• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

Bio-filtration utilizes microorganisms fixed to a porous medium to metabolize pollutants present in an air stream. The microorganisms grow in a bio-film on the surface of a medium or are suspended in the water phase surrounding the medium particles. Therefore, bio-filter support media play one of the most important key roles in bio-filtration of gas phase pollutants. To characterize and select the appropriate support media, gas adsorption capacity and microorganism immobilization were investigated in lab-scale experiments for the selected target support media which were compost I (compost from lab-scale process), compost II (compost from municipal facility), bark, wood chip, orchid stone and vermiculite. As odor materials, ammonia and trimethylamine were utilized. From the result of experiments, bark was superior to any other support media tested in adsorption capacity as much as 12.5 mg ammonia per 1 g bark. In trimethylamine adsorption, bark and wood chip showed a remarkable results of 21.1 and 14.1 mg/g respectively. On the other hand, microorganism fixation test determined by the count of nitrogen oxidizing microbes population, the compost II and wood chips showed the best results. Considering the characteristics of materials and the operating condition of the bio-filter, bark, wood chip, and compost II are applicable to the support media of bio-filter when they are appropriately blended on the basis of studying the media pH, packing porosity and moisture contents.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1982

오분자기의 정미성분에 관한 자료를 얻고자 핵산관연물질, 유리아미노산, TMAO, TMA 및 총creatinine을 분석하였다. 핵산관련물중 AMP가 가장 많아서 $2.21{\mu}mole/g$이었으며 IMP와 inosine은 흔적량이었다. 유리아미노산중 함양이 많은 것은 taurine, arginine 및glycine으로 이들 3종 아미노산이 전유리아미노산의 $79.3\%$를 차지하였으며 tyrosine과 phenyl alanine은 흔적량이었다. TMAO, TMA 및 총 creatinine의 사양은 각각 $5.4mg\%,\;1.0mg\%$, 그리고 $5.0mg\%$ 였다. Omission test 결과 오분자기의 정미성분은 유리아미노산이 그 주체를 이루고 여기에 유기산과 핵산관련물질이 보조적인 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

Primary fish-odor syndrome (FOS) is a genetic disorder caused by defective flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 3 gene (FMO3) with deficient N-oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA), causing trimethylaminuria (TMAU). By contrast, secondary FOS can be acquired by decreased FMO activities in patients with chronic liver diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we examined plasma NOx concentrations and viral DNA contents as well as in vivo FMO activities and their correlations in chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) patients. Plasma concentration of NOx was significantly increased by 2.1 fold $(56.2{\pm}26.5\;vs.\;26.6{\pm}5.4\;{\mu}M,\;p<0.01)$, and it was positively correlated with plasma hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA contents $(r^2=0.2838,\;p=0.0107)$. Furthermore, the elevated plasma NOx values were inversely and significantly correlated with in vivo FMO activities detected by ranitidine-challenged test $(8.3%\;vs.\;20.0%,\;r^2=0.2109,\;p=\0.0315)$. TMA N-oxidation activities determined in CVH patients without challenge test were also significantly low (73.6% vs. 95.7%, p< 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that secondary FOS could be acquired by the endogenously elevated NO in patients with CVH.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.214-218
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• 1985

서울 근교의 유통과정에서 생선 및 생선 통조림을 선발하여 히스타민, 총 휘발성 염기 및 트리메틸아민의 함량을 계절에 따라 조사하였다. 생선의 경우 히스타민은 육중에 $1.7{\sim}6.0mg\%$을 함유하였고 계절에 따른 차는 별로 나타나지 않았으나 10월에 구입한 염장 고등어가 $11.2mg\%$으로 가장 높았다. 총 휘발성 염기는 계절에 관계없이 $17{\sim}40mg\%$로 비교적 유사한 값을 보였고 트리메틸아민도 $3.5{\sim}7.0mg\%$으로 시료에 따라 큰 차이가 없었다. 생선 통조림의 경우 10월에 구입한 고등어 통조림에서 히스타민 $19.6mg\%$, 총 휘발성 염기 $56.3mg\%$, 트리메틸아민 $8.4mg\%$로서 다른 제품에 비해 약간 높은 경향을 보였으나 시료와 계절에 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 결론으로 서울 지방에서 현재 유통되는 생선 및 생선 통조림은 히스타민과 관련되는 독성 문제는 없는 것으로 판단 되었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2015

