• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.35-46
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• 2002

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer has been one of the most highly recognized medicinal herbs in the Orient. Previous experiments have demonstrated that $Rg_3,\;and\;Rg_5$ statistically significantly decreased the incidence of benzo(a)pyrene-induced mouse lung tumor, $Rh_2$ showed tendency of decrease and $Rh_1$ showed no effect. It was, therefore, concluded that $Rg_3,\;Rg_5\;and\;Rh_2$ are active cancer chemopreventive components in red ginseng and they either singularly or synergistically act in the prevention of cancer. This study was undertaken to compare the cancer chemopreventive effects of $Rg_3,\;Rg_5\;and\;Rh_2$(purity: more than $60\%$) isolated from fermented ginseng extract and BST fermented ginseng with fortified ginsenoside $Rg_3\;and\;Rh_2$. The cancer chemopreventive effects were investigated in experimental groups treated with benzo(a)pyrene(BP) with ginsenoside $Rg_3,\;Rg_5\;Rh_2\;or\;BST$ at three doses of $50^{\circ}C/ml,\;100^{\circ}C/ml\;and\;200^{\circ}C/ml$ When mice given with $50^{\circ}C/ml$ concentration of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ combined with BP for 6 weeks after BP administration, $Rg_3\;showed\;60\%$ of lung tumor incidence, where as $100^{\circ}C/ml\;and\;200^{\circ}C/ml\;of\;Rg_3$ combined with BP groups had significant decrease of incidence $(40.0\%)$ respectively, with the inhibition rate being $35.5\%.$ While the tumor incidence was not decreased in the group treated with BP and 50 of $Rg_5,$ the incidence was $34.0\%\;and\;32.0\%$ in the group treated with BP and 100 and 200 of $Rg_5$, respectively. These incidences were significantly less than the group treated with BP alone, with the inhibition rate being $45.2\%\;and\;48.4\%,$ respectively. On the other hand, in the group treated with BP and 50 of ginsenoside $Rh_2,$ the tumor incidence was not decreased. However, the incidence was $40.0\%\;and\;38.8\%$ in the experimental treated with BP and 100 and 200 of $Rh_2,$ respectively, with the inhibition rate being $45.2\%\;and\;48.4\%,$ respectively. In addition, the incidence showed the tendency to decrease in the experimental group treated with BP and 50 of BST which contained $16.2\%\;of\;Rh_2,\;15.4\%\;of\;Rg_3\;and\;2.5%\;of\;Rg_5.$ The tumor incidence was $54.0\%$ in this group. In the group treated with 100 and 200 of EST, the incidence was $34.0\%\;and\;30.0\%,$ respectively, the incidences significantly being lower than the group treated with BP alone, with the inhibiting rate being $45.2\%\;and\;51.6\%,$ respectively. The results of this study strongly suggested that ginsenoside $Rg_3,\;Rg_5\;and\;Rh_2$ are the active components of red ginseng having a cancer chemopreventive activity and $Rg_5$ is the strongest cancer chempopreventive among them. On the other hand, the results demonstrating that the incidence of lung tumor was more markedly reduced by BST fermented ginseng with fortified ginsenoside $Rh_2\;or\;Rg_3$ compared to the single component alone, suggest that the combination of these components may remarkablely improve the cancer preventive effect

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.261-263
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• 1996

SK-302B, an antibiotic purified from soil Streptomyces sp. 302, was structurally identified as echinomycin (C/sub 50/H/sub 66/N/sub 11/S/sub 2/). In the present experiment, the possibility of SK-302B as an anticolon cancer agent was investigated by using chemosensitivity system (MTT assay, clonogenic assay). Treatment of SK-302B on various colon cancer cell lines resulted in a significant cytotoxicity and tumor colony formation inhibition. These studies showed that SK-302B had a potent inhibition on colon cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8019-8026
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• 2014

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene is a gene known to be a tumor suppressor, although recent data suggest that it has a dual function in tumorigenesis. It was initially discovered in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in which a t(15; 17) chromosomal translocation fused it to the retinoic acid receptor alpha ($RAR{\alpha}$). It has been shown to be involved in various types of cancer. It has at least 6 nuclear isoforms and a cytoplasmic type with different characteristics. Its multiple functions in growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, replicative senescence, inhibition of oncogenic transformation, and suppression of migration and angiogenesis have made it a therapeutic target for cancer therapy. However, its dual role in the process of tumorigenesis has made this field challenging. In this review, we discuss PML structure, functions and expression in tumors.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.490-498
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• 1993

To find antitumor components in the hot water extract from the basidiocarps of Hypsizigus mamomus. protein-bound polysaccharides were purified and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was injected intraperitoneally into ICR mice. fraction IV of the component showed the highest inhibition ratio of 73.8% against the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells in mice to 3.2 times. when IV was about 30 KD and the fraction was composed of 76.1% polysaccharide and 4.9% protein. The hexosamine was detected in all the fractions, showing that the polysaccharide and protein moieties were bound each other.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.481-486
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• 1999

