high voltage power generator, water treatment system, etc.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.269-285
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• 2022

The pressure-mitigating effects of a high-speed train passing through a tunnel with a partially reduced cross-section are investigated via the numerical approach. A compressible, three-dimensional RNG k-ε turbulence model and a hybrid mesh strategy are adopted to reproduce that event, which is validated by the moving model test. Three step-like tunnel forms and two additional transitions at the tunnel junction are proposed and their aerodynamic performance is compared and scrutinized with a constant cross-sectional tunnel as the benchmark. The results show that the tunnel step is unrelated to the pressure mitigation effects since the case of a double-step tunnel has no advantage in comparison to a single-step tunnel, but the excavated volume is an essential matter. The pressure peaks are reduced at different levels along with the increase of the excavated earth volume and the peaks are either fitted with power or logarithmic function relationships. In addition, the Arc and Oblique-transitions have very limited gaps, and their pressure curves are identical to each other, whereas the Rec-transition leads to relatively lower pressure peaks in C_Pmax, C_Pmin, and ΔC_P, with 5.2%, 4.0%, and 4.1% relieved compared with Oblique-transition. This study could provide guidance for the design of the novel railway tunnel.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2009

철도터널의 건설이 증가하고 장대화 됨에 따라 터널내에서의 화재 위험에 대한 사회적 관심이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 현재까지 이러한 화재 위험에 대해 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 연구는 부족한 편이고 특히, 각 변수들의 불확실성을 고려하여 화재위험도를 정량적으로 평가하는 방법에 대해서는 거의 연구된 바가 없다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 Event Tree 기법을 이용한 기존의 확률론적 위험도 평가기법을 바탕으로 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션 기법을 이용한 변수들의 불확실성을 고려할 수 있는 기법을 추가하여 철도터널의 정량적 위험도 평가기법을 개선하고자 하였으며 실제 프로젝트에 적용함으로써 그 유효성을 검증하고자 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.3797-3822
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• 2020

The inspection of cracks on the surface of tunnel linings is a common method of evaluate the condition of the tunnel. In particular, determining the thickness and shape of a crack is important because it indicates the external forces applied to the tunnel and the current condition of the concrete structure. Recently, several automatic crack detection methods have been proposed to identify cracks using captured tunnel lining images. These methods apply an image-segmentation mechanism with well-annotated datasets. However, generating the ground truths requires many resources, and the small proportion of cracks in the images cause a class-imbalance problem. A weakly annotated dataset is generated to reduce resource consumption and avoid the class-imbalance problem. However, the use of the dataset results in a large number of false positives and requires post-processing for accurate crack detection. To overcome these issues, we propose a crack detection method using a ternary classifier. The proposed method significantly reduces the false positive rate, and the performance (as measured by the F1 score) is improved by 0.33 compared to previous methods. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.