• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate appropriateness of home health care travel cost. For the evaluation, investigated the operating costs of vehicles used by home care nurses and then were components of home care nurses's annual salaries. Travel costs were then calculated based on actual travel expenses of home health care service. Actual data of 23 hospital-based home care agencies between July, 2002 to December, 2002 were collected for the analysis of the travel costs. The results of this study are : 1) For home visit, 65% of home care agencies turned out to be using only hospital owned cars, and 17.1% be depending purely on home care nurses' cars. On average, 1.9 cars used for home visit. 2) Out of 89 agencies, 23 agencies responded to the travel cost survey. Total maintenance cost of a car per month was 381,457 won. 3) Average per visit personal expenses of home care nurses during travel time turned out to be 7,124won assuming 8 working hours per day, 4 visits per day, and 30 minuets of travel time for each visit. 4) Total home health care travel cost per visit was 12,069 won, which was the sum of actually paid travel cost of 4,945 won and personal expenses during travel time of 7,124. In conclusion. we reckon that current compensation price of home care nurses' travel is inappropriate because total home health care travel costs of 12,069 won per visit turned out to be 2.1 times of currently prevailing standard compensation price of 5,830 per visit.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop travel-time estimation model using neural networks and prediction model using neural networks and kalman-filtering technique. The data used in this study are travel speed collected from inductive loop vehicle detection systems(VDS) and travel time collected from the toll collection system (TCS) between Seoul and Osan toll Plaza on the Seoul-Pusan Expressway. Two models, one for travel-time estimation and the other for travel-time Prediction were developed. Application cases of each model were divided into two cases, so-called, a single-region and a multiple-region. because of the different characteristics of travel behavior shown on each region. For the evaluation of the travel time estimation and Prediction models, two Parameters. i.e. mode and mean were compared using five-minute interval data sets. The test results show that mode was superior to mean in representing the relationship between speed and travel time. It is, however shown that mean value gives better results in case of insufficient data. It should be noted that the estimation and the Prediction of travel times based on the VDS data have been improved by using neural networks, because the waiting time at exit toll gates can be included for the estimation of travel time based on the VDS data by considering differences between VDS and TCS travel time Patterns in the models. In conclusion, the results show that the developed models decrease estimation and prediction errors. As a result of comparing the developed model with the existing model using the observed data, the equality coefficients of the developed model was average 88% and the existing model was average 68%. Thus, the developed model was improved minimum 17% and maximum 23% rather then existing model .

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.459-469
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic travel activities by job characteristic and derive implications to improve the domestic tourism by using 2010 Korea National Tourism Survey data(Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism). We classified survey samples(1,813 persons) by 6 job characteristic categories and compared the domestic travel activities(number of travel, day of travel, expenditure of travel). As the results of analysis, the domestic travel activities of paid worker, full-time worker, employers with a 500 or more workers, biweekly five-day worker are more than non-paid worker, part-time worker, employers with a 10 or less workers, worker who work six to seven days a week.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to propose mining processes in the large trip-transaction database of the Metropolitan Seoul area and to analyze the spatial characteristics of travel behavior. For the purpose. this study introduces a mining algorithm developed for exploring trip patterns from the large trip-transaction database produced every day by transit users in the Metropolitan Seoul area. The algorithm computes trip chains of transit users by using the bus routes and a graph of the subway stops in the Seoul subway network. We explore the transfer frequency of the transit users in their trip chains in a day transaction database of three different years. We find the number of transit users who transfer to other bus or subway is increasing yearly. From the trip chains of the large trip-transaction database, trip patterns are mined to analyze how transit users travel in the public transportation system. The mining algorithm is a kind of level-wise approaches to find frequent trip patterns. The resulting frequent patterns are illustrated to show top-ranked subway stations and bus stops in their supports. From the outputs, we explore the travel patterns of three different time zones in a day. We obtain sufficient differences in the spatial structures in the travel patterns of origin and destination depending on time zones. In order to examine the changes in the travel patterns along time, we apply the algorithm to one day data per year since 2004. The results are visualized by utilizing GIS, and then the spatial characteristics of travel patterns are analyzed. The spatial distribution of trip origins and destinations shows the sharp distinction among time zones.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of intervention variables which may affect the air travel demand for Jeju domestic flights and to anticipate the air travel demand for Jeju domestic flights. The air travel demand forecasts for Jeju domestic flights are conducted through ARIMA-Intervention Model selecting five intervention variables such as 2002 World Cup games, SARS, novel swine-origin influenza A, Yeonpyeongdo bombardment and Japan big earthquake. The result revealed that the risk factor such as the threat of war that is a negative intervention incident and occurred in Korea has the negative impact on the air travel demand due to the response of risk aversion by users. However, when local natural disasters (earthquakes, etc) occurring in neighboring courtiers and global outbreak of an epidemic gave the negligible impact to Korea, negative intervention incident would have a positive impact on air travel demand as a response to find alternative due to rational expectation of air travel customers. Also we realize that a mega-event such as the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup games reduced the air travel demand in a short-term period unlike the perception in which it will increase the air travel demand and travel demands in the corresponding area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.5 s.83
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• pp.147-155
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for estimation of reliable path-travel time using data obtained from the toll collection system on freeways. The toll collection system records departure and arrival time stamps as well as the identification numbers of arrival and destination tollgates for all the individual vehicles traveling between tollgates on freeways. Two major issues reduce accuracy when estimating path-travel time between an origin and destination tollgate using transaction data collected by the toll collection system. First, travel time calculated by subtracting departure time from arrival time does not explain path-travel time from origin tollgate to destination tollgate when a variety of available paths exist between tollgates. Second, travel time may include extra time spent in service and/or rest areas. Moreover. ramp driving time is included because tollgates are installed before on-ramps and after off-ramps. This paper describes an algorithm that searches for arrival time when departure time is given between tollgates by a Progressive Iterative Forward and Backward (PIFAB) search method. The algorithm eventually produces actual path-travel times that exclude any time spent in service and/or rest areas as well as ramp driving time based on a link-based procedure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4795-4802
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• 2010

