• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to show differences in impact variables between treadmills with (treadmills B, C, and D) and treadmills without a shock-absorbing function (treadmill A) to propose the development of a treadmill with improved or added shock-absorbing function to reduce impact shock. Method: Thirteen male students in their twenties who had habitual rear foot strike during running ran on four treadmills at 2.67 m/sec while ankle and neck acceleration data were collected. The magnitude of the ankle and neck acceleration peaks and peak positive ankle acceleration were calculated. The power spectral density of each signal was calculated to transform the ankle and neck accelerations in the frequency domain. Results: The peak positive ankle acceleration on treadmill B was significantly lesser than that on treadmills A and D, and that on treadmill C was significantly less than that on treadmill A (p < .01). Peak positive neck acceleration was not statistically different between the treadmills. The frequencies of the peak power of the ankle and neck acceleration signal within the lower and higher frequency ranges were not statistically different between the treadmills. The signal power magnitude of the ankle in higher frequency ranges on treadmill B was significantly less than that on treadmills A, C, and D (p < .01). The signal power magnitude of the ankle in higher frequency ranges was not statistically different between the treadmills. The signal power magnitudes of the neck acceleration signal within the lower and higher frequency ranges were not statistically significantly different between the treadmills. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the shock-absorbing function of a treadmill plays a role in reducing impact shock. Therefore, in future treadmill development, shock-absorbing function should be improved or incorporated to reduce impact shock to the body.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2009

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common cause of stroke, and it occurs mainly in the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum, and pons. Physical exercise is known to ameliorate neurologic impairment induced by various brain insults. In the present study, the influence of pre-and post-conditioning of treadmill exercise on spatial learning ability, the lesion volume, and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the striatum following ICH in rats was investigated. ICH in the striatum was induced by injection of collagenase using strereotaxic instrument. The rats in the pre-exercise group were scheduled to run on a treadmill before ICH induction for 2 consecutive weeks. The rats in the post-exercise group were scheduled to run on a treadmill after ICH induction for 2 weeks. The rats in the pre-exercise and post-exercise group were scheduled to run on a preconditioning treadmill exercise 2 weeks before ICH induction until postconditioning treadmill exercise 2 weeks after ICH induction, except the day of surgery. For this study, radial arm maze task, Nissl staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 were performed. Our date showed that treadmill exercise suppressed the ICH-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death and decreased lesion volume in the stratum. Treadmill exercise also alleviated the ICH-induced impairment of spatial learning ability. Preconditioning treadmill exercise before the ICH insult and postconditioning treadmill exercise after the ICH insult showed similar effectiveness on the recovery of ICH. In this study, however, preconditioning exercise before the ICH insult and postconditioning exercise after the ICH insult showed the most potent effectiveness on the recovery of ICH.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.339-342
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• 1996

Vertical ground reaction forces on a treadmill were measured at different walking speeds using two tandem force plates. Comparing vertical ground reaction forces in treadmill walking with those in ground free walking, treadmill walking overestimated the first and second peak forces. With the increase of the walking speed, this phenomenon becomes more significant. In treadmill running, the first peak force reached 210-280% of the body weight. However, the instrumented treadmill showed a great potential to investigate the kinetics for multiple foot-strike measurements.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2005

The objective of this study is structural analysis and modal analysis of treadmill roller. A 3D finite element model is implemented to calculate the stress, strain and natural frequency for treadmill roller In order to analyses treadmill roller, many variables such as load condition, boundary condition, weight condition and resonance are considered. Natural frequency of treadmill is compare to motor revolution.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2001

흰쥐를 실험 대상으로 하여 Treadmill 운동을 실시하여 운동에 의한 심근의 적응과 cytochrome oxidase 활성에 관한 세포화학적 연구 알아보고자 실험을 실시하였다. 실험동물은 SD계 웅성 흰쥐를 이용하여 출생 3개월 정도의 체중 $150{\pm}10g$정도로 실험을 시작하였다. 실험군은 일상 대조군과 운동군 2개군으로 나누고, 각각 1일, 3일, 1주일, 4주일, 8주일 및 12주일 동안 각각 4마리씩 운동시켜 실험에 이용하였다. 형태 계측학적 방법으로 심장의 무게변화, 심근섬유와 모세혈관의 비, 그리고 CO 활성정도를 측정하였다. 광학및 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 심장무게 변화는 모든 실험군에서 실험기간에 비례하여 증가하였다. 일상 대조군에 비해 운동군에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 모세혈관과 근섬유 비율은 일상 대조군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었고, 운동군에서는 운동 4주일 이후부터 유의한 증가를 보였다. Cytochrome oxidase C 활성율은 일상 대조군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었고, 운동군에서는 운동 1주일 이후부터 유의한 증가를 보였다. 사립체에 CO활성 형태는 일상 대조군에서는 I형과 III형이, 운동군에서는 실험기간에 비례해서는 II형과 III형이 많이 관찰되었다. 이상과 같은 실험결과들을 미루어볼 때 Treadmill 운동결과 CO의 활성과 심근섬유와 모세혈관의 비율이 운동에 의해 변화를 보여, 흰쥐의 심근에서는 treadmill 운동은 약 4주 정도에서 심장의 적응성이 어느 정도 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality based treadmill training on muscle architecture of gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Thirty chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality based treadmill training (VRTT) group (n=15) or treadmill training (TT) group (n=15). Both groups participated in a standard rehabilitation program; in addition, the VRTT group participated in virtual reality based treadmill training for 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks, and TT group participated in treadmill walking training for 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks. Ultrasound image was used for measurement of pennation angle and muscle thickness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle at rest and during maximum voluntary contraction. Results: In the paretic side medial gastrocnemius muscle, greater improvement on the pennation angle and muscle thickness while resting and maximal voluntary contraction were observed in the VRTT group compared with the TT group. Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated that the virtual reality based treadmill training has an effect on muscle architecture of medial gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2020

