• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7759-7763
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• 2015

Background: Leukemia accounts for 8% of total cancer cases and involves all age groups with different prevalence and incidence rates in Iran and the entire world and causes a significant death toll and heavy expenses for diagnosis and treatment processes. This study was done to evaluate epidemiology and morphology of blood cancer during 2003-2008. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out based on re-analysis of the Cancer Registry Center report of the Health Deputy in Iran during a 6-year period (2003 - 2008). Statistical analysis for incidence time trends and morphology change percentage was performed with joinpoint regression analysis using the software Joinpoint Regression Program. Results: During the studied years a total of 18,353 hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system cancers were recorded. Chi square test showed significant difference between sex and morphological types of blood cancer (P-value<0.001). Joinpoint analysis showed a significant increasing trend for the adjusted standard incidence rate (ASIR) for both sexes (P-value<0.05). Annual percent changes (APC) for women and men were 18.7 and 19.9, respectively. The most common morphological blood cancers were ALL, ALM, MM and CLL which accounted for 60% of total hematopoietic system cancers. Joinpoint analyze showed a significant decreasing trend for ALM in both sexes (P-value<0.05). Conclusions: Hematopoietic system cancers in Iran demonstrate an increasing trend for incidence rate and decreasing trend for ALL, ALM and CLL morphology.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 전라북도 지역암등록본부로부터 2001년부터 2010년까지 10년간 수집된 암등록 자료를 토대로 전라북도 지역의 성별, 연령군별, 호발암별 암발생률 비교 분석과 변동 추이를 살펴보았으며, 또한 국제암연구소에서 제시하는 평가 지표를 기반으로 암등록자료의 질적 수준을 평가하였다. 전라북도 지역의 암발생률 통계 및 암등록 자료의 질 관리 지표는 전북지역암센터의 지역암등록본부로부터 수집되었다. 모든 암들에 대한 성별조발생율(CR)과 연령표준화발생률(ASR)의 10년간 추이를 살펴보았으며, 남녀 5대 호발암에 대한 ASR의 10년간 추이를 분석하였다. 또한 전라북도 지역암등록본부의 암등록 자료에 대한 년도별, 성별, 호발암별 질적 수준을 평가하기 위해 충실도와 타당도를 분석하였다. 충실도 평가를 위해 사용된 지표는 사망/발생비(MI%)와 연령별 발생률 곡선이며, 타당도 평가를 위해 사용된 지표는 연령 미상률(UNK%), 현미경적 확진율(MV%) 그리고 사망진단서에서만 확인가능한 환자의 분율(DCO%)이다. 암 발생률의 10년간 변동 추이는 joinpoint 회귀분석 도구를 이용하였으며, 해당 기간에 대한 연평균 암발생 변화율(AAPC)을 측정하였다. 10년간 전라북도 지역에서의 남성 호발암 순위는 위암이 22.2%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 폐암 16.6%, 대장암 12.8%, 간암 12.3%, 전립샘암 6.2% 순으로 나타났다. 여성에서는 갑상샘암이 17.8%로 가장 높았고, 위암 14.7%, 유방암 11.6%, 대장암 11.5%, 폐암 7.7% 순으로 나타났다. 10년 동안 모든 암들에 대한 연령표준화발생률(ASR)을 살펴보면 전체적으로 36.5% 증가하였다. 성별에 따른 ASR 증가율을 살펴보면 남성에서는 13.7%, 여성에서는 68% 증가하였다. 성별 호발암의 연간 변동 추이를 살펴보면 남성의 위암, 폐암, 간암 발생률은 각각 연평균 1.8%, 0.8%, 3.2% 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있으나, 대장암과 전립샘암은 각각 4.9%, 15.1% 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 여성에서는 5대 호발암중 유일하게 위암이 연평균 0.6% 감소하는 추세를 보였으나, 유방암, 대장암, 폐암은 각각 연평균 5.6%, 2.7%, 2.2% 증가 추세를 보였고, 특히 갑상샘암은 연평균 29.6%의 급격한 증가 추세를 보였다. 암등록 자료의 질적 수준 평가에서 충실도 평가 지표인 MI%는 남성에서 2001년 39.4%에서 2010년 32.4%로 낮아졌고, 여성의 경우 2001년 32.2%에서 2010년 23.5%로 낮아져 적정한 수준을 유지하였다. 타당도 평가 지표인 UNK%는 전라북도 지역에서 10년간 남녀 모두 0%로 나타났으며, DCO%는 남성에서 2001년 5.6%에서 2010년 1.3%로 낮아졌고, 여성에서는 2001년 6.1%에서 2010년 1.8%로 낮아져 암등록 자료의 정확성이 향상되었다. MV%는 남성의 경우 2001년 76.3%에서 2010년 88.5%로 증가하였고, 여성의 경우 2001년 78.4%에서 2010년 90.8%로 증가하여, 남녀 모두에서 암진단의 정확성이 높아진 것으로 확인되었다. 전라북도의 10년간 암발생률 추이를 분석한 결과 남성보다 여성에서 암발생률이 증가하고 있으며, 특히 남성에서는 대장암과 전립샘암이, 여성에서는 갑상샘암과 유방암이 증가하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 전라북도 지역암등록본부의 암등록 자료의 질관리 수준이 향상되고 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 연구에서는 대도시지역 또는 전라북도와 유사한 다른 지역과의 지역별, 연령별 호발암 및 암발생률 추이를 심층적이고 다각도로 비교 분석하여 향후 국가 차원의 암관리 대책 마련과 암 조기검진사업 추진 등의 보건 정책을 수립하는데 이와 같은 통계 자료가 반영될 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10779-10782
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• 2015

