• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2022

It has well reported that tumor markers have many advantages like minimally invasive, convenient use, low cost but also has many limitations like low sensitivity and specificity, relevance of prognosis, low organ specificity. Although no tumor markers are ideal, many tumor markers are used for cancer diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and surveillance monitoring after treatment. We review the classification and characteristics of tumor markers according cancer types and clinical roles in current times.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.376-385
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• 2018

Recent discoveries of brain tumor-related genes and fast advances in genomic testing technologies have led to the era of molecular diagnosis of brain tumor. Molecular profiling of brain tumor became the significant step in the diagnosis, the prediction of prognosis and the treatment of brain tumor. Because traditional molecular testing methods have limitations in time and cost for multiple gene tests, next-generation sequencing technologies are rapidly introduced into clinical practice. Targeted sequencing panels using these technologies have been developed for brain tumors. In this article, focused on pediatric brain tumor, key discoveries of brain tumor-related genes are reviewed and cancer panels used in the molecular profiling of brain tumor are discussed.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 1996

We describe two cases of metastatic Wilms' tumor in the lung with emphasis on the cytologic features of specimens obtained by needle aspiration. One of them was extrarenal Wilms' tumor. The findings were correlated with the histopathologic features of the primary lesion. Cellular components in the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) slides included blastemal, epithelial, stromal and inflammatory cells with immature tubular differentiation and rosette formation. Recognition of these cellular components in FNAC smears help in establishing FNAC diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The blastemal cells were represented by small to medium sized cells with scanty cytoplasm having ill-defined borders and round to slightly oval nuclei with evenly dispersed chromatin and small marginated nucleoli. They were seen in our two cases. The differential diagnosis includes neuroblastoma, malignant lymphoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, clear cell sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. In conclusion, making a definite cytologic diagnosis of metastatic Wilms' tumor may be possible by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. The above findings may contribute to the diagnosis of FNAC of metastatic Wilms' tumor.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a key protein in mitosis and has been validated as a target for tumor therapy. It is well known to highly overexpress in many kinds of tumor, which has been implicated as a potential biomarker for tumor treatment and diagnosis. Plk1 consists of two domains, the N-terminus kinase domain and the C-terminus polo-box domain (PBD). The inhibitors have been developed for PBD of Plk1, which were shown a high level of affinity and selectivity for Plk1 that led to mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. This review discusses the inhibitors for PBD of Plk1 that are suitable for in vivo tumor treatment. They can be further extended for developing in vivo imaging probes for early diagnosis of tumor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4187-4192
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• 2014

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are important proteases involved in invasion and metastasis of various tumors. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare neoplasms. This study was performed to assess MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in EGIST tissue samples for association with clinicopathological data from the patients. Twenty-one surgical EGIST tissue specimens were collected for analysis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression using immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were expressed in all of the epithelial cell types of EGISTs, whereas they were only expressed in 75% of the spindle cell type, although there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was associated with tumor size, mitotic rate, tumor necrosis, and distant metastasis (p<0.05). MMP-2 expression was linked with MMP-9 levels (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between MMP-9 expression and age, sex, primary site, or cell morphology in any of these 21 EGIST patients (p>0.05). Moreover, expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins increased with the degree of EGIST risk. This study provided evidence of an association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with advanced EGIST behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1047-1049
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• 2015

Background: This systematic analysis was conducted to investigate pathological diagnosis of vertebral tumor metastasis with unknown primaries. Methods: Clinical studies conducted to pathologically investigate vertebral tumor metastasis were identified using a predefined search strategy. Pooled diagnosis (PD) of each pathological confirmation was calculated. Results: For vertebral tumor metastasis, 5 clinical studies which included 762 patients were considered eligible for inclusion. Systematic analysis suggested that, for all patients with vertebral tumor metastasis, dominant PD was pathologically confirmed with lung cancer in 21.7% (165/762), with breast cancer in 26.6% (203/762) and with prostate cancer in 19.2% (146/762). Other diagnosis that could be confirmed included lymphoma, multiple myeloma, renal cancer, for example, in this cohort of patients. Conclusions: This systemic analysis suggested that breast, lung and prostate lesions could be the most common pathological types of cancer for vertebral tumor metastasis formunknown primaries, and other common diagnoses could include lymphoma, multiple myeloma, renal cancer.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.269-272
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• 2017