Purpose: This study compared the walking ability of chronic stroke patients following either treadmill training with knowledge of the result (KR group) or treadmill training with knowledge of the performance (KP group). Methods: Nineteen patients with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: a KR group (10 patients) and a KP group (9 patients). They received 30 minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and treadmill training 30 minutes, five times a week for three weeks. The gait parameters were measured before and after training using the Optogait system. Results: After the training periods, the KR group showed significant improvement in gait speed, cadence, step length of the unaffected limb, stance time of the affected limb, and functional gait assessment compared to the KP group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that treadmill training with KR was more effective in improving the gait speed and cadence, step length of the unaffected limb, stance time of the affected limb, and functional gait ability than the treadmill training with KP. Therefore, to improve the walking ability of stroke patients, it is necessary to consider treadmill training with KR. If it can be combined with conventional neurological physiotherapy, it would be an effective rehabilitation for stroke patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2009

In this study, treadmill walking and overground walking were compared at the same condition based on kinematics and energy expenditures(EE). In addition, we compared the actual energy expenditure and calculated EE by treadmill. The kinematics of treadmill and overground walking were very similar. The values at each joint were significantly different(P<0.05), but magnitude of the difference was generally less than 4$^{\circ}$. In the EE using cardiopulmonary exercise, EE of treadmill walking was significantly greater when measured on the overground. It seemed to be the increased stress during the gait by the continuous movement of the belt. As the velocity increased, there was significant difference between actual EE and calculated EE by treadmill due to EE curve increasing exponentially. Therefore the further study would be required to find the correlation of the two methods and calibrate the values from them.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2019

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue and mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins in rats fed a long-term high-fat diet (HFD). [Methods] Obesity was induced in experimental animals using high fat feed, and the experimental groups were divided into a normal diet-control (ND-CON; n=12), a high fat diet-control (HFD-CON; n=12) and a high fat diet-treadmill exercise (HFD-TE; n=12) group. The rats were subsequently subjected to treadmill exercise (progressively increasing load intensity) for 8 weeks (5 min at 8 m/min, then 5 min at 11 m/min, and finally 20 min at 14 m/min). We assessed weight, triglyceride (TG) concentration, total cholesterol (TC), area under the curve, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and AVF/body weight. Western blotting was used to examine expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics, and immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the immunoreactivity of gp91phox. [Results] Treadmill exercise effectively improved the oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue, expression of mitochondrial dynamic-related proteins, and activation of NADPH oxidase (gp91phox) and induced weight, blood profile, and abdominal fat loss. [Conclusion] Twenty weeks of high fat diet induced obesity, which was shown to inhibit normal mitochondria fusion and fission functions in hippocampal tissues. However, treadmill exercise was shown to have positive effects on these pathophysiological phenomena. Therefore, treadmill exercise should be considered during prevention and treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill walking training using the metronome on the gait pattern. METHODS: A total of 33 healthy persons were studied consisting of 17 female and 16 male in the 20-30 age group. A gait analysis program was installed on a treadmill with a built - in gait analysis sensor and laptop. After 9 minutes of treadmill walking, gait analysis was performed for 1 minute. The mean values of the differences in the step length, angle of COP, separation line standard deviation and step force of the lower legs affecting walking symmetry were calculated for treadmill walking and treadmill walking using the metronome. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the normality of the collected data and a paired t-test was performed to analyze the difference in walking before and after using the metronome. RESULTS: As a result of the analysis, the mean of difference between the measured values of the bilateral lower extremity for step length, angle of COP, separation line standard deviation and step force were statistically significant before and after treadmill walking using the metronome. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the treadmill walking training using the metronome is effective in decreasing the difference in the foot width, gait angle, gait distribution, and foot pressure. Because of this, the treadmill walking training using the metronome has a significant effect on walking symmetry among the elements for correct walking, which is a means for enabling efficient and continuous walking.