• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.338-346
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine nutrient intakes, food and daily habits, and serum lipids for female college students. The subjects consisted of 70 female college students aged 20 to 29 years old. Their dietary intakes were assessed by means of 24 hour dietary recall method. Food models and other measuring tools were also used. Concentrations of serum lipids were measured. The energy intake of the subjects averaged 1837Kcal, whereas the expended energy was 1871Kcal. The subjects consumed 310g of carbohydrates, 66g protien, 37g lipid, 14mg iron, 586mg calcium, 513R.E. vitamin A, 1.0mg vitamin B1, 1.3mg vitamin B2 1.5mg niacin, and 69mg vitamin C, respectively. Vitamin A and iron intakes were lower than the RDA. The percentages of total calorie from carbohydrate, fat, and protein were 67%, 18%, 14%, showing desirable calorie construction. The mean serum triglyceride(TG), cholesterol (Chol), HDL-Chol and LDC-Chol concentrations were 72.4mg/dl, 161.3mg/dl, 44.5mg/dl, and 102.3mg/dl, respectively. All of these values seem to fall in the desirable range. There were positive correlations between serum Chol and HDL-Chol or LDL-Chol or TG ; negative correlations between serum Chol and HDL-Chol/LDL-Chol ratio, between serum TG and HDL-Chol or HDL-Chol/LDC-Chol ratio.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.209-224
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• 2007

Metabolic syndrome consists of several risk factors of metabolic origin like elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride concentrations, decreased HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and elevated fasting glucose. It appear to directly increase the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases which leading to cardiovascular diseases in later life. This 39 years female patient was diagnosed schizophrenia at the age of 17. but she didn't take reasonable treatments. during 20 years, she stayed in home and lived unsuited life with her family. As a result she gains heavy weight and centeral obesity, diabetic mellitus and hypertention, and developed cerevral vascular accident twice. This patient was treated with herb medication, acupuncture, western medication, psychotherapy primarily in focusing of pre-illness state(未病) as well as the stagnation of phelm. During 140 days of treatment from admission, before 2nd attack tbe patient showed improvement of Lt. hemiparesis but after second attack improved a little. And symptom of schizophrenia improved considerably. Also diet habit changed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dried powder and juice of Aster scaber on lipid metabolism and antioxidative capacity in rats. Twenty one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170.9$\pm$15.1g were blocked into 3 groups according to body weight and raised for 4 weeks with diets containing 5%(w/w) dried powder and juice from the same amount of Aster scaber. Food intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weights were not different among all the experimental groups. On lipid metabolism, both dried powder and juice supplementation decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol and liver cholesterol levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations were significantly decreased in dried powder and juice groups, whereas liver TBARS concentrations were not affected by experimental diets. Red blood cell(RBC) superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities were significantly increased by dried powder and juice supplementation, while activities of other antioxidative enzymes in RBC and liver were decreased or showed no changes. In conclusion, both Aster scaber dried powder and juice had the effects on lowering lipid levels by increasing fecal lipid excretions, and inhibiting of plasma lipid peroxidation in animals and the effects of juice were higher than that of dried powder. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 375-383, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.344-351
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of isoflavones on lipid concentrations and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in growing female rats. Twenty four rats (body weight $75\pm5g$) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, consuming control diet or isoflavones supplemented diet (57mg isoflavones/100g diet). All rats has been fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. The concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol were measured in serum and liver. Serum HDL cholesterol was measured. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level was tested by RT-PCR. Supplementation of isoflavones did not affect weight gain, mean food intake and food efficiency ratio. Serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol of isoflavones supplemented rats were significantly lower than those of control rats (p<0.05). But hepatic cholseterol was not influenced by supplementation of isoflavones. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level not significantly different between control group and isoflavones supplemented group. Therefore, isoflavones may be beneficial on serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol lowering in growing female rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.49-49
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• 1998

