• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2010

This study was practiced to investigate the existing study trends for Injinho that is numerously used for hepatobiliary diseases in oriental medicine. The studies selected from the domestic academic database included the following keywords in the title or abstract; 'Artemisia capillaris', 'Artemisia iwayomogi', 'Artemisia scoparia'. The studies considered were those published from January 1990 to May 2009. 198 studies were found to include the keywords related to the study subjects either in their title of contents or abstracts, and 104 studies among them were finally selected as subjects for this study. 81 studies among 104 studies(78%) were published between 2000 and 2009, while 23 studies(22%) were published between 1990 and 1999. Classification was proceeded according to study subjects as followed; 23 studies confirming hepatoprotective effect after artificial liver damage in a number of cells or the organ itself, 18 studies on anti-tumor effect, 12 studies on hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease, and 4 studies on liver cirrhosis and hepatocyte regeneration. Furthermore, classification was conducted according to study methods as followed; 56 studies practicing in vitro, 33 studies practicing in vivo, 11 studies practicing both in vitro and in vivo. 2 studies on specific cases and 1 study on documentary records. The majority of studies report the affirmative effects of Injinho. However most study methods were restricted to in vitro and in vivo. Hereafter, case reports on various fields and multicenter clinical trials on Injinho is necessary.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2018

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound that has recently emerged with anti-aging properties and suppresses inflammation and oxidation. However, its mechanisms of action on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the potential of spermidine for reducing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish was explored. Our data indicate that spermidine significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and cytokines including tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 macrophages without any significant cytotoxicity. The protective effects of spermidine accompanied by a marked suppression in their regulatory gene expression at the transcription levels. Spermidine also attenuated the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 subunit and reduced LPS-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, spermidine prevented the LPS-induced NO production and ROS accumulation in zebrafish larvae and was found to be associated with a diminished recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Although more work is needed to fully understand the critical role of spermidine on the inhibition of inflammation-associated migration of immune cells, our findings clearly demonstrate that spermidine may be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.574-577
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• 2007

Primary malignant neoplasm of the pericardium is very rare, Neoplastic involvement of the pericardium may result in rapidly developing hemorrhagic effusion. A 30-year-old male who occasionally suffered from chest tightness was referred to our hospital under the diagnosis of unstable angina. He presented with acute chest pain and severe dyspnea that had developed one day previously. The diagnostic investigations such as echocardiography, chest CT and magnetic resonance image suggested cardiac tamponade that was caused by rupture of the pericardial teratoma. An operation to remove the tumor and effusion was performed. The pericardial mass was completely excised, and the result of the frozen biopsy favored malignancy. The final pathologic report was malignant fibrosarcoma of the pericardium and no malignant cells were found on the cytology of the pericardial effusion. The patient had a smooth postoperative course and was referred to another hospital for additional radiation therapy. We report here on this case of cardiac tamponade that was caused by primary pericardial fibrosarcoma, and this required urgent diagnosis and surgical management.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.324-336
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• 1992

On the five interspecific protoplast fusants of Ganoderma lucidum and G. applanatum was the antitumor test performed. The fusant F-2 was selected, to examine the cultured mycelia (protein bound polysaccharide) as antitumor components. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day of each components purifed from F-2 fusant was, i.p., injected into ICR mice, the inhibition ratio of Fr. II against the solid form of sarcoma 180 increased to 1.5 times as compared with that of their parents. When Fr. II was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it increased the amount of the superoxide anion in activated macrophages to 1.2 times and the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells in the spleen to 4.3 times as compared with that of each control group. Its chemical analysis showed 85.2% polysaccharide which consisted of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose and xylose, and 0.39% protein of 15 amino acids. The content of hexosamine was 0.39% and the molecular weight of Fr. V was $5.6{\times}10^4$ dalton.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the antiinflammatory activities of taxifolin from Opuntia humifusa. A potent anti-oxidant activity was shown from the leaf extract at $IC_{50}$ value of $38.33{\pm}1.07{\mu}g/mL$ and fruit extract at $IC_{50}$ value of $40.23{\pm}2.21{\mu}g/mL$ by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Fraction of taxifolin from leaf extract identified using high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results of cell viability indicated that taxifolin did not show cytotoxicity on RAW 264.7 cells at $500{\mu}M$ of concentration. The result showed that taxifolin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of Nitrite oxide. In addition, taxifolin inhibited LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 production by cytokine assay and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by western blot analysis, meaning taxifolin has a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Our results suggested that taxifolin from Opuntia humifusa showed anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2020

