• 제목/요약/키워드: true digestibility

검색결과 74건 처리시간 0.019초

심각한 열스트레스에 의한 육성기 거세한우의 사료 소화율 변화 탐색 및 유지를 위한 에너지 요구량 설정 연구 (A Study on Changes in Feed Digestibility and Establishment of Energy Requirement for Maintenance of Growing Hanwoo Steers under Severe Heat Stress)

  • 조유경;최성호;한옥규;박정현;최창원
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제50권5호
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    • pp.163-172
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    • 2016
  • 우리는 심각한 열스트레스 및 서로 다른 사료 에너지 급여가 사료 소화율 변화에 미치는 영향과 심각한 열스트레스 조건에서 유지를 위한 에너지 요구량을 설정하기 위해 한우 육성기 거세우 4두(평균체중 200±11.7kg)를 이용하였다. 사료 처리는 서로 다른 에너지 공급을 위해 4 시험구(TDN 기준, 쾌적한 상태 하에서 한국사양표준 한우 육성우 에너지 요구량의 100%(대조구), 심각한 열스트레스 하에서 에너지 100%(E100), 115%(E115), 130%(E130)로 나누어 4×4 라틴 방각법으로 수행하였다. 온도 및 습도에 노출한 열스트레스 조건을 위해 대조구는 쾌적한 온습도지수(THI)=71.5, 나머지 3개 처리구는 THI=81.4로 심각한 스트레스 수준으로 설정하였다. 심각한 열스트레스는 진정 건물소화율을 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소시켰으며(대조구 81.5 vs E100 79.1, E115 77.0 및 E130 76.0%), 사료에너지 공급 수준의 증가는 건물소화율의 감소를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 심각한 열스트레스 및 서로 다른 사료 에너지 급여 수준은 혈중 생리대사물질 함량 및 체온 변화에 유의적인 영향을 미치진 않았다(p>0.05). 본 연구를 통해 심각한 열스트레스 하에서 육성기 한우거세우의 유지를 위한 에너지 요구량은 Y=0.235X+115.03과 같은 산정식으로 계산될 수 있으며, 이러한 결과는 육성기 한우거세우에게 열스트레스 하에서 체중변화없는 유지 에너지 요구량을 만족시키기 위해서는 현재 한국사양표준 대비, 사료에너지 15.03%를 더 공급해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Effect of Sodium Nitrate and Nitrate Reducing Bacteria on In vitro Methane Production and Fermentation with Buffalo Rumen Liquor

  • Sakthivel, Pillanatham Civalingam;Kamra, Devki Nandan;Agarwal, Neeta;Chaudhary, Chandra
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.812-817
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    • 2012
  • Nitrate can serve as a terminal electron acceptor in place of carbon dioxide and inhibit methane emission in the rumen and nitrate reducing bacteria might help enhance the reduction of nitrate/nitrite, which depends on the type of feed offered to animals. In this study the effects of three levels of sodium nitrate (0, 5, 10 mM) on fermentation of three diets varying in their wheat straw to concentrate ratio (700:300, low concentrate, LC; 500:500, medium concentrate, MC and 300:700, high concentrate, HC diet) were investigated in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor as inoculum. Nitrate reducing bacteria, isolated from the rumen of buffalo were tested as a probiotic to study if it could help in enhancing methane inhibition in vitro. Inclusion of sodium nitrate at 5 or 10 mM reduced (p<0.01) methane production (9.56, 7.93 vs. 21.76 ml/g DM; 12.20, 10.42 vs. 25.76 ml/g DM; 15.49, 12.33 vs. 26.86 ml/g DM) in LC, MC and HC diets, respectively. Inclusion of nitrate at both 5 and 10 mM also reduced (p<0.01) gas production in all the diets, but in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of feed reduced (p<0.05) only in LC and MC diets. In the medium at 10 mM sodium nitrate level, there was 0.76 to 1.18 mM of residual nitrate and nitrite (p<0.01) also accumulated. In an attempt to eliminate residual nitrate and nitrite in the medium, the nitrate reducing bacteria were isolated from buffalo adapted to nitrate feeding and introduced individually (3 ml containing 1.2 to $2.3{\times}10^6$ cfu/ml) into in vitro incubations containing the MC diet with 10 mM sodium nitrate. Addition of live culture of NRBB 57 resulted in complete removal of nitrate and nitrite from the medium with a further reduction in methane and no effect on IVTD compared to the control treatments containing nitrate with autoclaved cultures or nitrate without any culture. The data revealed that nitrate reducing bacteria can be used as probiotic to prevent the accumulation of nitrite when sodium nitrate is used to reduce in vitro methane emissions.

