• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.70-79
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• 1999

A questionary survey was conducted to investigate citizen's attitude to treatment facilities of municipal solid waste in Miryang during 8. June of 1998 and 22 June of 1988. Collection effiencies was 86.7%, as 260 individuals of the 300 individuals. The survey showed that 43.0% of answers recognized seriousness of problem of the waste treatment and 33.1% of respondents concerned about recycle of organic waste. 40.8% of total answers said that they most hated landfill site among waste treatment facilities, and most citizens wanted as much distant as possible from waste treatment facilities. It was investigated that the greater part of respondents wanted the greatest compensation. About 58% of respondents was opposed to complete waste treatment facilities. 36.2$ among answers wanted establishment of waste treatment facilities in an industrial complex or an industrial area. The majority of respondents was willing to increase recycle rate and recognized seriousness of landfill site security. The majority of citizens do not trust environmental administration of Miryang City and they think that democracy and open of administration need for overcome MINBY.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and supplement the standards related to healthcare facilities, negative pressure isolation wards, and emergency treatment facilities. In addition, through environmental investigations, analysis of emergency remodeling cases centered on the structural and HVAC characteristics of healthcare facilities is conducted. Methods: Domestic and foreign standards related to healthcare facilities were analyzed. Field investigations and architectural drawing analysis of general and emergency treatment facilities were conducted. Results: Healthcare facilities have different space classifications and air conditioning methods depending on the site situation. Emergency treatment facilities are classified into cases where the HVAC system is remodeled and portable negative pressure unit is installed, and some facilities did not meet the standards for differential pressure and air change rate. Implications: When developing emergency remodeling technology, remodeling and safety evaluation guidelines, it is considered possible to propose clearer guidelines for emergency remodeling treatment facilities for infectious diseases in Korea by referring to the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

As private sewage treatment facilities in Korea are constantly concerned about the distribution and poor construction of defective products, minimum standards for each unit process applicable to the planning and design of sewage treatment facilities are deemed necessary. The problems and requirements of the analysis results of the operation status discussed in this study are as follows. 1) Strengthening education of supervisor of private sewage treatment facility. 2) Poor operation and management of Sewage treatment facilities. 3) A mandatory review of sewage treatment facilities for less than 2 ㎥/day of facilities other than sewage treatment zones. 4) Necessity of management of sewage treatment facility in feedstocks. 5) As a result of the technical review, Improvement plans for Ineligible facility are needed. It is also necessary to prepare a guidebook for design construction and maintenance by investigating and analyzing guidelines and data related to domestic and foreign private sewage treatment facilities.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

In this study, the management and improvement of public small-scale sewage treatment facilities was investigated. In order to improve the effective management of the operation of small-scale sewage treatment facilities, treatment methods and the problems associated with sewage treatment were carefully addressed based on the data and literature. The investigation results showed that sewer pipes in rural areas should be repaired to prevent sewage from leaking and small-scale operations should be required to have effective management for pollutant loads less than 50%. Also, new methods should be developed for low concentrations of sewage. A law associated with FRP treatment facilities should be established and local governments need to supervise these operations to avoid insufficient and faulty construction. It is recommended that new facilities are built with advanced treatment techniques when the old facility can not comply with nitrogen and phosphorous discharge limits. Moreover, the study shows that nutrient and coliform treatment efficiency improves when abandoned facilities are renovated with the installation of nitrification/denitrification and disinfection processes or another advanced process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.462-472
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• 2005

This study was carried out to suggest the plans for installation of rural sewage treatment facilities through the analysis of these facilities installed in Chungchongnam-do Province. About 5% of all installation was carried out by the department of wastewater and related environment problems and the other case was carried out by the department of construction or residence. In wastewater caused by 250 and 300 persons, facilities capacity do not exceed about $50m^3/d$, caused by 2,500 and 3,000 persons, $500m^3/d$. Advanced sewage treatment process were first needed in the discharge area where affected the water environment greatly. However, in carrying out the water quality pollutant of the total amount management system in the other areas, they should be driven only over the scale of pollutant quota object facilities standard. Rural sewage must be included in the special accounts according to the regulations of local government, and sewage treatment cost should be collected to manage. Installation type uses integrating joint treatment method in case the distance among villages is short or one treatment facility independently.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5475-5482
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• 2014

Cervical cancer, the second most common malignancy all over the world, is associated with HPV infection. In a developing country like India, lack of early detection and treatment facilities is the main cause for its high burden. Therefore, through our study we e tried to present the current scenario of existing facilities for the detection and treatment of cervical cancer in hospitals and primary health centers (PHCs) of Delhi-NCR region. Data were collected from 312 healthcare facilities including public and private hospitals and PHCs of all nine districts from Delhi-NCR region. Healthcare providers including gynecologists, medical officers, women health care providers and paramedical staff were interviewed, using a questionnaire; the facilities for screening, diagnosing, and treating cervical cancer in each institution were recorded, using a previously designed checklist. Our study has shown that the basic facilities for the detection and treatment of cervical cancer are abhorrently lacking in Public hospitals and PHCs as compared to the Private hospitals in Delhi-NCR region. This study demonstrates that there is an urgent need for more investment in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer facilities in public and rural healthcare facilities of Delhi-NCR region.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.850-862
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• 2007

