• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2003

Many of the diseases that occur in a life being are either closely related to water, or they occur by loss or deterioration of water metabolism. There are six parts of study on this subject in ${\ulcorner}$Dongeubogam${\lrcorner}$. The parts are, the part of Jinaek the part of Dameum the part of Sobyeon the part of Bujong the part of Changman and the part of Seub. In these parts, it mentions loss of perspiration, abnormal urination, edema, abdominal dropsy, formation of abnormal body fluid and intrusion of dampness into the body and etc as the abnormal water metabolism. Loss of perspiration and urination is a process of eliminating the dampness in the body. Perspiration would be the abnormality of yanghwa[陽化]. Urination would be the loss of eumhwa[陰化]. Eum[飮] is the fluid accumulated in the body that failed to go through the process of Cihwa[氣化]. Dam[痰] is formed when the body fluid is heated by the smoking-fire. Meanwhile, the dampness occurs when the water penetrates into the bones, muscles and joints. Edema and abdominal dropsy are both outcomes of accumulated body fluid. Edema is the liquified body fluid congested on the surface or the peripheral ends of the body. Abdominal dropsy is congestion of fluid, that lost the characteristic of blood due to blood deterioration, in the abdominal part.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권3_4호
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• pp.364-372
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• 2003

In this study, the characteristics of catechol tannin and pyrogallol tannin contained in Pteridium aquilinum were analysed by It spectrum. Silk fabrics were dyed with Pteridium aquilinum extracts using various mordants, and their dyeing properties were discussed. Additionally the fastness the water digestion, perspiration liquid digestion and light irradiation were investigated. IR spectrum of catechol tannin showed bands of O-H at $3417cm^{-1}$, C-H at $2930cm^{-1}$, C=0 at $1722cm^{-1}$, C=C at $1644cm^{-1},\;CH_2\;at\;1402cm^{-1}$. And IR spectrum of pyrogallol tannin showed bands of O-H at $3409cm^{-1}$, C-H at $3003cm^{-1}\;and\;2933cm^{-11}$, C=0 at $1701cm^{-1}$, C=C at $1582cm^{-11},\;CH_2\;at\;1410cm^{-1}$, CO at carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid ester at $1287cm^{-1}\;and\;1135cm^{-1}$. The maximum absorption wavelength of the extracts appeared at 270.0nm and 311.5nm. The optimum conditions for dyeing silk fabric with Pteridium aquilinum extracts were $80^{\circ}C$, 60min. Surface color of the silk fabric dyed with Pteridium aquilinum extracts was 2.7Y Surface color of the pre-mordanted fabrics with Al, Cu and Fe were 4.3Y, 2.5Y and 4.7Y, respectively. And Surface color of the post-mordanted fabrics with Al, Cu and Fe were 3.7Y, 2.8Y and 0.2GY. The water fastness and the alkaline perspiration fastness were improved in the Al-mordanted silk fabrics. By acidic and alkaline perspiration treatment, ${\Delta}E of the unmordanted fabrics was lower than hat of pre- and post- mordanted fabrics. Also after 40hour irradiation, ${\Delta}E of the unmordanted fabrics was lower than that of pre- and post- mordanted fabrics.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

Chestnut trees have been used as a dyeing material, which are grow naturally, are cultivated all the area of Korea. So, there is abundant amount of the materials and they have better colorfastness than other natural dyeing materials. But chestnut husk extract is good at silk and wool fabrics, not cotton fabrics. That's why many methods using chestnut extraction for dyeing are being studied. But most of them depend on treatment method with chemical material which doesn't fit with the aim, using natural materials. Therefore in this research, we used protein pre-treatment method which is dyeing chestnut husk extract after treating at cotton fabrics with bean sap. And we studied the effect of dyeability of chestnut husk extract to cotton fabrics. As a result of pre-treatment of bean sap at cotton fabrics, dyeability was increased. Besides laundering fastness, dry cleaning fastness, perspiration fastness and light fastness were almost increased.

