• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the change of blood compositions by age in Hanwoo, and a total of 866 of Hanwoo, which consisted with 638 of steer and 228 of bulls, were used to measure serum concentrations. A multiple regression equation was estimated with collection age and blood composition as independent and dependent variables, respectively. Complicated regression equations for blood compositions in steer and bulls were IGF-I(cubic), calcium (linear), and IP(linear). Linear and cubic equations were fitted to testosterone in steer and creatinine in bulls, respectively. A cubic equation in steer and linear equation in bulls were fitted to HDLC. Equations of quadratic in steer and cubic in bulls were fitted to concentration of triglyceride, globulin, and A/G ratio. BUN was fitted by equations of cubic in steer and quadratic in bulls. TP and albumin were fitted by equations of quadratic in steer and linear in bulls. A cubic regression equation did not explain the change of cortisol by age in steer and bulls. A cubic regression equation did explain the change of glucose by age in steer, but not in bulls. Higher R-square values (R-SQUARE>0.1) were estimated to IGF-1, albumin, creatinine, Inorganic phosphorous(IP) and HDLC in steer, and testosterone, IGF-I, TP, albumin, glucose, creatinine, IP, and HDLC in bulls for the fitted regression equations of blood compositions. Therefore, IGF-I, albumin, creatinine, IP, and HDLC were regarded as comparatively large variation by age in steer and bulls.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of lipid metabolism on male Sprague Dawley rats given porphyran diet extracted from Porphyra yezoensis for 4 weeks. We divided into 5 diet groups which were normal diet, control diet fed high fat, cholesterol and sodium cholate, control and 1% porphyran diet (1% PD), control and 5% porphyran diet (5% PD), control and 10% of porphyran diet (10% PD). Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly different between control and porphyran diet. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in porphyran diet groups than control group. However, serum HDL-cholesterol contents increased by the addition of porphyran in experimental diet. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were proportionally decreased by the addition of porphyran in control diet compared to control diet. A number of lipid particles were shown in liver tissue of control group and the same appearance was shown in the group fed with 1% porphyran diet, whereas lipid particles was reduced in the group fed with 5% and 10% porphyran diet compared to control group. Especially, liver tissue of 10% porphyran diet group was shown similar appearance to normal diet group. These results indicated that supplementation of porphyran in hyperlipidemic rats has an effect on the improvement of serum lipids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.828-834
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• 2006

We investigated whether two-kinds of mixture (NHDT-1 and NHDT-2) mainly composed of Hovenia dulcis Thunb had beneficial actions for alcohol and acetaldehyde degradation in acute alcohol treatment and liver protection from fatty liver induced by chronic alcohol administration. In acute alcohol degradation experiment, serum alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations exhibited lower 1, 3 and 5 hours after taking 3 g ethanol per kg body weight in NHDT-1 treated rats, but not NHDT-2 including ginseng. On the contrast to the acute effect on alcohol degradation, the long-term alcohol administration revealed that NHDT-2, not NHDT-1, protected the increase in serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotrasferase and ${\gamma}-triglyceride$ metabolism similar to the rats not consuming alcohol, leading to decreased triglyceride accumulation in blood and liver. In liver morphological study, NHDT-1 preserved the regular hepatocyte morphology, decreased fat accumulation and reduced sinusoidal leukocyte infiltration in hepatocytes. In conclusion, NHDT-1 plays an important role in alcohol and acetaldehyde degradation without protecting liver damage while NHDT-2 works as hepatocyte protector from alcohol mediated damage.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.66-69
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to study barley sprout powder's effect on blood lipids in women in their 50s. Methods: For 18 months of ingesting 3 grams of barley sprout powder daily, and the changes were investigated before and after the blood tests every six months. Results: The systolic blood pressure decreased from 107 mmHg for the first test to 91 for the fourth test. Diastolic blood pressure dropped from 69 mmHg to 49 mmHg at the first test. Abdominal circumference decreased from 84 cm at the first measurement to 78 cm at the fourth round. Fasting glucose and HDL were not affected. Total cholesterol was significantly refused from 264 mg/dl in the first measurement to 172 mg/dl in the fourth measurement. The first measurement of triglycerides in 2018 was 179 mg/dl, and it was highly reduced at the fourth measurements to 80 mg/dl. The first measurement of LDL was 182 mg/dl, and the fourth was a high decrease to 97 mg/ dl. Conclusions: After the women in the 50s ingesting sprout barley for 18 months, the overall improvements were shown by reducing significantly with fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, blood triglyceride, and LDL concentrations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2002

