• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2021

목적: 표면연마와 제작방법이 임시 수복용 레진의 굽힘강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 4가지 제작방법을 이용하여 각각 30개의 임시 수복용 레진 시편을 제작하였고, 기계적 연마로 표면연마를 시행한 그룹과 연마를 시행하지 않은 2개의 그룹으로 나누었다. 시편은 37℃ 항온기에 24시간 보관 후 만능시험기(Universal testing machine)을 이용하여 3점 굽힘강도를 측정하였다. 통계분석은 Two-way ANOVA와 Tukey's HSD test, Paired t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 표면연마 여부와 관계없이 CAD/CAM milling으로 제작한 시편이 가장 높은 굽힘강도를 나타냈고, SLA 3D printing, DLP 3D printing, Conventional method 순으로 높은 굽힘강도를 나타냈다. 결론: 표면연마는 임시 수복용 레진의 굽힘강도에 유의한 영향을 끼치지 못했지만(P > 0.05), 제작방법에 의해서는 굽힘강도의 유의한 차이가 나타났다(P < 0.05).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.379-387
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to compare the casts obtained by using conventional techniques and liquid crystal display (LCD) three-dimensional (3D) print techniques in the All-on-4 treatment concept of the edentulous mandibular jaw. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this study, a completely edentulous mandibular acrylic cast (typodont) with bone-level implants placed with the Allon-4 technique served as a reference cast. In this typodont, impressions were taken with the conventional technique and dental stone casts were obtained. In addition, after scanning the acrylic cast in a dental laboratory scanner and obtaining the Standard Tessellation Language (STL) data, 3D printed casts were manufactured with a 3D printing device based on the design. The stone and 3D printed casts were scanned in the laboratory scanner and STL data were obtained, and then the interimplant distances were measured using Geomagic Control X v2020 (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) analysis software (n = 60). The obtained data were statistically evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's pairwise comparison tests. RESULTS. As a result of the one-way ANOVA test, it was determined that the stone casts, 3D printed casts, and reference cast values in all distance intervals conformed to the normal distribution and these values had a significant difference among them in all distance intervals. In Tukey pairwise comparison test, significant differences were found between casts at all distance intervals. In all analyses, the level of significance was determined as .05. CONCLUSION. 3D printed casts obtained with a 3D LCD printing device can be an alternative to stone casts when implants are placed in edentulous jaws. [J Adv Prosthodont 2022;14:379-87]

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hemispherical dimple structures on the retention of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) crowns cemented to titanium abutments, with different heights and numbers of dimples on the axial walls. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 3.0-mm and 6.0-mm abutments (N = 180) and Co-Cr crowns were prepared. The experimental groups were divided into two and four dimple groups. The crowns were cemented by TempBond and PANAVIA F 2.0 cements. The retention forces were measured after thermal treatments. A two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey HSD test were conducted to analyze change in retention forces by use of dimples between groups, as well as t test for the effect of abutment height change (α = .05). RESULTS. Results of the two-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in retention force due to the use of dimples, regardless of the types of cements used (P < .001). A significantly higher mean retention forces were observed in the groups with dimples than in the control group, using the post hoc Tukey HSD test (P < .001). Results of t test displayed a statistically significant increase in the retention force with 6.0-mm abutments compared with 3.0-mm abutments (P < .001). The groups without dimples revealed adhesive failure of cements, while the groups with dimples showed mixed failure of cements. CONCLUSION. Use of hemispherical dimples was effective for increasing retention forces of cemented crowns.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.260-268
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• 2017

목적: 치과 보철물을 적층 가공 기술로 제작하는 것은 많은 이점이 있으나 아직까지 연구 결과 부족으로 인하여 임상에서 널리 적용되고 있지 못하는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 디지털 광학 기술 방식의 적층 가공 기술을 이용하여 제작한 치과 보철물에 있어서 재료에 따라 굴곡강도에 유의한 차이가 있는지 연구하기로 한다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 3유닛 고정성 보철 형태의 시편 제작을 위한 금속 지그를 제작하였다. 지그에 맞게 시편을 디자인하였다. 디자인 한 시편에 대하여 NC, DP-1, DT-1의 세 가지 재료로 디지털 광학 기술 방식의 출력을 하였다. 각 재료마다 5개의 시편을 제작하되 출력 각도를 수평면에 $30^{\circ}$로 하였다. 시편을 지그 위에 안착시키고 만능시험기로 굴곡강도를 측정하고 기록하였다. 기록한 데이터는 SPSS 상에서 일원배치분산분석법을 통하여 재료에 따른 파절 강도 차이의 유의성을 조사하였다. 사후 검정(Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test)은 그룹 간의 통계적 차이를 비교하여 시행되었으며 통계적 유의수준은 0.05로 하였다. 결과: 각 군들의 굴곡강도는 NC군은 $1119{\pm}305N$로 나타났고 DP-1군은 $619{\pm}150N$, DT-1군은 $413{\pm}65N$로 측정되었다. SPSS를 사용한 일원배치분산분석법 및 Tukey HSD에서는 NC와 DP-1, NC와 DT-1사이에 유의한 차이를 보였으며(P < 0.05), DP-1과 DT-1사이에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P > 0.05). 결론: 디지털 광학 기술 방식으로 3D프린팅을 하여 제작한 3유닛 고정성 보철 형태의 레진 보철물에 있어서 메타크릴산 에스텔 재료가 높은 굴곡강도를 보여주었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.737-744
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• 2005

