• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.297-304
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• 1998

Cigarette smoking is a well known risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has negative effects on blood lipid and lipoprotein . Some of the associations between smoking and chronic disease can be attributed to the less healthful lifestyles of smokers. A large body of epidemiologic evidence suggests inverse relationships between ischemic heart disease and plasma vitamin C and E concentrations . Smokers have lower plasma concentrations of these vitamins than do nonsmokers. Smokers therefore need antioxidant vitamin supplementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect vitamin supplementation on plasma lipid patterns in smoking college men. 24subjects were divided into 3 groups of which were the vitamin C supplementation group (n=8), the vitamin E supplementation group(n=8) and the vitamin C+E supplementation group(n=8). The vitamin C supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid, the vitamin E supplementation group consumed 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol, and the vitamin C+E supplementation group consumed 500mg of ascorbic acid+ 200IU of D-$\alpha$-tocopherol for 4 weeks. We examined the plasma lipid patterns before and after the vitamins were supplemented. The results obtained were as follows ; In the vitamin C supplementation group, the concentration of total cholesterol decreased significantly and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly with the supplementation of vitamin. In the vitamin E and vitamin C+E supplementation groups, however, there were no significant differences observed with the supplementation of vitamin. Concentration of plasma LDL, triglyceride, free fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. In terms of plasma fatty acid composition, the concentrations of saturated fatty acid were not significantly affected by the supplementation of vitamin in all groups. The concentrations of palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, however, significantly increased in the vitamin E supplementation group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma linoleic acid significantly increased in the vitamin C+ E supplementation group)(p<0.05). The results of this study show that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers has a tendency to decrease coronary heart disease risk in view of the plasma total cholestrol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of the vitamin C supplementation group and fatty acid concentration of the vitamin E supplementation group.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

The goal of this study was to investigate abnotmalities in camitine metabolism present by determining blood camitine and lipid concentrations in Korean diabetic patients. The study subjects included 108 Korean diabetic patients (64 males and 44 females) who were hospitalized in Chonbuk National University Hospital and 27 subjects were also hospitalized as non-diabetic controls (10 males and 17 females). Glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol in plasma were enzymatically assayed and insulin was measured by immunoradiometric assay. Nonesterified camitine (NEC), acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), and acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) were determined by a modified radioisotopic method Glucose and insulin levels were significantly elevated in diabetic patients compared with controls. Total cholesterol was elevated in female but not male diabetic patients and triglycerides were elevated both in male and female diabetics. Plasma and urinary total carnitine (TCNE) were significantly elevated in diabetics as compared with normal controls. In male diabetics, NEC concentrations were significantly elevated above controls, but not in female subjects. Plasma NEC and TCNE concentrations were significantly increased in male diabetics, but significantly decreased in female diabetics. All urinary carnitine concentrations were significantly increased in diabetics as compared with controls. Urinary NEC concentrations were four times higher in male diabetics and three times higher in female diabetics than in controls. The ratios of serum and urinary acylcarnitine/NEC were also significantly higher in diabetics than in controls. This study suggested that there was a remarkable abnormality in lipid and carnitine metabolism in Korean diabetic patients, and the further study on carnitine metabolism and the effects of carnitine supplementation for Korean diabetic patients are needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1080-1088
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• 2013

Our previous results showed that kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) injections via intraperitoneal (i.p.) once daily for three weeks notably promoted the egg laying rate in quails. In order to investigate the mechanism behind the effects of Kp-10 on enhancing the egg laying rate in birds, this study focused on the alternations of lipids synthesis in liver after Kp-10 injections. 75 female quails (22 d of age) were allocated to three groups randomly, and subjected to 0 (control, Con), 10 nmol (low dosage, L) and 100 nmol (high dosage, H) Kp-10 injections via i.p. once daily for three weeks, respectively. At d 52, quails were sacrificed and sampled for further analyses. Serum $E_2$ concentration was increased by Kp-10 injections, and reached statistical significance in H group. Serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations were increased by 46.7% in L group and 36.8% in H group, respectively, but did not reach statistical significance, and TG contents in liver were significantly elevated by Kp-10 injections in a dose-dependent manner. Serum total cholesterol (Tch) concentrations significantly decreased in H group, while in H group the hepatic Tch content was markedly increased. The level of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), apolipoprotein A1 and B (apoA1 and apoB) were not altered by Kp-10 injections. The genes expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), apolipoprotein VLDL-II (apoVLDL-II), cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and vitellogenin II (VTG-II) were significantly up-regulated by high but not low dosage of Kp-10 injection compared to the control group. However, the expression of SREBP-2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase ($ACC_{\alpha}$), malic enzyme (ME), stearoyl-CoA (${\Delta}9$) desaturase 1 (SCD1), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl glutaryl-coenzyme A reductases (HMGCR), estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$($ER{\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$) mRNA were not affected by Kp-10 treatment. In line with hepatic mRNA abundance, hepatic SREBP1 protein content was significantly higher in H group. Although the mRNA expression was not altered, the content of $ER{\alpha}$ protein in liver was also significantly increased in H group. However, SREBP-2 protein content in liver was not changed by Kp-10 treatment. In conclusion, exogenous Kp-10 consecutive injections during juvenile stage significantly advanced the tempo of egg laying in quails, which was associated with the significant elevation in hepatic lipids synthesis and transport.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.857-863
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• 2018