음이온 교환막의 치환체 특성을 파악하기 위하여 탄화수소의 분자구조가 다른 세 종류의 음이온 교환기를 vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) base 막에 도입하였다. 지방족계로 trimethylamine (TMA), 고리형계로 N-methylpiperidine (MP), 방향족계로 pyridine (Py)은 아민화 반응을 통하여 도입되었다. 각각의 반응속도는 막저항(MER)과 이온교환능력(IEC) 변화의 관측으로부터 Py < MP < TMA의 순서로 반응하고 있음을 보여주었다. 한편 SEM image에서는 Py 치환체 막이 가장 균일하고 치밀한 구조를 보여주었으며, 전기화학적 특성에서도 Py이 상용막(AMX)과 비슷한 막저항($5.0{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ >, in 0.5 mol/L NaCl)을 나타내었다. 이 모든 결과로부터 치환체의 공명구조는 균질한 이온교환막의 제조에 기여하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.882-887
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• 1996

홍합과 바지락의 건조 및 저장조건에 따른 핵산 및 그 관련물질과 유기염류의 함량변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 홍합과 바지락 모두에서 ATP, ADP, AMP, inosine, adenosine 및 hypoxanthine의 6성분을 분석하였다. 홍합과 바지락 모두 생시료의 경우 adenosine의 함량이 높았으며, 건조 및 저장에 의해 ATP, ADP 및 AMP의 함량은 감소하고 inosone 및 hypoxanthine의 함량은 증가하였다. 그리고, TMAO, TMA및 총 creatinine의 함량은 두 시료 모두 함량이 아주 낮았으며, 건조 및 저장에 의해 TMAO 및 총 creatinine의 함량은 감소한 반면 TMA의 함량은 증가하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1329-1339
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data needed to identify the impact of the odor, emitted from the Ochang Scientific Industrial Complex area on the surrounding residential areas by measuring and confirming odor compounds. The analysis showed that complex odors were diluted from around 4 to 1. The offensive odor measurement results showed that among the sites, site 1 was highest in sulfur compounds, site 2 was highest in toluene, site 3 was highest in trimethylamine, and site 4 was highest in buthylaldehyde. It cannot be decided to be odor-causing compounds for higher odor concentration because each odor substance has a different odor threshold value. According to the odor contribution analysis for each site, site 1, site 2, and site 4 contained high buthylaldehyde concentrations, and site 3 had a high level of trimethylamine. It could be determined that highly evaluated substances were main causes to result in substance for each site.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.837-840
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• 2017

We developed a method to rapidly evaluate the freshness of fish using a sensor gas chromatography (SGC) system. Mackerel Scomber japonicus was stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 12 days to create an environment similar to the natural decomposition process. Trimethylamine (TMA) content in mackerel muscle was measured at 3-day intervals using a spectrophotometer. The gas-phase concentration of TMA in whole mackerel was also determined using an SGC system. The muscle TMA content increased over time during storage, as did the gas-phase concentration of TMA. Therefore, this study demonstrated that an SGC system can be used to rapidly measure the gas-phase concentration of TMA in fish during processing.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.735-739
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to measure pH, trimethylamine (TMA), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) as indicators of freshness during largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus storage, and to compare these indicators with those obtained by the sensory evaluation of quality index method (QIM) sensory evaluation. Largehead hairtail samples were stored at 4℃ and evaluated every 3 days until decay. The QIM sensory evaluation indicated scores of 0, 8.9, and 20 on storage days 0, 6, and 20, respectively. By day 15, the samples were completely decayed. The pH slowly increased during the storage period, reaching a maximum of 7.4. In the day 6, TMA and TVB-N contents were 2.97 and 15.57 mg/100 g, respectively. Thus, at 4℃, the largehead hairtail starts to decay after 6 days and, after 9 days, cannot be consumed safely

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.761-765
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• 2009

The effects of probiotic bacteria on the functional properties of squid by-products were investigated during fermentation. Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici were used to ferment the squid by-products for 96 hr at $37^{\circ}C$. The numbers of all probiotics increased to $10^7-10^8$ CFU/g after 96 hr fermentation. No substantial pH changes were observed. L. rhamnosus and P. acidilactici showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) secreted from B cells increased after adding the extracts of probiotic-fermented squid by-products. The human NK cells were grown well in the B cell-growing broth cultured with the extracts of squid by-products fermented by L. rhamnosus and P. acidilactici. Trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) contents were significantly decreased after probiotic-fermentation. Therefore, L. rhamnosus GG and P. acidilactici can be used for the fermentation of squid by-products and their use would provide benefits in functional food products.