• 복식
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2006

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Acorn Shell was studied. Appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting condition of Acorn Shell were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The maximum absorbance of Acorn Shell solution was at 287.5nm and 294nm. The pH effect was stable in the color difference changes. The optimum temperature to extract Acorn Shell was during 1 hour in $60^{\circ}C$. The effective dyeing temperature and time of silk were $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$, 1hour. The silk fabrics dyed with Acorn Shell appeared yellow-brown. K/S value of dyeing fabrics was increased by mordant treatment. K/S value of post-mordanting was higher than pre-mordanting. Mordanting treatment attected color change of the dyed silk. In the case of Acorn Shell light fastness of appeared more than 3-5grades by post-mordanting. Abrasion fastness of appeared more than 3-5grades. Perspiration fastness of appered more than $3{\sim}5grades$ by mordant treatment but Cu mordant treatment was $2-5{\sim}4grades$. Dry-cleaning Fastness appered more than 4 grades except Cu mordant treatment. These fastness improvement were generally effective for mordant treatment, specially Al, Sn, Cr.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

By introducing chitosan treatment prior to dyeing, examination was given to the effect of chitosan coated on the surface of fabrics on the color change of dyed fabric based on th e change of ${\Delta}E$, a*, and b* values. At the same time, the dyeing mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan dyestuff was predicted by the investigation of the change of air-permeability ac cording to the chitosan treatment. The change of elution was investigated by the examination of the elution of metallic ions employed as mordants after soaking dyed fabrics in the solution of alkaline perspiration ba sed upon the fact that chitosan carries excellent absorption ability toward metallic ions.

• 복식
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Puerariae Radix was studied. Appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting condition of Puerariae Radix were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The maximum absorbance of Puerariae Radix solution was at 290nm and 301nm. The pH effect was stable in the color difference changes. The optimum temperature to extract Puerariae Radix was during 1 hour in loot. The effective dyeing temperature and time of silk were 80$\~$ 100$^{circ}C$, 1hour. The silk fabrics dyed with Puerariae Radix appeared yellow-brown. US value of dyeing fabrics was increased by Fe, and Cu mordant treatment. Mordanting treatment method affected color change of the dyed silk. In the case of Puerariae Radix light fastness of appeared more than 2-5 grades by mordant treatment. Perspiration fastness of appered more than 4 grades by Al, Sn, Cr mordant treatment. Fastness of abrasion and dry-cleaning appered more than 4-5 grades. These fastness improvement were generally effective for mordant treatment, specially Al, Sn, Cr.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

There are not a few cases in Oriental medicine where a different prescription should be given to some of the patients whose symptoms are similar to each other. In other words, there might happen a misdiagnosis due to an extremely delicate difference in symptoms of the same diseases, causing a patient's condition to get worse or to be even on the brink of death. In such a context, the records in "WooJam JabJeo(愚岑雜著)" are worthwhile to do in-depth research on. Jang-Taegyung described his first-hand experience in major medical treatment very vivaciously during his ages between 25 and 42. Particularly, most of the prescriptions recorded in this book include not only his empirical prescriptions on the patients who life was almost on the brink of death but it also so plentifully contained the process of overcoming the side effect caused by other clinics' misdiagnosis; thus, that this book is drawing attention in that it could be indispensable materials not only in the research on medical history but also for clinical treatment. Particularly, as regards two cases of insanity, this book mentions the reason for using totally different prescription on one case from the other case even though the two cases had a similar symptom, through which we can acquire somewhat concrete experience in curing scenes though indirectly during the period of the Joseon Dynasty. We were able to get the result from the analysis of the two cases of insanity as follows: 1. WooJam, in treating the two cases of insanity due to the severe exacerbation of yang energy, managed to treat the one case by inducing a bowel movement and the other case by inducing urination. Such a different treatment seems to be greatly attributable to the constitutional factor of the two patients. Such an Oriental-medicine-based method of diagnosis and prescription as WooJam's is rarely found in Western medicine-i.e., that's why more thorough research on Oriental medicine is deeply required. 2. In case of the second patient, the patient arrived at insanity due to another clinic's treatment on perspiration on the patient with severe mouth thirst. This medical story once again highlights the importance of a diagnosis in today's Oriental medicine and at the same time it's a good example showing how big the side effect caused by the abuse of medicinal herbs is. The second patient's body fluids ran dry and finally his yang energy got exacerbated all the more due to the treatment by perspiration.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2020

