• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2015

정수장 유입수에 포함된 다양한 유기물을 제거하기 위하여 약품을 주입하고 있으나 적정 주입률 결정은 4~7시간 후에나 탁도를 통하여 확인 가능함에 따라 실시간 피드백 제어가 불가하다. 또한 실험실에서 실시하는 Jar-Test 및 운영자의 경험에 따른 수동운전은 유기물 특성 및 수질 변화로 인하여 실험 및 휴먼에러가 발생할 수 있다. 특히 야간/주말 등에는 실험을 실시할 수 없어 운영자 판단에 의한 간헐적 변경만이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 지능제어 알고리즘을 이용한 적정 약품 주입률을 학습하여 실시간 약품 주입과 주입량 감소로 원가절감을 달성코자 하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.43-61
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to analyse single dose toxicity of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV) extracted from the bee venom in Beagle dogs. Methods : All experiments were conducted under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical study authorized institution. Male and female Beagle dogs of 5-6 months old were chosen for the pilot study of single dose toxicity of Sweet BV which was administered at the level of 9.0 mg/kg body weight which is 1300 times higher than the clinical application dosage as the high dosage, followed by 3.0 and 1.0 mg/kg as midium and low dosage, respectively. Equal amount of excipient(normal saline) to the Sweet BV experiment groups was administered as the control group. Results : 1. No mortality was witnessed in all of the experiment groups. 2. Hyperemia and movement disorder were observed around the area of administration in all the experiment groups, and higher occurrence in the higher dosage treatment. 3. For weight measurement, Neither male nor female groups showed significant changes. 4. To verify abnormalities of organs and tissues, thigh muscle which treated with Sweet BV, brain, liver, lung, kidney, and spinal cords were removed and histologocal observation using H-E staining was conducted. In the histologocal observation of thigh muscle, cell infiltration, inflammation, degeneration, necrosis of muscle fiber, and fibrosis were found in both thigh tissue. And the changes depend on the dose of Sweet BV. But the other organs did not showed in any abnormality. 5. The maximum dose of Sweet BV in Beagle dogs were over 9 mg/kg in this study. Conclusions : The above findings of this study suggest that Sweet BV is a relatively safe treatment medium. Further studies on the toxicity of Sweet BV should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2007

This study was carried out to examine effect of post-chlorine dosage reduction by ozonation and GAC process in the field plant for 3years in the "G" water purification plant in Seoul. And it is to compare GAC with BAC process in removal effects of TOC, THMs, THMFP, $UV_{254}$. As a result, chlorine dosage of ozonation and GAC(=BAC) is less demand than GAC. Seasonal reduction of chlorine demand is from about 37% to 59% with BAC, and from 24 to 46% with GAC. Higher reduction in BAC could be achieved. The efficiency of chlorine demand reduction with ozonation was depending on the organic carbon removal. $UV_{254}$ concentration is less about 0.13~0.74L/mg.m in BAC than GAC. Therefore, the combination of ozonation and GAC was more effective in reducing post-chlorine than the single GAC. TOC was also monitored, and results show that a linear relationship between TOC and chlorine demand is appropriate under each treatment process. It means that removal of organic matter(TOC) from finished water is necessary to reduce post-chlorine dosage in clear well and to minimize order of chlorine in distribution systems.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.273-283
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• 1998

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New wonbangwoohwangchungsimwon (NSCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material qf musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were per-formed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs (3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dose of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NSCH, 160 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 400 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Ad-ministration (l996. 4. 16). $LD_{50}$ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg per oral for both male and females. In animals administered with NSCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NSCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.249-260
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• 1998

Single and 4 weeks oral administration of New Woohwangchungsimwon (NWCH) which was used l-muscone as substitutive material of musk, to beagle dogs of both sexes were performed to investigate both acute and subacute toxicity. Beagle dogs(3 males and 3 females) in acute experiments were administered orally with single dose of 2,000 mg/kg and groups of 9 male and 9 female beagle dogs in subacute experiments were given daily different dosage of NWCH, 160 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 400 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg/day (high dosage group) once a day for 4 weeks by oral route according to the Established Regulation of Korea Food and Drug Administration (1996. 4. 16). $LD_{50}$/ value for beagle dogs was more than 2,000 mg/kg per oral for both male and fe-males. In animals administered with NWCH, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign, urinalysis, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, organ weight and other fingings. No histological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Above data strongly suggset that NWCH in beagle dogs is considered to be safe.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1999