Periductal stromal sarcoma (PSS) is a type of rare malignant fibroepithelial tumor. PSS is a recently introduced diagnostic entity and there are few reports about radiological features of this tumor. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult because it reveals similar symptoms with other benign and malignant tumors with absence of specific radiologic findings. We present a woman age 30 that underwent mammotome biopsy for a BI-RADS 4 lesion on her left breast and received histopathology diagnosis of a phyllodes tumor. Additionally, she underwent a wide excision depending on her histopathology diagnosis. Her final diagnosis was PSS. Six months later, no recurrence was detected. However, frequent follow-up is needed because PSS can develop into phyllodes tumor or entity of breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10267-10272
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• 2015

To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS for the clinical diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer and to analyze the efficacy of these tumor markers (TMs) in evaluating curative effects and prognosis. A total of 573 patients with upper GIT cancer between January 2004 and December 2007 were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were examined preoperatively and every 3 months postoperatively by ELISA. The sensitivity of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, AFP, CA72-4, SCC, TPA and TPS were 26.8%, 36.2%, 42.9%, 2.84%, 25.4%, 34.6%, 34.2% and 30.9%, respectively. The combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 had higher sensitivity and specificity in gastric cancer (GC) and cardiac cancer, while CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC was the best combination of diagnosis for esophageal cancer (EC). Elevation of preoperative CEA, CA19-9 and CA24-2, SCC and CA72-4 was significantly associated with pathological types (p<0.05) and TNM staging (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that CA24-2 was significantly correlated with CA19-9 (r=0.810, p<0.001). The levels of CEA, CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC decreased obviously 3 months after operations. When metastasis and recurrence occurred, the levels of TMs significantly increased. On multivariate analysis, high preoperative CA72-4, CA24-2 and SCC served as prognostic factors for cardiac carcinoma, GC and EC, respectively. combined detection of CEA+CA199+CA242+SCC proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of EC; CEA+CA199+CA242+CA724 proved to be a better evaluation indicator for cardiac cancer and GC. CEA and CA19-9, CA24-2, CA72-4 and SCC, examined postoperatively during follow-up, were useful to find early tumor recurrence and metastasis, and evaluate prognosis. AFP, TPA and TPS have no significant value in diagnosis of patients with upper GIT cancer.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.35-38
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• 2017

Neurilemmomas are benign tumors originating from Schwann cells, and may occur in various nerves; however, they rarely originate from the lingual nerve. When a lingual nerve neurilemmoma develops in the submandibular space, it can be challenging to diagnose it preoperatively, and this tumor can be misdiagnosed as a usual submandibular gland tumor owing to the rarity and a lack of knowledge about lingual nerve neurilemmomas. Therefore, it is important to consider neurilemmoma in the differential diagnosis in cases where the characteristics of the tumor do not correspond with the typical findings of submandibular gland tumors, in order to avoid inadvertent sacrifice of the nerve because of incorrect diagnosis of a salivary gland tumor. Herein, we report a lingual nerve neurilemmoma in the submandibular space, along with a literature review, to highlight the clinical significance and improve understanding of this type of tumor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4891-4894
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate the value of combined detection of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), and carbohydrateantigen 125 (CA125) for the clinical diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 were assessed in 140 patients with NSCLC, 90 patients with benign lung disease and 90 normal control subjects, and differences of expression were compared in each group, and joint effects of these tumor markers in the diagnosis of NSCLC were analyzed. Results: Serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 in patients with NSCLC were significantly higher than those with benign lung disease and normal controls (P<0.05). The sensitivity of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 were 49.45%, 59.67%, and 44.87% respectively. As expected, combinations of these tumor markers improved their sensitivity for NSCLC. The combined detection of CEA + CYFRA21-1 was the most cost-effective combination which had higher sensitivity and specificity in NSCLC. Elevation of serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 was significantly associated with pathological types (P<0.05) and elevation of serum CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 was significantly associated with TNM staging (P<0.05). Conclusions: Single measurement of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and CA125 is of diagnostic value in the diagnosis of lung cancer, and a joint detection of these three tumor markers, could greatly improve the sensitivity of diagnosis on NSCLC. Combined detection of CEA + CYFRA21-1 proved to be the most economic and practical strategy in diagnosis of NSCLC, which can be used to screen the high-risk group.