• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1391-1398
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the suppressive effects of ore minerals on the allergic cell damages and oxidative cell damages. The ore minerals significantly reduced the productions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in rat basophilic leukemia cells challenged with 2,4-dinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA). Lipoxygenase activity was also reduced by the ore minerals. Moreover, the ore minerals showed weak protective effects on the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in pig kidney cells and retinal ganglion cells. Photohemolysis of erythrocytes in the presence of rose-bengal as a sensitizer was also inhibited by ore minerals. These results suggest that the ore minerals may be useful as the protectant for allergic and oxidative cell damages.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.457-461
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• 2008

Kawasaki disease (KD) was first described by Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki in his 1975 study, published in Pediatrics. Its pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important to preventing concomitant coronary artery complications. Most KD patients respond well to the standard treatment of aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin; however, some of them are refractory to the standard treatment, and so adjuvant therapies with corticosteroids and anti-tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) antibody are necessary. In this article, the author reviews and summarizes the most recent literature on the treatment of refractory KD.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2017

In a continuing study of the fermented noni (Morinda citrifolia) juice exudates, five compounds, heptanyl $2-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-xylofuranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranoside$ (1), n-butyl ${\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranoside$ (2), (1S)-(3-ethenyl-phenyl)-1,2-ethanediol (3), (2S)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid (4), and daucosterol (5) were isolated from the buthanol partition of the extract. The structures of the isolates were identified by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments, as well as by comparison of their data with the published values. Among the isolates, compounds 1 - 3 were isolated for the first time from the plant species. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$)-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity, and quinonone reductase-1 (QR1)-inducing effect.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.685-690
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• 2006

The effect of a main constituent ginsenoside Rg5 isolated from red ginseng and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 in a chronic dermatitis model was investigated. Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 suppressed swelling of oxazolone-induced mouse ear contact dermatitis. These ginsenosides also reduced mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$. The inhibition of ginsenoside Rh3 was more potent than that of ginsenoside Rg5. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rh3 metabolized from ginsenoside Rg5 may improve chronic dermatitis or psoriasis by the regulation of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ produced by macrophage cells and of $IFN-{\gamma}$ produced by Th cells.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2014

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine inducing crucial inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}(TNF{\alpha})$ and IL-6 and its expression is elevated in various inflammatory autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, as well as viral infections. IL-32 gene was first cloned from activated T cells, however IL-32 expression was also found in other immune cells and non-immune cells. IL-32 gene was identified in most mammals except rodents. It is transcribed as multiple-spliced variants in the absence of a specific activity of each isoform. IL-32 has been studied mostly in clinical fields such as infection, autoimmune, cancer, vascular disease, and pulmonary diseases. It is difficult to investigate the precise role of IL-32 in vivo due to the absence of IL-32 gene in mouse. The lack of mouse IL-32 gene restricts in vivo studies and restrains further development of IL-32 research in clinical applications although IL-32 new cytokine getting a spotlight as an immune regulatory molecule processing important roles in autoimmune, infection, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of IL-32 in inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2002

The musk has been reported to have significant anti-inflammatory activities in clinical use and several animal models and we examined the effects of water soluble fraction(WSF) of the musk on murine peritoneal macrophages. WSF decreased the production of nitric oxide from the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated murine peritoneal macrophages and also reduced the phagocytic activity of macrophages on the opsonized sheep red blood cells(SRBC). Transcriptional expression level of the inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) was also decreased and the viability of the treated macrophages was not affected by WSF, suggesting that the effects could be partly explained by transcriptional regulation. Contrary to down-regulating iNOS expression, WSF slightly increased the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha$(TNF-{\alpha})$, which implied its selective action on cellular pathways activated by LPS. Our results showed that anti-inflammatory activities of the musk could be partly explained by the inhibitory effects of the water soluble fraction on the macrophageal activation.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.107.2-107.2
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• 2003

Bisphenol A(BPA) is a monomer widely used in the manufacturing polycarbonate plastic or epoxy resin and Mancozeb (MCZ), a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate, is widely used in agriculture as fungicide, insecticide and herbcide. These chemicals have been recently known as endocrine disruptors. To investigate the effects of BPA and MCZ on LPS-induced cytokine production (TNF-${\alpha}$) in vivo, female ICR mice were administered to various concentration of these materials (BPA; 100, 500, 1000 mg/kg/day, and MCZ; 250, 500, 1000, 1500 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and serum cytokine levels were measured at 1h post LPS injection (day 32) in BPA- or MCZ-administered mice. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.138.1-138.1
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• 2003

Inflammatory responses from activated microglia are one of major causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Particularly, proinflammatory cytokines (PC), such as IL-l$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$, and nitric oxide (NO) are correlated with AD by inducing the chronic inflammation in the brain. In the present study, we found that microglia are activated by lipopolisaccharide (LPS) and Abeta42 (A$\beta$42), and those activated microglia produced such repertoires up to 72h with a turning point at 24h. However, no dose dependecy was found during the chasing time courses (6h to 72h). (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.139.2-139.2
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• 2003

The in vitro effects of extracted fractions of C. militaris on the secretion of cytokines in murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 were studied. F1 (crude cordycepin containing adenosine), F2 (ethanol precipitation), F3 (ethanol soluble supernatant) and F4 (fraction of through SK-1B) significantly stimulated the production of cytokine and nitric oxide (NO) on murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. We examined how the ethanol extract of C. militaris regulates production of interleukine 1-beta(IL-1$\beta$), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), and NO in vitro. (omitted)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

Klotho deficiency is an early event in acute kidney injury (AKI) that exacerbates acute kidney damage. The present study explored the expression of Klotho and inflammation related factors in cisplatin-induced AKI. Rats (n = 18) were treated with cisplatin intraperitoneal injection (5 mg/kg) or left untreated as controls (n = 6), then sacrificed at 5 (n = 6) and 10 days (n = 6) treatment. Five days after cisplatin injection, the serum kidney enzymes and kidney cell apoptosis were significantly increased. Moreover, the expression of Klotho was decreased when compared to the control group, especially in the cortex and outer medulla regions. In contrast, inflammation related signals including nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis were enhanced. However, 10 days after cisplatin injection, Klotho expression was enhanced upon both IHC and Western blot analysis, with slightly recovered renal function and decreased apoptosis. Furthermore, inflammation related signals expression was decreased relative to the 5 days group. Overall, this study confirmed the opposite expression patterns between Klotho and inflammation related signals and their localization in cisplatin-induced AKI kidney.