In order to solve the traffic problem in jeju, we must reduce demand for car travel. In addition, demand for passenger travel by public transport policy is needed for conversion. And to improve the quality of public transport services are desperately needed. The purpose of this study, personal characteristics of the trip traveler and the relationship between transportation choice, and personal effectiveness as a factor in travel costs and travel time on the impact of transportation choices will investigate. Restructure its public transportation routes, when to switch to buses to car traffic on the data as a basis for the factors that may be. In addition to improving the quality of public transport services is expected to be able to contribute. To study the performance of the May 2010 survey was conducted. And multinominal logit model were conducted. According to the analysis, People who own homes and families with more than 5 people are likely to use cars. If a prolonged travel time is likely to use buses. However, increasing the cost of travel increases the likelihood that the car is available.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.6 s.92
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• pp.89-102
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to develop a dynamic OD estimating model to overcome the limitation of depicting teal situations in dynamic simulation models based on static OD trip. To estimate dynamic OD matrix we used the hybrid discrete choice model(called the 'Demand Simulation Model'), which combines travel departure time with travel mode and travel path. Using this Demand Simulation Model, we deduced that the traveler chooses the departure time and mode simultaneously, and then choose his/her travel path over the given situation In this paper. we developed a hybrid simulation model by joining a demand simulation model and the supply simulation model (called LiCROSIM-P) which was Previously developed. We simulated the hybrid simulation model for dependent/independent networks which have two origins and one destination. The simulation results showed that AGtt(Average gap expected travel time and simulated travel time) did not converge, but average schedule delay gap converged to a stable state in transportation network consisted of multiple origins and destinations, multiple paths, freeways and some intersections controlled by signal. We present that the hybrid simulation model can estimate dynamic OD and analyze the effectiveness by changing the attributes or the traveler and networks. Thus, the hybrid simulation model can analyze the effectiveness that reflects changing departure times, travel modes and travel paths by demand management Policy, changing network facilities, traffic information supplies. and so on.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Gentry is responsible for moving the fine chip in the device that mounts the chip on the PCB. However, it is not easy to increase productivity because of the mechanical limitations of the gantry. Therefore, in this paper, we try to solve the method to increase the productivity by software. For this purpose, we propose a method to improve the productivity by shortening the movement time of the gantry. First, we calculated the total travel time for the current method(stop-motion). In addition, the total travel time is also calculated for the travel time reduction method presented in this paper. This method reduces the travel time by checking parts without stopping in front of the camera. As a result, we showed that the proposed method shortened the time of 16%. In the future, we will study time calculation methods for other types.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.119-147
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• 2017

Purpose In an online e-commerce environment without face-to-face contact between the seller and the buyer, the attitudes of consumers differ greatly depending on which framing strategy is applied, even in cases when the benefits of the deals represent the same value. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of price-framing and message-framing strategies on consumer attitudes through an experimental analysis in the context of online travel product purchasing. This study suggests a research model based on prospect theory and prior literature on price-framing and message-framing strategies. Design/methodology/approach The experiment was structured as a 2 (discount price presentation: 'Won' vs. '%') ${\times}$ 2 (discount level: low vs. high) ${\times}$ 2 (time-limit message: none vs. one) mixed design. The research hypotheses were tested in a study of 200 undergraduate and graduate students assigned randomly and distributed evenly to each of the eight cells. Findings The findings indicate that consumer attitudes become more favorable when the '%' discount, higher discount rate, and time-limit message are presented. However, no significant interaction effect is found between the discount price presentation and the discount level/time-limit message. This study has a theoretical implication in that it extends the scope of research by examining the influence of framing strategies on experience goods such as online travel products. Moreover, this study can provide managers with more specific guidelines when establishing framing strategies in the context of purchasing online travel products.