• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 1999

Ginseng has been used in maintaining physical vitality throughout the far-eastern countries and recently its metabolism and actions on neurologic, cardiovascular, and endocrinologic systems are studied. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been used in various ailments, and to prove its efficacy for erectile dysfunction an international study on Asians other than Korean was performed. Patients with borderline organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction were included. KRG were given daily, and placebo were given as controls. Treatment lasted a total of 3 months. Surveys including libido, erection, ejaculation, sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction were given. Serum testosterone and erectile function study were taken. Among the 64 patients, 37 patients were followed with KRG. Five had diabetes, 5 hypertension, 5 hypercholesterolemia, 6 low testosterone, 6 psychogenic, and 11 idiopathic. The improvement after KRG administration was $70.2\%$ on objective questionnaire and $75.7\%$ on subjective analysis. When KRG were given, all parameters surveyed have shown improvements compared to the placebo. The effects of KRG in Chinese and Singapores were similar to the Koreans. Serum testosterone levels were nonnalized in 6 patients with KRG, who's serum testosterone levels were reduced from pre-study. Two patient reported constipation, and 2 gastric upsets in the KRG group. In conclusion, KRG has beneficiary action on male erectile capabilities with little side effects. KRG is effective in Koreans and also Asians. The exact action mechanism and the active ingredients in KRG need to be studied.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
• /
• pp.208-215
• /
• 1998

Ginseng has been used in maintaining physical vitality all over the East Asian countries and recently its metabolism and actions on neurologic, cardiovascular and endocrinologic systems are being elucidated. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been used in various aliments, and to prove its efficacy icy erectile dysfunction an international study on Asians other than Korean was performed. Patients with borderline organic and psychogenic erectile dysfunction were included. KRG were given daily, and placebos were given as controls. Treatment lasted a total of 3 months. Surveys including libido, erectile potency, the sexual satisfactions were given. Serum testosterone and erectile function study were taken. Among the 23 patients with KRG, 18 patients were followed. Four had diabetes, 2 hypertension, 3 hyperchole, iterolemia, 1 low testosterone,4 psychogenic, and 4 idiopathic. In 10 patients with placebo, 7 were followed for more than three months. The clinical efficacy of KRG was 66.7% on objective Questionnaire and 72.2% on subjective analysis. When KRG were given, all parameters surveyed have shown improvements compared to the controls. Serum testosterone Bevels were normalized in 2 patients with KRG, whose serum testosterone levels were reduced from prestudy. When the erectile functions after audiovisual stimuli evaluated using Rigiscan in 6 patients with KRG,4 showed rigidity move than 70oyc. One patient reported constipation, and 2 gastric up-sets in the KRG group. In conclusion, KRG has beneficiary action on male erectile capabilities with minimal side effects. Thus KRG has been proven effective in Koreans, and a result on other Asians is pending. The exact action mechanism and the active ingredients in KRC need to be itudied.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.98-111
• /
• 1993

2차원 비정상 비선형 자유표면파를 해석하고 자유표면파에서의 점성효과를 관찰하였다. 유동장내의 Navier-Stokes 방정식과 연속방정식을 풀기 위해 유한해석법을 적용하였고, 자유표면의 처리를 위해 MAC 기법을 적용하였다. 그리고, 자유표면에서는 표면장력을 고려한 경계조건을 적용하였으며, 층류에 대한 점성효과만을 고려하였다. 계산모델은 천수역에서의 점성영향, 자유표면 근처에서의 보오텍스 쌍(vortex-pair)의 거동 및 전진하는 부유체 앞에서의 자유표면파문제 등이다. 천수역문제에서는 바닥과의 마찰에 기인한 자유표면파의 변화를 고찰하였으며, 특히 고립파에 대한 적용으로서 파고의 감소정도, 수직벽면에서의 파상승(wave run-up) 및 수심의 변화로 인한 유장변화 등을 살펴보았다. 보오텍스 문제에서는 보오텍스의 이동에 따른 자유표면주위의 유동변화를 관찰하였으며, 사각부유체 주위의 유동문제에서는 전진속도의 차이에 따른 자유표면파의 차이 및 물체주위의 유동특성을 관찰하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 1995