In order to eliminate demerits of conventional dosage forms, dipotassium glycyrrhizate was formulated as a slim mucoadhesive film type dosage form. The mucoadhesive drug layer gel containing dipotassium glycyrrhizate was prepared using $Noveon^{\circledR}$ AA-1, hydroxypropylcellulose-M, ethylcellulose N 100 and citric acid, and the protective layer gel by using ethylcellulose N 100, $Eudragit^{\circledR}$ RS and castor oil. The viscosity of drug layer gel of mucoadhesive film was enhanced as the increased amount of $Noveon^{\circledR}$ AA-1 or hydroxypropyl cellulose-M. The drug content was unifonnly $1160{\pm}14.6\;{\mu}g$, and was varied within 3.5%. The optimum film dosage form showed a good fluidity and malleability of drug layer, with 179 g of thickness, pH 5.7, 411 min of in vitro adhesion time and 172 g in gravity adhesive strength. The release time of drug from the mucoadhesive film was significantly shorter but was delayed when polymers such as ethylcellulose was added. From these results, the new mucoadhesive film may be effective for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

A coagulation-flocculation (CF) process using aluminum sulfate as a coagulant was employed to treat highly suspended solids in tunnel wastewater. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of three factors (coagulant dosage, pH and temperature) on total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency as well as to identify optimal values of those factors to maximize removal of TSS. Optimal conditions of coagulant dosage and pH for maximum TSS removal changed depending on the temperature ($4{\sim}24^{\circ}C$). As temperature increased, the amount of coagulant dosage and pH level decreased for maximum TSS removal efficiency during the CF process. Proper adjustment of optimal pH and coagulant dosage to accommodate temperature fluctuations can improve TSS removal performance of the CF process.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effective coagulation of commercial humic acid which is well known as major precursor of trihalomethane, with LAS and PAC and to quantify the residual aluminum in the treated water. Then the optimum pH, the dosage of coagulant were determined. 1. Humic acid concentrati6n, UV absorbance and color were well correlated and UV absorbance(254 nm) and color seem to be used in quntificative analysis of humic acid of same kind. 2. Optimal dosage of LAS and PAC increase as humic acid concentration increases. And optimal pH range for coagulation using LAS is pH 5.5-7.0 and pH 3.5-6.5 for PAC. Within these ranges the removal efficiency is 90-99%. 3. The results of quantification of residual aluminum in treated water shows that minimal aluminum remains on the optimal coagulation condition. But the residual aluminum increses as the dosage of coagulant is beyond the optimal range. Thus the dosage of coagulant should be chosen with the condition on which humic acid removal is maximum and the residual aluminum concentration is minimum. 4. In the water treatment process the raw water pH range is 6.5-8.0, and it seems to be possible to remove humic acid by charge neutralization not by sweep floc. But it should be considered that different commercial humic acids have different physical and chemical characteristics.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-119
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• 1996

Group of 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats was given daily intravenous injections of different dosage of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761), 7.5 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 15 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), or 30 mg/kg/day (high dosage group)for 3 month by tail vein according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4. 14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of rats of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)-related changes were found in urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight. No histopathological lesions were seen in both control and treatment groups. Our results strongly suggest that no toxic changes were found in rat treated intravenously with Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)for 3 month.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1996

Group of 12 male and 12 female rabbits was given daily intravenous injections of different dosage of Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761), 7.5 mg/kg/day (low dosage group), 15 mg/kg/day (middle dosage group), or 30 mg/kg/day (high dosage group)for 3 month by ear vein according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4. 14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of rabbits of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)-related changes were found in urinalysis, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight. No histopathological lesions were seen in both control and treatment groups. Our results strongly suggest that no toxic changes should be found in rabbit treated intravenously with Ginkgo biloba extract(EGb 761)for 3 month.