Excessive or long term ingestion of alcohol may cause hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatic tumor and so on. Aldehyde and active form of free oxygen that are metabolites of alcohol in liver are the cause of liver cell damage. The main system of alcohol metabolism is composed of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and cytochrome P450. In connection with in vivo alcohol metabolism, more than one hundred natural products were screened for inhibition or activation of alcohol dehydrogenase. As a results, we found significant inhibition ($IC_50$) of ADH by methanolic extracts of Puerariae Radix ($61.2{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), Glycyrrhizae Radix ($105.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), Cinnamomi Ramulus ($7.0{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), Rhei Rhizoma ($36.7{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), Mori Cortex Radicis ($106.2{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), Chrysanthemi Flos ($112.2{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), Erycibes Caulis ($36.7{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$), and Scutellariae Radix ($122.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$)

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and more than 80% of cases are of non-small cell lung cancer. Although chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy may provide some benefit, there is a need for newer therapies for the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. Immunotherapy aims to augment the recognition of cancer as foreign, to stimulate immune responsiveness, and to relieve the inhibition of the immune response that allows tolerance to tumor survival and growth. Two immunotherapeutic approaches showing promise in NSCLC are immune checkpoint inhibition and cancer vaccination. Although currently immunotherapy does not have an established role in the treatment of NSCLC, these patients should be enrolled in formal clinical trials.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.200.1-200.1
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• 2003

Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai is an endemic species in Korea. The EtOH extract of leaf and branch from the plant showed potent antitumor activity in Teruhiro's method. The tumor volume inhibition ratio value is 25.2% with 20mg/kg in the BDF1 mouse injected LLC cell. We isolated one flavone, sciadopitysin (1), two flavone O-glycosides, quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucuronide 6"-ethyl ester (2), apigenin 7-neohesperidoside (3) in comparison with literatures data. Compounds 1-3 showed stronger antitumor activity than Taxol used as positive control. The inhibition ratio values of compounds 1-3 is 34.9, 31.6, 34.0%, respectively, and Taxol is 27.0 % compared with control group.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.426-432
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• 2002

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of female death from cancer worldwide with about 500,000 deaths per year. A strong association between certain human papilloma viruses (HPV type 16 and 18) and cervical cancer has been well known. An extract of Saururus chinensis, named as PE-46, has been used to investigate whether this agent has the ability of inhibiting the oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV type 16. PE-46 inhibited the proliferation of human cervical cancer cell lines in a dose response manner. PE-46 also inhibited the in vitro binding of E6 and E6AP which are essential for the binding and degradation of the tumor suppressor p53. In addition, PE-46 inhibited the in vitro binding of E7 and Rb which is essential tumor suppressor for the control of cell cycle. The levels of mRNA for E6 and E7 were also decreased by PE-46. SiHa cells treated with PE-46 induced G0/G1 arrest, resulting in inhibition of growth. Our study showed that the PE-46 can inhibit the cervical carcinomas via both inhibition of bindings between oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and inhibition of G1longrightarrowS transition. PE-46 inhibited the oncogenecity of E6 and E7 of HPV 16 type, thus could be used as a putative modulating agent for the treatment of cervical carcinomas caused by HPV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2005

Much of the interest on the chemopreventive properties of herbs and plants has been raised, whereas little is regarding to anti-tumor effect of farming and aquatic products. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of hot-water extract of a seaweed, BLC (Sargassum fulvellum) and BLC/HEN egg was investigated using MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo systems. We found that the BLC extract and BLC/HEN egg inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, which might be mediated through up-regulation of p53. Furthermore, this test compound can directly induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which might be mediated through up-regulation of a pro-apoptotic Bax protein and down-regulation of a anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, not by immune system. Nude mice bearing established breast tumors (with exogenous estradiol) were treated with BLC extract and BLC/HEN egg. Treatment BLC extract and BLC/HEN egg caused a 42% and 71% inhibition of tumor growth, respectively. Both agents caused a significant inhibition of volume and weight growth of estrogen independent human breast tumors established from MCF-7 cells. Our results suggested that BLC extract and BLC/HEN egg have the efficacious effect of human breast cancer not only in vitro but also in vivo.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.340.3-341
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• 2002

During the research for the development of antitumor agents. we found the 3-arylisoquinoline derivatives exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines. For extending our study on these compounds. indeno［1.2-c］isoquinolines were chosen as the next research target due to previous studied data of the compounds that showed potent topoisomerase I inhibition activity as well as cytotoxicity against many kinds of tumor cell lines. Retrosynthetic consideration of indeno[1.2-d]isoquinolines indicates that the coupling of o-methyltoluamide with o-hydroxymethylbenxonitrile might afford 3-arylisoquinoline which could be translerred to the aldehtde. Indeno [1.2-c]isoquinolines can be formed by and inframolecular ring cyclization method. Various derlvatives of this compound including 11-alkoxy-6-methyl-6H. 11H-indeno[1.2-c]isoquinolin-5-one and biological activity will be presented with the docking model with topisomerase 1 enzyme.