Objectives : This study aims to examine the exterior relief method through pungent-cool properties in comparison to pungent-warm properties historically, to understand the meaning of 'exterior relief through pungent-cool' more thoroughly. Methods : Contents mentioning the treatment method directly were examined historically, then analyzed. Results & Conclusions : The method to relieve the exterior through pungent-cool properties has developed by overcoming the limitations of the method to relieve the exterior through pungent-warm properties since it was first established in 『Shanghanzabinglun』(『傷寒雜病論』). The term 'relief of the exterior through pungent-coolness'(辛凉解表) was first mentioned in the Ming period, referring to weak level of perspiration. Yetianshi(葉天士) explained it as communicating Weiqi(衛氣) using pungent-cool medicinals for heat to discharge through the exterior, resulting in mild sweating. In 『Wenbingtiaobian』(『溫病條辨』) the term 'to relieve the flesh'(解肌) refers to both mild sweating through pungent-warm medicinals and the opening of the exterior through pungent-cool medicinals for pathogenic qi to exit, resulting in sweating. If the exterior relief of the pungent-warm medicinals happens through the warm Yang qi(陽氣) stimulated the inner Yin fluids(陰液) to discharge as sweat, that through pungent-cool medicinals relieves stagnation in the exterior, opening up a way for the pathogenic heat to exit. From the perspective of the main therapeutic mechanism for pungent-cool medicinals to be its coolness relieving heat, the term 'exterior relief through pungent-coolness' becomes erroneous. For the 'exterior relief through pungent-coolness' category to be valid, the meaning of 'exterior relief' needs to be expanded to include not only stimulated sweating but the treatment process that could result in sweating.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2005

To increase dyeability of cotton fabric to the chestnut shell dyeing, we had several dyeing experiments with the experimental fabrics which was pre-treated by soybean, NaOH, KOH. Three kinds of experimental cotton fabrics were used and chestnut shell dyebath was made for the experiment. Munsell's color HV/C and color differences ΔE of dyeing fabrics were compared between pre-treatment and none pre-treatment dyeing fabrics. The main results were as follows ; Color differences of dyeing fabrics pre-treated with soybean, NaOH, KOH were higher than those of none pre-treated dyeing fabrics. In case of pre-treatment with soybean, the concentration of the soybean bath affected the color differences but not affected in case of pre-treatment with NaOH & KOH. Munsell's color of pre-treatment fabrics with soybean, NaOH, KOH were same with the none pre-treatment fabrics. Colorfastness of the pre-treated fabrics were same degree, but only in case of soybean pre-treated fabrics were low in fastness of washing(change) & perspiration(acidic change).

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.314-326
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of Dansam and Sappan wood extract to perform combination dyeing on silk fabrics, with respect to color changes, fastness (washing, dry cleaning, perspiration, rubbing and light fastness), and functionality (antibacterial activity and deodorization). Combination dyeing was performed by first combining Dansam with Sappan wood, then Sappan wood with Dansam, in these orders. Given the changes in the combination ratio, pre-mordant treatment was performed. Looking at the surface colors of each dye, Dansam generally produces YR color series, while Sappan wood produces YR, R, and RP color series. The effects of changing the order in which combination dying was performed on the surface colors were as follows. First, combination dyeing (A) was performed by using Dansam before Sappan wood, to produce YR and R color series. Then combination dyeing (B) was performed by using Sappan wood before Dansam, to produce YR, R, and RP color series. By visual inspections, more similar color changes of the combination dyeing were noticed with the post-dyeing material rather than the pre-dyeing material. Therefore, it was presumably confirmed that surface color changes of combination dyeing were greatly influenced by the post-dyeing color. Individual dyeing tests for fastness showed that Dansam was comparatively superior to Sappan wood, which demonstrated lower fastness to washing, dry cleaning, perspiration, and light, relatively. The fastness of combination dyed samples was shown middle, but similar fastness to the post-dye material, The fastness of (B) method was higher than (A) method in the washing and light fastness. This confirms that color fastness from combination dyeing was considerably influenced by the post-dye material. It was found that all dyed samples had a very high bacterial reduction rate of 99.9% and high deodorization rate of 95%.