Purpose: Analysis of descriptive epidemiological characteristics of pancreatic cancer in Vojvodina, Serbia. Materials and Methods: The study covers population of Vojvodina in the period from 2000 to 2009. The method used for data processing was the descriptive. The data, referring to a specified period of time, were analyzed from chronological and demographic aspects and according to histological diagnosis. Results: In the period from 2000 to 2009, there were 2,108 registered cases of pancreatic cancer of which 1,886 had a fatal outcome. Standardized incidence rates varied between 5.7 and 9.1 per 100,000 population in males and between 4.2 and 5.3 in females. Linear incidence trends in males in the specified period of time, based on crude (r=0.7883, p<0.05) and standardized (r=0,6373, p<0,05) incidence rates, demonstrated increase. Annual percent increase in the crude incidence rate was 4.5% in males, and 2.8% in females. Age-standardized mortality rates varied between 5.2 and 7.5 per 100,000 population in males and 3.6 and 4.7 in females. Linear mortality trends in males in the specified period of time, based on crude (r=0.8795, p<0.05) and standardized (r=0.7669, p<0.05) mortality rates, also demonstrated annual percent increase. Conclusions: Data analysis shows unfavorable onco-epidemiological situation related to pancreatic cancer in Vojvodina, in aspects of both incidence and mortality. Absence of primary and secondary prevention does not allow medical institutions to successfully fight against this disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2431-2440
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• 2015

Background: Registry data from four major public hospitals indicate trends in clinical care and survival from colorectal cancer over three decades, from 1980 to 2010. Materials and Methods: Kaplan-Meier productlimit estimates and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate disease-specific survival and multiple logistic regression analyses to explore first-round treatment trends. Results: Five-year survivals increased from 48% for 1980-1986 to 63% for 2005-2010 diagnoses. Survival increases applied to each ACPS stage (Australian Clinico-Pathological Stage), and particularly stage C (an increase from 38% to 68%). Risk of death from colorectal cancer halved (hazards ratio: 0.50 (0.45, 0.56)) over the study period after adjusting for age, sex, stage, differentiation, primary sub-site, health administrative region, and measures of socioeconomic status and geographic remoteness. Decreases in stage were not observed. Survivals did not vary by sex or place of residence, suggesting reasonable equity in service access and outcomes. Of staged cases, 91% were treated surgically with lower surgical rates for older ages and more advanced stage. Proportions of surgical cases having adjuvant therapy during primary courses of treatment increased for all stages and were highest for stage C (an increase from 5% in 1980-1986 to 63% for 2005-2010). Radiotherapy was more common for rectal than colonic cases. Proportions of rectal cases receiving radiotherapy increased, particularly for stage C where the increase was from 8% in 1980-1986 to 60% in 2005-2010. The percentage of stage C colorectal cases less than 70 years of age having systemic therapy as part of their first treatment round increased from 3% in 1980-1986 to 81% by 1995-2010. Based on survey data on uptake of adjuvant therapy among those offered this care, it is likely that all these younger patients were offered systemic treatment. Conclusions: We conclude that pronounced increases in survivals from colorectal cancer have occurred at major public hospitals in South Australia due to increases in stage-specific survivals. Use of adjuvant therapies has increased and the patterns of change accord with clinical guideline recommendations. Reasons for sub-optimal use of radiotherapy for rectal cases warrant further investigation, including the potential for limited rural access to impede uptake of treatments at metropolitan-based radiotherapy centres.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6333-6336
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• 2012