This study was carried out to survey the actual conditions of wastewater treatment facilities to obtain basic data for the management of wastewater from industrial complexes in Chungcheongnam-do province. Wastewater production flow per site area by watersheds was $49.2m^3/km^2/d$ for Sapgyoho, $8.1m^3/km^2/d$ for Anseongcheon, $5.7m^3/km^2/d$ for Seohae, and $2.9m^3/km^2/d$ for Geumgang. Sapgyoho showed 75% of the total production flow, which was the highest value, Geumgang showed 4% of total flow, which was the lowest value. Average total extra rate as production flow/capacity flow in the wastewater treatment facilities for industrial complex is 49%. Considering by watersheds, the extra rates of Seohae, Geumgang, Anseongcheon, and Sapgyoho, are 73%, 65%, 62%, and 33% respectively. This means that the design of capacity flow in wastewater treatment facilities was too large. Effluent concentration of wastewater treatment facilities did not exceed discharge limit mostly. The removal efficiency rate for water quality item was 90% in BOD, 70% in COD, 80% in SS, 30 to 80% in TN, and 20 to 90% in TP, so the organic removal was good, but the nutrient removal was low and interval of variation was high. The removal efficiency rate of the agricultural was industrial complexes is lower than the national and local complexes. The construction cost of the wastewater treatment facilities in Chungcheongnam-do was $1,756Won\;per\;m^3$, treatment cost was $189Won\;per\;m^3$, and they were about two times and 1.2 times higher than the nation-wide cost, respectively. The treatment cost consists of 39% for man power, 21% for chemical, 16% for power, 11% for sludge treatment, and 13% for others.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

Concentrations of the principal volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p,o-xylene, styrene, and chlorobenzene were measured at the solid waste treatment plants classified into four categories; municipal waste incinerator, municipal waste landfill site, industrial waste incinerator and industrial waste landfill site. The average concentration of VOCs in industrial waste treatment facilities was 33.43 ppb and was significantly higher than that measured at municipal waste treatment facilities (4.71 ppb). The average toluene concentrations measured at incinerators (13.05 ppb) were a little higher than those measured at landfill sites (11.54 ppb). The contribution of the waste treatment facilities to the concentration of benzene (0.35 ppb) and o-xylene (0.15 ppb) in the industrial area was relatively small. However, toluene measured in the industrial waste treatment facilities was the most abundant VOCs with the average concentration of 21.37 ppb. As a result of analyses of fingerprint, in cases of IISH and ILUS, a variety of compounds other than major VOCs were detected in high level. On the Pearson correlation analysis, the correlation was generally positive and some pairs of these VOCs were very strongly correlated (correlation coefficient > 0.75).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 1993

This study reviewed the current status and problems of sewerage system in Korea and then proposed possible methods to correct the problems. Also, evaluation of future development in sewerage system is included. It can be summarized as follows : 1. Investment in sewerage system is relatively low . 0.23% of GNP, Considering that the investment portion is 0.35% in OECD and 0.63% in Japan, it should be increased further. 2. The reasons wily the investment in sewerage system is low can be ' (1) Low priority is given to the investment in sewerage system. Local government builds and operates its own wastewater treatment plant. Local government as well as residents prefer to invest their money in roadwork, housing and parks to in wastewater treatment facilities because of greater investment effects. (2) Besides capital investment, more maintenance cost is needed for sewerage system. Proper operation of wastewater treatment facilities requires a well-trained operator. Because of public conception that operation of wastewater treatment facility is a dirty job, it is difficult to find a well-trained operator. (3) It is difficult to estimate the effect of sewerage system (4) Cost required to build and maintain wastewater treatment facility should be paid by people, who benefit from the facility. People to benefit are sometimes different from people to pay. 3. Advanced treatment is necessary to protect the bay aura and raw water source as well as to prevent eutrophication of lakes and ponds. 4. Wastewater treatment facility were mainly build in big cities during the decade of 1980. Followings should be solved first to expand the facilities. (1) Rapid repair and construction of sewer. (2) Technical development of wastewater treatment . Prevention of efficient and economical wastewater . Development of efficient and economical wastewater treatment techniques . Development of high-efficiency treatment using bioreactor . Reuse of wastewater treatment plant effluent (3) Sludge treatment and disposal . Composting of sludge cakes . Development of techniques to reduce the volume of sludge cake : incineration and reuse of sludge ash and slag. (4) Utilization of wastewater treatment facilities . Construction of community parks or sports families(ie, on the tops of the covered aeration tanks and sedimention tanks) Construction of wastewater treatment facilities under ground and of parking facilities and community parks above ground. (5) Education of wastewater treatment personal.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.157-173
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• 2012

It has been argued that investment in basic treatment facilities could have both a direct improvement effect and an indirect diversion effect on water quality. The reason why the investment in basic treatment facilities could have a negative diversion effect is that the investment in treatment facilities could affect a budget-constrained regulatory agency's choice in a way that would perversely encourage the regulated firms' emissions, giving a negative result in terms of water quality. We have reviewed the Korean experience and tested if the treatment facilities have improved water quality since 1991. Using a two-stage least-squares method we have shown that building treatment facilities has contributed to improving the water quality even with consideration of the negative effect through reduced enforcement effort. The model and results draw attention to the importance of optimally balancing efforts to build wastewater treatment facilities with efforts to set and enforce regulatory standards.