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of dietary protease on immune responses of weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n = 75; 7.06 ± 0.18 kg BW; 28 d old) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were positive control, a diet with required protein level (PC), negative control, a diet with lower protein level than PC (NC), and NC + 0.02% dietary protease (PRO). The dietary protease used in this experiment was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. The dietary treatments did not contain any ingredients or additives that may provide antibacterial or physiological effects. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments for 6 weeks. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning. Measurements were number of white blood cells (WBC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Pigs fed PRO had lower WBC on d 7 (14.84 vs 20.42 × 10³/μL; p < 0.05) and TNF-α on d 7 (618 vs 889 pg/mL; p = 0.085) and 14 (437 vs 576 pg/mL; p = 0.069) than those fed NC, but there were no differences on WBC and TNF-α between PC and PRO. Pigs fed PRO had lower TGF-β1 on d 3 (630 vs. 1,588 and 1,396 pg/mL; p < 0.05) than those fed PC and NC. However, no differences were found on CRP among dietary treatments. In conclusion, addition of dietary protease reduced inflammatory immune responses of weaned pigs.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 1979

Nonspecific suppressions of the immune responses have been reported to occur in the cancer-bearing patients. The mechanisms responsible for these immunosuppressions remain unclear but some investigators suggested that the immunosuppressions may result from immunosuppressive factors exudated from tumor masses. This study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo effects of ascitic and pleural fluids from patients with cancers metastatic to peritoneum or pleura on the immune responses of mice. Non-cancerous ascitic and pleural effusions were used as controls. The ascitic fluids from hepatomap atients and pleural fluids from pulmonary carcinoma patients decreased both the delayed-type hypersensitivity and the antibody formation only when these were injected before antigenic stimulation. Control effusions exerted no effect on the immune responses to mice. These results suggested that cancerous fluids suppressed the immune responses by affecting the afferent arc of the immune system.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.599-605
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• 2016

Recently, photodynamic and photothermal therapies have received increasing attention as an effective cancer treatment. In this study, a gold nanorod (AuNR) colloidal solution was synthesized as a hyperthermia agent for photothermal therapy and also modified with photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy. PEG (polyethylene glycol) and FA (folic acid) ligand were also introduced into AuNR for the long circulation in human body and efficient targeting of cancer cells, respectively and AuNRs were modified with FA-PEG and poly-${\beta}$-benzyl-L-aspartate (PBLA) block copolymers through a 3,4-dihydroxy hydrocinnamic acid (HCA) linker. A series of AuNRs with various aspect ratios were synthesized by controlling the feeding ratio of $AgNO_3$. The physicochemical property and morphology of synthesized AuNR100 and FA-PEG-$P(Asp)_{50}$-HCA-AuNR100 were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometer, $^1H$ NMR, XPS measurements, TEM. The surface modified AuNR carrier with biocompatibility could be applied for the effective diagnosis as well tumor phototherapy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

Polysaccharides isolated from Korean black raspberry wine were examined for their chemical properties and immuno-modulating activities. The molecular mass of RB-1b-I, the main polysaccharide in black raspberry wine, was estimated as 180 kDa and it contained a significant proportion of mannose (76.8%) and 4 different minor component sugars such as galactose (15.8%), arabinose (3.8%), glucose (2.6%) and rhamnose (1.2%). This indicated that RB-1b-I was mainly present as a mannan, which had originated from the cell walls of fermenting yeasts. On the other hand, RB-1b-I induced high levels of macrophage activation as well as mitogenicity regarding murine splenocytes in vitro. The intravenous administration of RB-1b-I significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor cells. RB-1b-I also showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent manner via both alternative and classical pathways. Results indicated that Korean black raspberry wine contains peculiar polysaccharides which provide beneficial immuno-stimulating activities for human health.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (AEAC), a traditional Korean herb for remedying liver disease, for suppression in the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the liver of rat. Level of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased in the serum of LPS-treated rats compared to normal, however, in the rats pretreated with AEAC, the increase of GOT, GPT and LDH value was arrested. More severe histological changes of liver such as cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, Kupffer cell reaction and inflammatory cells infiltration were demonstrated in the rats challenged with LPS compared with normal. Fewer scores of these changes were observed in rats pretreated with AEAC. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that while the expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-kBp65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 tended to increase, that of inhibitory (I)-kBa was decreased in the hepatocytes of rats challenged with LPS. A slight decline of NF-kBp65, TNF-$\alpha$ and COX-2, but increase of I-kB$\alpha$ were observed in the hepatocytes of the rats pretreated with AEAC. These results suggest that AEAC may act as a therapeutic agent for liver disease through a regulation of inflammation-related proteins.