The burden of cancer is growing globally and is one of the top leading causes of death. Information on cancer patterns are essential for effective planning of cancer control interventions. There is limited published information available on pattern of cancer for the state of Odisha, India. The present study was an attempt to explore the pattern and trend of cancer in Odisha. To fulfill the objectives retrospective data available from 2001-2011 at Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Center (AHRCC), Cuttack, Odisha, were analyzed. Medical records of cancer patients were reviewed and relevant information on diagnosis, primary site and demographic data were retrieved. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc.). A total of 74,861 cancer inpatients were registered at AHRCC for the years 2001-2011. The proportion of females outnumbered males with female:male ratio 1.1:1. The number of female cases increased four folds and that of males three fold over the period studied. Malignancies such as oral cancer (16.93%), acute lymphocytic leukemia/non Hodgkins lymphoma (14.09%) and cancer of gastrointestinal tract (21.07%) are leading cancers among males and carcinomas of breast (28.94%), cervix (23.66%) and ovary (16.11%) were leading among females. Findings from this study indicate an overall increase in cancer reporting which could be regarded as proxy measure for overall cancer situation in Odisha. There is scope and need for integrating other government hospitals, existing private health service providers and research institutions across the state for better planning of cancer control program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2015

The descriptive epidemiological study aimed to analyse the mortality trends from gynaecological cancer in Serbia. Average annual percentage of change (AAPC) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for trend using joinpoint regression analysis. Nearly 25,000 gynaecological cancer deaths occurred in Serbia during the 1991-2010 period, with the average annual age-standardised mortality rate being 17.2 per 100,000 women. Increase of mortality was observed for cancer of the vulva and vagina (AAPC=+1.3%, 95% CI=0.1 to 2.6), ovarian cancer (AAPC=+0.8%, 95% CI=0.4-1.3) and for cervical cancer (AAPC=+0.7%, 95% CI=0.3 to 1.1). Mortality rates for gynaecological cancer overall declined in women aged 30-39 years, but mortality was increased in middle-aged women (for cervical cancer) and in the elderly (for ovarian cancer). Improvements to and implementation of the national cervical cancer screening programme conducted in 2013 and expected to be finalised in the following years throughout Serbia should contribute to improvement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.2959-2964
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• 2014

While several reproductive and lifestyle-related factors are already well-known as established risk factors for breast cancer, environmental factors have attracted attention only recently. The objective of the current study was to assess the association between the breast cancer incidences in females, the mortality rate and the number of motor vehicles on the one side and the consumption of gasoline which could work as a major source of air pollution at the other side. The breast cancer incidences and the mortality trends were compared with various indices of westernization like dietary patterns or industrialization with 10 years lag of time. Geographical variations with 10, 15 and 20 years lag of time were assessed between the breast cancer incidence in 2010 and the number of motor vehicles as well as the consumption of gasoline. The upward trend of motor vehicle numbers proved to be comparable to those of breast cancer incidence and mortality. However, the consumption of gasoline started to decrease since the mid-1990s. The geographic distribution of motor vehicle numbers and gasoline consumption in 1990 is in a positive correlation with the breast cancer incidence rates in 2010 and the 20-year lag time ($R^2$ 0.379 with the number of motor vehicles and 0.345 with consumption of gasoline). In a linear relationship between the breast cancer incidences in 2010 and the log transformed number of motor vehicles, the log transformed consumption of gasoline in 2000 also showed a positive relationship ($R^2$ 0.367 with the number of motor vehicles and 0.329 with consumption of gasoline). The results of the current study indicate that there may be a positive relation between the number of vehicles, gasoline consumption and the incidence of breast cancer from the aspects of long-term trends and geographical variation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5003-5006
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• 2012