This study was aimed to provide the measurement data and shape classification of the head of the Korean male children for the headwear sizing systems. Five hundred twenty male children, aged nine to twelve years, participated f3r this study. The 17 regions on the head and height, weight of the subjects were directly measured by the expert experimenters. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, GLM analysis and Tukey HSD test were performed using these data. Through factor analysis, low factors were extracted upon factor scores and those factors comprised $69.76\%$ for the total variances. Three clusters as their head shape were categorized using four factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was characterized by the widest width and Bitragion arc, shortest head length. Type 2 had the longest head length and the widest side width and the highest head length and head circumference. Type 3 was characterized by the smallest head circumstance, head width and side width, and medium head length.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.591-595
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• 2012

We frequently use Tukey's boxplot to identify outliers in the batch of observations of the continuous variable. In doing so, we implicitly assume that the underlying distribution belongs to the family of normal distributions. Such a practice of data handling is often superficial and improper, since in reality too many variables manifest the skewness. In this short paper, we build a modified boxplot and set the outlier identification procedure by assuming that the observations are generated from the skew normal distribution (Azzalini, 1985), which is an extension of the normal distribution. Statistical performance of the proposed procedure is examined with simulated datasets.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2003

Purpose : The purpose of this study investigated the relationship between nurses' organizational commitment and their demographic characteristics. Method : The sample for this study consisted 356 nurses from 6 hospital at Seoul and Kyung Gi province, in Korea The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire developed by Mowday was used. The Pearson correlation coefficient, Tukey's Studentized Range Test were used for the statistical analysis by SAS program. Result : The Study was found that 1) The mean of nurses' Organizational Commitment was 3.01. 2) The Organizational Commitment was positive correlation with age, career and position of the whole nurses, but it was different from each hospital. 3) There was significant positive correlations among nurses' age, career, position and organizational commitment of nurses. 4) But the correlations between nurses' organizational commitment and religion, marrital status, nurses' age, career, position were different from each hospital. Conclusion : Therefore before each hospital want to improve it's own nurses' organizational commitment, hospital managers have to find factors which influence to the nurses' organizational commitment directly, indirectly.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.543-556
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• 2015

We present a survey of contributions that defined the nature and extent of robust statistics for the last 50 years. From the pioneering work of Tukey, Huber, and Hampel that focused on robust location parameter estimation, we presented various generalizations of these estimation procedures that cover a wide variety of models and data analysis methods. Among these extensions, we present linear models, clustered and dependent observations, times series data, binary and discrete data, models for spatial data, nonparametric methods, and forward search methods for outliers. We also present the current interest in robust statistics and conclude with suggestions on the possible future direction of this area for statistical science.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.339-352
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• 1997

소표본으로부터 형성되는 2원 분할표에는 빈도가 작은 칸들이 적지 않기 때문에 대표본이론에 근거한 카이제곱 검증 등 기존 통계적 방법의 적용이 적절하지 않응 수가 있다. 이런 경우에 한 대안으로서 정확검증법(exact tests)이 개발되어 있으나 이것이 너무 많은 계산을 요구하므로 사용하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구는 소표본 2원 분할표에서, 단순한 몬테칼로 알로리즘에 의한 행 균일성 가설의 카이제곱 임의화 검증법(randomization test)을 제안하고 튜키(Tukey) 형의 행간 다중비교법을 제안한다. 아울러 열 범주가 순서형인 2원 분할표에 대하여도 유사한 방법론을 적용할 수 있음을 밝힌다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2016

PURPOSE. This study inspects the effect of incorporating halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin on its flexural strength, hardness, and Young's modulus. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four groups of acrylic resin powder were prepared. One group without HNTs was used as a control group and the other three groups contained 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 wt% HNTs. For each one, flexural strength, Young's modulus and hardness values were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for comparison (P<.05). RESULTS. At lower concentration (0.3 wt%) of HNT, there was a significant increase of hardness values but no significant increase in both flexural strength and Young's modulus values of PMMA resin. In contrast, at higher concentration (0.6 and 0.9 wt%), there was a significant decrease in hardness values but no significant decrease in flexural strength and Young's modulus values compared to those of the control group. CONCLUSION. Addition of lower concentration of halloysite nanotubes to denture base materials could improve some of their mechanical properties. Improving the mechanical properties of acrylic resin base material could increase the patient satisfaction.