The effects of Cordyceps militaris on weight gain, flood intakes, flood efficiency ratios, serum and hepatic lipid concentrations, serum protein levels and serum enzyme activities, were studied in adult male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats, 35 weeks old, were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of five weeks: either a normal diet(5% com oil), a high fat diet(5% com oil + 15% lard). a CF diet (high fat diet + 3% Suiting body of cordyceps militaris), or a CM diet (high fat diet + 3% mycelium of cordyceps military). The body weight gains, hepatic weights and food efficiency ratios of the rats find (high fat) diets with CF and CM were significantly decreased compared with those find the high fat diet, but were similar to those find the normal diet. The concentrations of serum and hepatic triglycerides, and hepatic total lipids and cholesterol, of rats given CF or CM diets were significantly lower than those given the high fat diet. But the concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, phopholipid and total protein in the serum of rats find the high fat, CF or CM diets were significantly higher than those find the normal diet. In the serum of the rats find the CF diet, the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio was significantly higher but the atherogenic index was significantly lower than those fed the high fat diet. The alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of the rats find the high fat, CF, and CM diets was more significantly decreased compared to rats on the normal dirt. No differences were noted in the weights of the pancreas, kidney and heart, the serum concentrations of glucose, hemoglobin and albumin, and the activities of GOT, GPT and ${\gamma}$-GTP, among the rats on all the experimental diets. In conclusion, the rats find the Cf or CM diets maintained normal body and hepatic weights. Despite of the high intake of fats in the CF and CM diets, the concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased in the liver, also, the concentration of triglycerides was decreased in the serum.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

Obesity can be defined as a metabolic disease due to an increased fat accumulation in the body caused by an imbalance of calorie intake and output The prevalence of obesity has increased substantially over the past 2-3 decades in developed and developing countries. The health impact of weight gain is so marked that obesity has now been classified as a major global public health problem In order to investigate the effect of diet conversion and oral administration of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts on the treatment of obesity, male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a group converted to normal diet (Control group), a group maintained high fat (30%) diet (H), and two groups with Platycodon grandiflorum extract added to the previously mentioned two groups. All animals were fed high fat diet for 7 weeks to induce the obesity. Then they were divided as mentioned above. Animals were fed experimental diet and Platycodon grandiflorum extract (150 mg/ml/rat/day) for 7 weeks. Body weight, adipose tissue weight (subcutaneous, epididymal, peritoneal fat pads) and serum lipids (total cholesterol and triglyceride) showed some differences among groups. The Platycodon grandiflorum feeding markedly decreased both body weight and adipose tissue weight in control group compared to H, high fat diet maintaining, group. Platycodon grandiflorum extracts significantly decreased the concentrations of serum lipids compared to H group. Fat cell numbers and sizes were significantly reduced in the oriental medicinal herb extract administrated group. Increased fatty acid binding protein (FABP) expression in high fat diet group was decreased by the dietary conversion to normal diet and the oral administration of Platycodon glandiflorum extracts. In contrast, there was no significant effect on FABP expression in the high fat maintenance group. In this study, the conversion from high fat diet to low fat or normal diet had a beneficial effect on body weight loss and serum lipid profiles. Dietary Platycodon glandiflorum extracts had an additive beneficial effect on the prevention and treatment of obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1414-1419
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• 2009