Objective: Yanting County is a high risk area for esophageal cancer (EC) in China. The purpose of this study was to describe the mortality and mortality change of EC from 2004 to 2009 in Yanting County. Methods: EC mortality data from 2004 to 2009 obtained from the Cancer Registry in Yanting were analyzed. Annual percentage changes (APC) were calculated to assess the trends in EC mortality. Age-standardized mortality was calculated based on world standard population of 2000. Results: The average EC mortality was 54.7/$10^5$ in males and 31.6/$10^5$ in females over the 6 years. A decline in EC mortality with time was observed in both genders, with a rate of -8.70% per year (95% CI: -13.23%~-3.93%) in females and -4.11% per year (95%CI: -11.16%~3.50%) in males. Conclusion: EC mortality decreased over the six years in both genders, although it remained high in the Yanting area. There is still a need to carry out studies of risk factors for improved cancer prevention and further reduction in the disease burden.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3209-3212
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• 2012

Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in the older population, but it is also quite frequent among young adults in developing countries. The aim of this study was to update the trends of clinicopathological features of CRC in young Nepalese. Methods: A retrospective comparative study on the data retrieved from the surgical records of all patients between 20 to 39 years of age with CRC was carried out for periods of 5 years each from 1999 to 2003 (early) and 2004 to 2008 (recent), treated at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Results: The number of young adults with CRC increased from 28 to 34. However, the proportion of young patients in both groups was 28% of all CRC patients. The mean ages were $34{\pm}4.7$ and $31.8{\pm}5.1$ years in early and recent 5 years, respectively, and the male female ratio changed from 2:3 to 4:3. Abdominal pain as the most common presenting symptom was replaced by bleeding per rectum in recent years. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to seeking medical advice decreased from 7.8 months to 5.6 months in recent years. More patients (85.3%) were subjected to endoscopic examination in recent years than early years (60.7%) and right colonic cancer increased from 10.7% to 26.5%. However, the rectum was the commonest site in both early (71.4%) and recent (50%) groups. CRC was detected significantly at an earlier stage (7.1% vs 32.4%) in recent years with large proportion of modified Dukes B stage. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was the predominant histology in both groups (50% vs 60.7%). Curative resection had risen in recent years (39.3% vs 73.6%). Conclusion: CRC among Nepalese young adults accounts for a high incidence (28%) of all CRC cases. Although right sided colonic cancer has been increasing, rectum is the commonest site. There is also an increasing trend for diagnosis at earlier stages of the disease which can be treated with curative intent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2653-2657
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• 2015

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the second most common neoplasm of head and neck in Tunisia. The distribution is bimodal with a first period occurrence between 15 and 20 years old and a second peak at around 50 years of age. Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharynx type III (UCNT) is the predominant histological type (93.4%). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia confirmed that it is an intermediate risk area for NPC with overall ASRs of 3.6 and 1.6/100,000 respectively in males and females. This study aimed to present the evolution of incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a period of 12 years (1994-2006). Data of cancer registry of North Tunisia (NTCR), covering half of the Tunisian population, were used to determine evolution of NPC incidence, calculated by 5 year periods. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used as an estimate of the trend. To best summarize the behavior or the data trend across years, we used a join-point regression program. Between 1994 and 2006, we observed negative annual average change of standardized incidence in men and women (-3.3%and -2.7%) also for the standardized incidences which showed a rather important decline (26.4% in males and 22.3% in females). The truncated age standardized incidence rate of NPC in adults aged of 30 years old and more (N= 1209) decreased by -0.4% per year from 1994 to 2006 over time in north Tunisia dropping from 6.09 to 4.14 person-years. However, the rate was relatively stable during this period among youths aged 0-29 years (N= 233) in both sexes. NPC demonstrated a favorable evolution from 1994-2006 probably due to a improvement in socioeconomic conditions.