Chrominum(cr) plays an important role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and Cr deficiency impairs glucose tolerance and increase serum cholestrol and triglyceride. The relationships of serum Cr with serum glucose and lipids was examined in 79 female college students in Choong-Nam ares. Subjects were devided into underweight. normal and overweight groups according to their BM11. The average age, weight, height and BMI were 21.9yr, 55.89kg, 158.54cm and $22.62kg/m^2$, respectively. Height were not di fferent between groups. Serum Cr and glucose concentrations were not signi ficantly different between groups. However, there were tendency of increasing serum Cr level with increasing body weight. Serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in underweight group than other groups. BM! had positive corelations wi th LDL-cholesterol, Al and LPH, and negative corelations with HDL-cholesterolltotal cholesterol ratio. Serum Cr concentration had positive corelation with serum glucose concentration and negative corelation with LDL-chloestrol and LPH.nd LPH.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.614-621
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• 1997

The experiments were performed to investigate the effects of protein and protein hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in the hyperlipidemic/hypercholesterolemic rat model induced by feeding fat-enriched diet. In Except 1 male rats were fed four semi-purified high fat and cholesterol diets that contained different nitrogen source, casein(C), casein hydrolysate(CH), corn gluten(G) and corn gluten hydrolysate(GH), for 6 weeks. In Expt. 2 rats were fed high fat and cholesterol diet for 4 weeks to induce hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Then the rats were divided into 4 groups and were fed the four kinds of above experimental diets for 4 weeks consecutively. The contents of total lipid , cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver and feces were determined. Serum lipid concentrations of CH, G and GH were significantly lower than that of C. Serum cholesterol concentrations of hydrolysate groups(CH and GH) were significantly lower than those of intact protein groups(C and G). Serum HDL -cholesterol concentration tended to increase by hydrolysate intake. The total lipid, cholesterol contents in liver showed similarity results as above. Fecal lipid excretions of CH, G, and GH groups were significantly higher than that of C group. These results indicate that hypolipidemic and /or hypocholesterolemic effect of corn gluten or protein hydrolysates were detected in the process of inducing hyperlipidemia by high-fat and cholesterol diet or after inducing hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine the influences of chitosan, sericin and collagen extract complexes (1:1:1, w/w/w, CSC-F-005) in blood glucose and lipid concentrations in the sera of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats (SD strain) fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were effective on the metabolic regulation in diabetic rats. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the extract complexes (CSC-F-005) than in the diabetic rats. The results shown above suggested that CSC-F-005 extract complexes supplementation effectively improvement of blood glucose and lipid components in the serum of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to assess improvements caused by chitosan, sericin and collagen peptide extract complexes (1:1:1, w/w/w, CSC-F-005) in lipid concentrations in the sera of dyslipidemic rats (SD strain) fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, phospholipid and blood glucose were effective on the metabolic regulation of dyslipidemic rats. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum were remarkably lower in the extract complexes (CSC-F-005) than in the dyslipidemic model. From the above results shows that CSC-F-005 extract complexes were effective on the improvement of the lipid metabolism in sera of dyslipidemic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.437-447
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• 1999

The intake of fatty acids, and the effects of fatty acid intake patterns on serum lipid concentrations was investigated in 112 postmenopausal women. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food questionnaire with food models and other measuring tools. The intakes of saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) were 10.85g, 11.89g and 12.09g, respectively. The ratios of P/M/S and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid were 1.19 : 1.10 : 1 and 6.65 ; 1, respectively. Serum lipid concentrations were adjusted for age, menopausal period, BMI, stress scores, exercise habit and energy intake and the relationship between fatty acid intake and serum lipids was measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Serum cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with dietary intake of SFA (p<0.10), MUFA(p<0.05), palmitic acid(p<0.10), stearic acid(p<0.05), oleic aicd(p<0.05), and arachidonic acid(p<0.10). Serumk LDL-cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with MUFA(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), and arachidonic acid (p<0.10). Serum triglyceride concentration was positively correlated with arachidonic acid(p<0.10). However, serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was not found to be significantly correlated with any fatty acids.