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of trivalent chromium from different sources on growth, carcass composition, and serum parameters in finishing pigs. Ninety-six crossbred pigs with an initial average body weight of 65.57${\pm}$1.05 kg were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to four treatments with three replicates. Pigs were offered one of four diets including a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ chromium from either chromium chloride ($CrCl_{3}$), chromium picolinate (CrPic) or chromium nanocomposite (CrNano) for 40 days. After completion of the feeding trial, eight pigs from each treatment were selected to collect blood samples, and slaughtered to measure carcass composition. The results showed that supplemental chromium had no significant effect on growth performance, while CrNano increased carcass lean proportion and loin Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05), and decreased carcass fat proportion and 10th rib backfat depth (p<0.05). CrPic supplementation also resulted in lower fat proportion and larger Longissimus muscle area (p<0.05). The addition of Cr from CrNano or CrPic decreased serum glucose (p<0.05) and increased concentrations of total protein and free fat acid in serum (p<0.05). Serum urea nitrogen, triglyceride and cholesterol were decreased (p<0.05), and serum high density lipoprotein and lipase activity were increased (p<0.05) with the supplementation of CrNano. Serum insulin was decreased (p<0.05) by supplemental Cr from CrNano or CrPic, and serum insulin-like growth factor I was increased significantly in the CrNano treated group. These results suggest that chromium nanocomposite has higher efficacy on carcass composition in pigs compared to the traditional chromium sources.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2009

In hypertriglyceridaemic individuals, atherosclerogenesis is associated with the increased concentrations of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and VLDL-associated remnant particles. In vitro studies have suggested that VLDL induces foam cells formation. To reveal the changes of the proteins expression in the process of foam cells formation induced by VLDL, we performed a proteomic analysis of the foam cells based on the stimulation of differentiated THP-1 cells with VLDL. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis, 14 differentially expressed proteins, containing 8 up-regulated proteins and 6 down-regulated proteins were identified. The proteins are involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, such as adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP), enolase, S100A11, heat shock protein 27 and so on. In addition, the expression of some selected proteins was confirmed by Western blot and RT-PCR analysis. The results suggest that VLDL not only induces lipid accumulation, but also brings about foam cells diverse characteristics by altering the expression of various proteins.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.657-663
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• 2012

Muscle strength and endurance activities of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer; KG) were compared with those of wild simulated cultivation ginseng (WCG) in mice. Fifty male ICR mice were divided into five groups: A (vehicle); B (WCG 100 mg/kg); C (WCG 500 mg/kg); D (KG 100 mg/kg); E (KG 500 mg/kg). Subsequently, the mice were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST) and treadmill test at the $4^{th}$ and $7^{th}$ weeks. The glycogen content in the muscle and blood analysis (levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG), IGF-1) were also performed immediately after the last FST and treadmill test at the $7^{th}$ week. Immobility times in FST were shorter in WCG- than KG-treated groups, and the results of the treadmill tests were also significant except for KG-treated at 100 mg/kg. The glycogen content was increased in both groups with a peak at 500 mg/kg of WCG groups. Serum concentrations of TG and glucose were decreased by administration of KG and WCG and all treated groups showed increase in the level of IGF-1 in serum. These results suggest that KG and WCG supplementations are effective in escalating the muscle strength and endurance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 1996

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary levels of chromium in the form of chromium picolinate on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, serum traits, and in vitro lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues of Arbor Acre broiler chicks. Experimental diets containing six different levels of chromium (0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppb) were fed for 6 weeks. Individual treatment had six replicates of eight birds each and their average initial weight was 59.2 g. Dietary addition of chromium did not affect growth performance and nutrient utilizability. However, mortality appeared to be reduced with addition of chromium to the diet. It was obvious that chromium supplementation significantly decreased serum cholesterol and increased serum HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), but serum insulin, glucose, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were inconsistent among dietary supplementation levels of chromium. The in vitro lipolysis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues were significantly influenced by dietary addition of chromium (p < 0.05). Chicks fed diets containing 200 or 400 ppb chromium showed the highest protein content and the lowest fat content in their carcass.