The goals of nursing education, and the bases for evaluating them depend on the goals of nursing practice. In order to prepare for the coming twenty first century and the meet changing societal demands and health needs, it is necessary to develop a new conceptual framework for future nursing education. While hospitals will still be in significant components of the health care system, will no longer be central focus or dominant influence. Health care services will be more usually delivered at community base. The nursing education required by that new approach must provide for reconsidered about a concept of caring as nursing curriculum. The changes in health care delivery that have occured, now being proposed, for nursing education undergoing its own changes. So the philosophy and objectives of education meed to reconsidering about the caring concept and general nursing. Nurse educators must prepare students to practic in condition of constant change. At the same time nurse educators must emphasize preparation about that. The practice of science of caring in nursing draws on a basic knowledge of the behavioral knowledge, biophysical processes, pathological processes, nursing skills and procedures and various treatment regimes and problem solving to help decision making in nursing situations. The concept of care is probably one of the least understood ideas used by professional and nonprofessional people, yet it is probably one of the most improtant concepts to be understood by nursing. Human caring and human relationships are closely interrelated. Humn caring remains an essential dimension of professional work and the science of caring as essental to the discipline of nursing. It is expected that the objectives of nursing education will be accomplished when the course and content of the curriculum are based on this conceptual framework. One recurrent education goal with some consistency is that of equipping the student with the necessary skills to live effectively and productivly in the world of tomorrow. In the new vision we are developing, professional education must also include exposure to liberal arts, encouragement of critical thinking, and a moral context for advanced professional education that is based upon a contextual health policy and caring science educational model.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.10-20
• /
• 2017

The proportion of software in the automotive industry is steadily increasing due to the rapid technological development of automobile E/E parts. Because the automotive E/E technology is now on the basis of intelligent automobile and advanced safety automobile technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational capability (organizational resource capability and management capability), process capability (process capability, customer Requirement management capability), performance dimension (motivation, participation level). In this study, we conducted questionnaires and statistical analysis on engineers (members of the Korea Advanced Automotive Technology Association) who perform research and development activities in the R&D organization of the automotive E/E part in South Korea. ANOVA is applied for the verification of the difference in performance measured by organizational capability, process maturity, and motivation participation level according to company characteristics (level of processing : supply chain configuration, annual sales, total SW development ratio). According to the results of this study, in order to improve the performance of ASPICE or ISO 26262-related consulting project, a different consulting approach strategy considering the characteristics of organization and personnel is needed. In summary, the analysis results for the three main treatment levels are as follows. The difference in organizational capacity, process capability and performance was found to be statistically significant according to supply chain configuration and annual sales, but it was found that the difference of response according to the proportion of total SW was not significant.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.136-152
• /
• 1993

정확하고 효율적인 해석적 박판보 모델을 개발하여 반복적인 과부하를 받고 있는 SWATH선의 전체적인 거동을 해석하고자 한다. SWATH선을 단순한 채널형 박판보로 이상화하고, 박판보 모델은 기하학적으로 완전한 비선형 보를 응력성분으로 정식화하여 유한요소법에 의해 수치해석적으로 처리한다. 또한 복잡한 하중상태하의 재료의 비선형 거동을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 효율적인 주기적 소성모델도 고려한다. 이 박판보 모델은 단면에서의 응력분포를 국부적으로 매우 정확하게 나타내고, 재료가 항복되어 가는 과정을 쉽게 추적할 수 있게 한다. 그리고 전단변형의 영향을 국부적으로 취급함으로서 변형과 전단응력의 분포를 보다 더 정확하게 나타낼 수 있다. 이와 같은 해석적 박판보 모델에 의한 초기 설계단계에서의 해석은 바람직하다고 생각되며, 이 연구방법을 좀 더 진전시켜 보다 현실적인 박판보 모델을 개발할 필요성이 있다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2011