양계사료의 TME 측정에 영향하는 요인에 관한 시험 III. 분채집시간과 가용성 탄수화물의 급이가 내인성 에너지 손실에 미치는 영향 (Factors Affecting True Metabolizable Energy Determination of Poultry Feedingstuffs III. Effects of excreta collecting period and of feeding of soluble carbohydrates on metabolic and endogenous energy losses)

  • 이영철;강도환
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 1983
  • 본 시험은 분채취시간 및 Corn Starch, Glucose Mixture (Starch (50) + Glucose (50))의 급이가 성웅계의 내인성에너지 (FEm+UEe) 손실에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. Period II(24-28hr)의 분배설량, 에너지량과 N 손실량은 Period I(0-24hr)의 경우보다 높았으나 유의차 (P=.05)는 없었다. 2. 체중(X)과 분배설량, 에너지 및 N 손실량 (Y) 간에는 유의차 상관관계는 발견되지 않았는데 (P>.05) 이는 체중이 내인성에너지 (FEm+UEe) 손실에 영향하지 않는다는 사실을 뒷받침하는 것이었다. 3 Glucose, Mixture 급이구는 절식구에 비하여 분배설량, 에너지 및 N 손실량이 현저하게 감소하였다. (P<.05). 4. Corn Starch 급이구의 분배지량, N 손실량은 절식구에 비해 유의적 (P<.05)으로 감소했으나 내인성에너지 손실량은 두 구간 유의차가 없었다. (P>.05) 이는 Corn Starch의 Apparent Digestibility가 Glucose, Mixture구 보다 낮았음을 지적하는 것이다. 5. 급이구의 N 손실량은 절식구에 비하여 현저히 감소한 사실은 탄수화물 급이가 절식동안 조직의 이화작용에 의한 에너지 손실의 일부를 보완하는 것으로 생각된다.

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제1위 섬모충(rumen ciliates)을 이용한 동물성 단백질(치어용 사료) 개발 (Development of animal protein(feed for fry) utilizing the rumen ciliates)

  • 지차호;현공율
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 1995
  • This study was carried out to develop the animal protein(feed for fry) that was isolated, purified and lyophilized the rumen ciliates from the healthy rumen contents which have $10^5-10^6/g$ ciliates and were discarded in abattoirs. The rumen ciliates are non-pathogenic, anaerobic and the weight of this protozoa is 2% of rumen content. The rumen protozoan and bacterial proteins both have a biological value for rats of 80-81, which is higher than the 72 of brewer's yeasts. Furthermore, the true digestibility and net protein utility of the protozoan protein are 91 and 73, much higher than those of bacterial(74 and 60) or yeast(84 and 60) proteins. The amino acids of rumen protozoa is nutritionally superior than the others. The size of rumen ciliates is $30-200{\times}20-110{\mu}m$ and so we had isolated and purified the rumen ciliates from the rumen contents by the physical methods. The purified rumen protozoa was lyophilized with freezing dryer. The results of this experiment were as follows : 1. Population dynamics of protozoan ciliates in slaughtered rumens; % of samples which small ciliates were predominated was 82.5%(52/63) and that of large ciliates was 17.5%(11/63). 1) predominant species of small ciliates were Entodinium ovinum and E nanellum. 2) predominant species of large ciliates were Epidinium ecaudatum and Diploplastron affine. 2. The lyophilized rumen ciliates which were isolated and purified from 1 kg of rumen content at the pH 6.2-6.8 was about 7.0 gram. 3. The nutrient analysis of lyophilized rqmen ciliates(LRC) was as follows: 1) Proximate analysis of the LRC and the composition of fry feed; moisture 8.05%(below 10.0), protein 35.37%(45), fat 5.39%(4.5), fiber 1.23%(below 2.5), ash 2.25%(below 15.0), Ca 0.26%(below 2.0), P 0.14%(below 1.1), energy 4,608.11(fish meal 5000 cal/g) 2) Amino acids (% in crude protein) of the LRC and the rotifer(Brachionus plicatilis); Arg 5.19%(4.50), His 2.50%(1.55), Ile 5.29%(3.45), Leu 8.11%(5.85), Lys 10.34%(6.15), Met 2.25% (0.85), Phe 5.66%(3.80), Thr 5.14% (3.45), Val 4.18%(3.90), Ala 4.13%(3.35), Asp 13.26%(8.25), Glu 16.62%(9.20), Gly 4.23%(3.10), Pro 3.25%(5.05), Ser 4.85%(3.85), Tyr 5.04%(3.05) 3) Fatty acids(% in fat) of the LRC and the rotifer(biological feed ; Brachionus plicatilis); myristic acid(C14:0) 3.27%(0.3), myristoleic acid(C14:1) 0.83%(-), palmitic acid(C16:0) 39.11% (23.5), palmitoleic acid(C16:1) 2.81%(2.0), stearic acid(C18:0) 9.36%(5.6), oleic acid(C18:1) 25.54%(3.5), linoleic acid(C18:2) 15.05%(32.9), linolenic acid(C18:3) 1.74%(9.8). Judging from the above investigated results, the analytical data of proximate analysis, amino acids, fatty acids of the purified and lyophilized rumen protozoa are reasonable for the feed of freshwater fishes(fry and fingerling). But it was disappointed of our expectation that the crude protein of lyophilized rumen ciliates contains low percentage, it was thought that because of the small ciliates(starch digester) in beef cattle rumens which were administered the concentrated feed, is much difficult to isolate and purify than the large ciliates(fiber digester).

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