This study examined whether the supplementation of Salicornia herbacea L. (SH), a member of the Chenopodiaceae subfamily, affects tissue specific triglyceride (TG) accumulation and the peroxisome proliferator-activated $receptor-{\gamma}$ $coactivator-1{\alpha}$ ($PGC-1{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated $receptor-{\gamma}$ ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) protein expressions of skeletal muscle in rats with a high-fat diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: control normal diet group (CD), high-fat diet group (HD), and 5.0% SH supplemented high-fat diet group (SD). The weights of fat tissue of the SD group were reduced by approximately 25%(p<0.01), while the skeletal muscle weight of the SD group increased approximately 5% compared to those in the HD group (p<0.01). The serum and hepatic TG of the SD group decreased approximately 20% compared to those of the HD group (p<0.05). In the protein expression levels in the skeletal muscle, the $PGC-1{\alpha}$ and $PPAR-{\gamma}$ expressions of the SD group were 1.5-folds higher than those of the HD group (p<0.01). From these results, SH supplementation contributes to the improvement of the serum and hepatic TG concentrations, and the $PGC-1{\alpha}$ and $PPAR-{\gamma}$ protein expression levels in the skeletal muscle of fed a high-fat diet. Thus, SH supplementation was effective in reducing fat mass and increasing muscle mass.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 1997

Seven-day-old 40 broiler chicks of both sexes were fed the conventional diet containing 0, 0.3, 6 and 0.9％ Quartz porphyry(QP) and water ad libitum until 28 days of age. The excreta water content and nitrogen balance were measured during the experimental period. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to measure ammonia, glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations. In addition, intestinal ammonia concentrations were measured. The excreta moisture contents decreased significantly(P < 0.05) as QP levels increased(r= -0.96). Ammonia contents in the intestine tended to increase as QP levels increased, but the ammonia concentration in the blood was not affected by the QP levels. The blood glucose concentration was not changed but blood triglyceride concentration was lower in the 0.3％ QP treatment than the other groups(P < 0.05), Total cholesterol concentration in the blood tended to increase as QP levels increased. The QP 0.3％ treatment showed somewhat higher positive N balance than the other groups. The results of this experiment indicate that the dietary supplementation of QP could offer some benefits to broiler growers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lysine-limited diets containing different levels of L-carnitine on body weight and lipid metabolism in obesity-induced adult rats. Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 90) were raised for one month with high fat diet (40% fat as calorie) to induce obesity. After induction of obesity, rats weighing 739.5 g were randomly blocked into three groups according to the body weight and raised for eight weeks with control diet (Co), 50% lysine-limited diet (-L), 50% lysine limitation with 0.3% pivalate diet (-L + P). Each of three groups was allotted to 0.0% L-carnitine (0.0% CT), 0.5% L-carnitine (0.5% CT) and 2.5% L-carnitine (2.5% CT) groups, respectively. The levels of AST, ALT, total protein and albumin in plasma were within the normal range. Daily food intake and calorie intake tended to be lower in 2.5% CT groups than those of other groups regardless lysine limitation or pivalate intake. And body weight gain and calorie efficiency ratio (weight gain (g) /calorie intake (100 kcal)) were significantly the lowest in 2.5% CT groups among all experimental groups regardless of lysine limitation or pivalate intake. The weights of perirenal, epididymal fat pads and brown adipose tissue in 2.5% CT groups were significantly lower than 0.0% CT groups. Plasma total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentrations in all groups were not significant by experimental compound. HDL-cholesterol concentrations in -L + P +2.5% CT group were highest in -L + P groups. Levels of hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol in 2.5% CT groups were tend to be lower those than in 0.0% CT groups regardless of dietary lysine limitation and pivalate intake. Fecal total lipid excretions of 2.5% CT groups were significantly lower than in 0.0% CT groups in all experimental groups. But fecal triglyceride excretions of 2.5% CT groups were significantly higher than 0.0% CT groups regardless of lysine limitation and pivalate. In conclusion, there was no difference on body weight and lipid metabolism by dietary lysine limitation and pivalate intake. And feeding of 2.5% L-carnitine was more effective than feeding of 0.5% L-carnitine and 0.0% L-carnitine in reduction of body weight, body fat and lipid metabolism.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2000