Voltage dependent calcium channel (VDCC), one of the most important regulator of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in neuron, play an essential role in the central processing of nociceptive information. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effects of L, T or N type VDCC blockers on the formalin-induced orofacial inflammatory pain. Experiments were carried out on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Anesthetized rats were individually fixed on a stereotaxic frame and a polyethylene (PE) tube was implanted for intracisternal injection. After 72 hours, 5% formalin ($50 \;{\mu}L$) was applied subcutaneously to the vibrissa pad and nociceptive scratching behavior was recorded for nine successive 5 min intervals. VDCC blockers were administered intracisternally 20 minutes prior to subcutaneous injection of formalin into the orofacial area. The intracisternal administration of 350 or $700{\mu}g$ of verapamil, a blocker of L type VDCC, significantly decreased the number of scratches and duration in the behavioral responses produced by formalin injection. Intracisternal administration of 75 or $150 \;{\mu}g$ of mibefradil, a T type VDCC blocker, or 11 or $22\; {\mu}g$ of cilnidipine, a N type VDCC blocker, also produced significant suppression of the number of scratches and duration of scratching in the first and second phase. Neither intracisternal administration of all VDCC blockers nor vehicle did not affect in motor dysfunction. The present results suggest that central VDCCs play an important role in orofacial nociceptive transmission and a targeted inhibition of the VDCCs is a potentially important treatment approach for inflammatory pain originating in the orofacial area.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.217-230
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the type, sites and period of injuries in Mixed Martial Arts. Methods : The questionnaire composed of 26 items was used as the research tool for this study. The respondents were 84 athletes of Mixed Martial Arts who participated in Spirit MC Amateur League in September, 2007. Data analysis use chi-square examination by SPSS$^{(R)}$ 12.0 program. Results : 1. Frequently, strikers are damaged at face and waist, grapplers are damaged at knee and waist. 2. Frequently, beginers are damaged at muscle and tendon, experts are damaged at bone and joint. 3. Age, career, specialty and injured type have significant correlations. 4. Age, career, training time and concern response have significant correlations. 5. Oriental medical treatment are friendly but not well-known to the athletes. Conclusions : Injuries of Mixed Martial Arts is multifactorial, so approach of athlete's individuality is important.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2010

Herniorrhaphy of Indirect inguinal hernia (IIH) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in children. The overall incidence of inguinal hernias in childhood ranges from 0.8 to 4.4 %. The incidence is up to 10 times higher in boys than girls, especially much higher in premature infants. IIHs in children are basically an arrest of embryologic development rather than an acquired weakness, which explains the increased incidence in premature infants. In normal development, the processus vaginalis closes, obliterating the peritoneal opening of the internal ring between 36th and 40th week of gestation. This process is often incomplete, leaving a small patent processus in many newborns. However, closure continues postnatally, and the rate of patency is inversely proportional to age of the child. The presence of a patent processus vaginalis is a necessary but not sufficient variable in developing a congenital IIH. In other words, all congenital IIHs are preceded by a patent processus vaginalis, but not all patent processus vaginalis go on to become IIHs. The overall incidence of IIH in population is approximately 1 to 2 % and the incidence of a processus vaginalis is approximately 12 to 14%, clinically appreciable IIH should develop in approximately 8 to 12 % of patients with a patent processus vaginalis. Although the classic open inguinal hernia repair remains the gold standard for most pediatric surgeons, laparoscopic repair is being performed in many centers. Like open technique, laparoscopic technique is fundamentally a high ligation of the indirect hernia sac with or without internal ring ligation. The advantages of laparoscopic approach include the ease of examining the contralateral internal ring, the avoidance of access damage to vas and vessels during mobilization of cord, decreased operative time, and an ability to identify unsuspected direct or femoral hernias. Almost all groin hernias in children are IIHs and occur as a result of incomplete closure of processus vaginalis. The treatment is repair by high ligation of hernia sac, which can be done by an open or laparoscopic technique. The contralateral side can be explored by laparoscopy or left alone, open exploration is no longer indicated due to potential risk of infertility.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2010

Hickman catheters are tunneled central venous catheters used for long-term venous access in children with malignancies. The appropriate management for various kinds of catheter related complications has become a major issue. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, demographic, and surgical characteristics in 154 pediatric hemato-oncology patients who underwent Hickman catheter insertion between January 2005 and December 2009. There were 92 boys and 62 girls. The mean age at surgery was $7.6{\pm}5.1$ years old. The mean operation time was $67.4{\pm}21.3$ minutes and C-arm fluoroscopy was used in 47(30.5 %). The causes of Hickman catheter removal were termination of use in 82 (57.3 %), catheter related bloodstream infection in 44(30.8 %), mechanical malfunction in 11(7.7 %), and accidents in 6(4.2 %). Univariate and multivariate analysis for associated factors with catheter related bloodstream infection showed that there were no statistically significant associated factors with catheter related infection complications. All cases except two showed clinical improvement with catheter removal and relevant antibiotics treatment. The mean catheter maintenance period in patients of catheter removal without complications was $214.9{\pm}140.2$ days. And, The mean catheter maintenance period in patients of late catheter related bloodstream infection was $198.0{\pm}116.0$ days. These data suggest that it is important to remove Hickman catheter as soon as possible after the termination of use. When symptoms and signs of complications were noticed, prompt diagnostic approach and management can lead to clinical improvements.