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a cholesterol diet (Control group) or cholesterol diets supplemented with the water-extracted of leaves from Morus alba (MA group) or Cudrania tricuspidata (CT group) at the level of 1% for 2 weeks. The concentration of serum triglyceride was significantly lower in the CT group and was also lower in the MA group than in the control group. The liver cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the MA group than in the control group, but not significantly different between the CT group and the control group. The concentration of phospholipid in serum was an increasing tendency in the MA group and was a decreasing tendency in the CT group compared to that in the control group. Body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, the concentrations of triglyceride and phospholipid in liver, and the total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and glucose in serum were not significantly different among dietary groups. These results suggest that the water-extracted from leaves of Morus alba and Cudrania tricuspidata exerts a hypotriglycerolemic effect in the cholesterol-fed rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.676-682
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• 2000

The effect of dandelion leaf extracts on lipid metabolism was investigated in high cholesterol-fed rats. Four groups of rats were given a high cholesterol diet containing 10g cholesterol/kg and 2.5 g sodium cholate/kg for 6 weeks. The control group received without dandelion leaf extracts and the other three groups received with one of dandelion leaf extracts (water, ethyl acetate, ether), respectively. Weight gain and feed intake were significantly higher in water group than control group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, chylomicron and VLDL-cholesterol concentratins were lower, whereas HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher in dandelion leaf extract supplemented-groups than control group. Dandelion extract increased HDL-C/total-C ratio and lowered atherogenic index. Hepatic triglyceride, total cholesterol, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations lowered in dandelion leaf extract groups compared to control group. Especially, hepatic triglyceride and free cholesterol levels were lower in ethyl acetate extract group than in water and ether extract groups. Dandelion leaf extract supplements did not affect hepatic phospholipid cencentration. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in water extract group than the others. ACAT activity was significantly decreased by dandelion extract supplements.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2006

Effects of dietary supplementation of Pleurotus eryngii(PE) to a diet containig the cholesterol on lipid levels in the liver and serum, and enzyme activities of rats were studied by feeding 8-weeks old male rats with the four diets for 4 weeks, respectively: normal diet, control diet (10% fat + 0.5% cholesterol), 3% and 5% PE diets (control diet + 3% and 5% PE dry powder). The body weight gains and food efficiency ratios of the 3% and 5% PE diet groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. The liver and epididymal fat pad weights, and hepatic triglyceride Levels of the 5% PE diet group were more significantly decreased than those of the control group. The concentrations in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index ratios were significantly lower in the 3% or 5% PE groups compared to those of the control group. Ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total-cholesterol was significantly higher in the 3% and 5% PE groups compared to that of the control group. The fecal total lipid excretion of the 5% PE diet group was more significantly decreased than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in the hepatic cholesterol, and the serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and the GOT, GPT and ${\gamma}-GTP$ activities among the experimental groups. These results showed that the Pleurotus eryngii powder feeding decreased the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index, and increased the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total-cholesterol in serum of the rats.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1387-1393
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• 2007

Hambag mushroom is edible mushroom, and one of new strains in Grifola frondosa. It was developed from Korean wild Grifola frondosa by National Institute Science & Technology. In this study, we investigated the effects of the powder extracted from fruit-body of hambag mushroom on hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and pancreatic cells in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) and high fat diet-induced diabetes. The diabetic rats were fed with hambag mushroom-powder (1 and 2% of diet weight) for 6 weeks. And then the levels of blood glucose and lipid and the pancreatic tissue were analyzed and compared. The diabetic rats fed with hambag mushroom-powder lost less body weight than those fed with the powder-free normal diet. flood glucose levels in the diabetic rats fed with hambag mushroom-powder at all concentrations was lower by 50% than in the diabetic rats fed with normal diet. The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in the diabetic rats fed with hambag mushroom-powder were increased compared to those in the diabetic rats fed with normal diet. There were the blood levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol by hambag mushroom-powder concentrations in a dose-dependent response. The decreased damage of pancreatic tissue in the group treated with hambag mushroom-powder could be suggested possibly as one of mechanisms for the effects of hambag mushroom-powder on hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia.