• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권4A호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2009

다공성 경량골재의 사전흡수수에 따른 콘크리트 수축 저감 효과의 정량적 평가와 부등수축해석모델 상수 제공을 위한 첫번째 단계로서, 수분이동모델을 설정하고 이에 따른 수분이동 특성상수인 유효수분확산계수, 수분용량, 습도공급도, 습도소모도를 물-결합재비, 골재 종류를 변수로 하여 측정하였다. 콘크리트 내, 외부 습도차에 의한 정상상태에서의 유효수분확산계수는 물-결합재비가 낮을수록 낮은 값을 나타내었으며 동일한 물-결합재비인 경우 일반골재를 사용한 배합이 경량골재를 사용한 배합보다 낮은 유효수분확산계수값을 나타내었다. 콘크리트 내 수분의 저장 능력 즉, 수분용량을 산정하기 위해 9가지 습도에서 콘크리트의 수분량을 측정하였으며 경량골재를 사용한 배합이 일반골재를 사용한 배합보다 모든 습도조건에서 수분량이 크게 나타났다. 일반 대기환경 습도 50% 이상 조건에서 적용할 수 있는 경량골재의 습도공급도를 측정하여 정량화 하였으며, 경량골재에서의 수분 방출량은 주변 습도에 반비례하고 시간에 비례하는 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내는 지수함수의 형태로 설정하였다. 시멘트 수화 자기건조에 의한 수분의 내부소모에 따른 콘크리트 내 습도소모도를 측정하였으며, 측정결과 물-결합재비 0.3의 경우 7~10일 이내의 초기재령에서 약 10% 내외의 급격한 습도감소를 나타내었으며 물-결합재비 0.4, 0.5의 경우 완만한 형태로 약 5%, 1% 내외의 습도 감소를 나타내었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1540-1541
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• 2011

We calculated the electron transport coefficients in $H_2$+Ar gas calculated E/N values 0.01 ~ 1 Td by the Boltzmann equation method. This study gained the values of the electron swarm parameters such as the electron drift velocity and the transverse diffusion coefficients for $H_2$+Ar gas at a range of E/N. The transport coefficient W and Dt/u have been calculated in mixtures of 0.5% and 4% hydrogen in argon. All values were made at 293 K.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.439-455
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• 2020

Numerical model was developed that simulates radionuclide (3H and 14C) transport modeling at the 2nd phase facility at the Wolsong LILW Disposal Center. Four scenarios were simulated with different assumptions about the integrity of the components of the barrier system. For the design case, the multi-barrier system was shown to be effective in diverting infiltration water around the vaults containing radioactive waste. Nevertheless, the volatile radionuclide 14C migrates outside the containment system and through the unsaturated zone, driven by gas diffusion. 3H is largely contained within the vaults where it decays, with small amounts being flushed out in the liquid state. Various scenarios were examined in which the integrity of the cover barrier system or that of the concrete were compromised. In the absence of any engineered barriers, 3H is washed out to the water table within the first 20 years. The release of 14C by gas diffusion is suppressed if percolation fluxes through the facility are high after a cover failure. However, the high fluxes lead to advective transport of 14C dissolved in the liquid state. The concrete container is an effective barrier, with approximately the same effectiveness as the cover.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.90.1-90.1
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• 2012

Understanding the dynamics of relativistic electron acceleration, loss, and transport in the Earth's radiation belt during magnetic storms is a challenging task. The U.S. National Science Foundation's Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) has identified five magnetic storms for in-depth study that occurred during the second half of the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) mission in the year 1991. In this study, we show the responses of relativistic radiation belt electrons to the magnetic storms by comparing the time-dependent 3-D Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB) simulations with the CRRES MEA 1 MeV electron observations in order to investigate the relative roles of the competing effects of previously proposed scattering mechanisms at different storm phases, as well as to examine the extent to which the simulations can reproduce observations. The major scattering processes in our model are radial transport due to Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) electromagnetic fluctuations, pitch-angle and energy diffusion including mixed diffusion by whistler mode chorus waves outside the plasmasphere, and pitch-angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss inside the plasmasphere. We provide a detailed description of simulations for each of the GEM storm events.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

The Faraday cup electrode of different size has been developed and evaluated to investigate the diffusion effect of particles by Brownian motion in a particle beam mass spectrometer(PBMS). Particles which focused and accelerated by aerodynamic lens are charged to saturation in an electron beam, and then deflected electrostatically into a Faraday cup detector for measurement of the particle current. The concentration of particles is converted from currents detected by Faraday cup. Measurements of particle current as a function of deflection voltage are combined with measured relationships between particle velocity and diameter, charge and diameter, and mass and diameter, to determine the particle size distribution. The particle currents were measured using 5, 10, 20, 40 mm sized Faraday cup that can be move to one direction by motion shaft. The current difference for each sizes as a function of position was compared to figure out diffusion effect during transport. Polystyrene latex(PSL) 100, 200 nm sized standard particles were used for evaluation. The measurement using 5 mm sized Faraday cup has the highest resolution in a diffusion distance and the smaller particles had widely diffused.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2003

The unsteady 2D convection and diffusion equation is solved numerically for the real-time simulation of suspended load propagation. The streamlined upwind scheme efficiently reduces numerical oscillations due to the high Peclet number in the convection dominant flow. By using the mixed boundary condition to express the external source terms or externally induced suspended load as a function of time in the algorithm, the model is capable of handling not only continuous load cases but also non-continuous suspended load influx. The suspended load transport modelwas verified using a case study for which an analytical exact solution is available and was applied to the real-time simulation of a suspended load influx case on the Mississippi River. The model algorithm can provide a framework upon which water quality as well as contaminant transport models can be built.

• 세라미스트
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2020

Halide perovskites are promising photovoltaic materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties like high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy and long diffusion length, and single-junction solar cells consisting of them have shown a high certified efficiency of 25.2%. Despite of high efficiency, perovskite photovoltaics show poor stability under actual operational condition, which is the mostly critical obstacle for commercialization. Given that the stability of the perovskite devices is significantly affected by charge-transporting layers, the use of inorganic charge-transporting layers with better intrinsic stability than the organic counterparts must be beneficial to the enhanced device reliability. In this review article, we summarized a number of studies on the inorganic charge-transporting layers of the perovskite solar cells, especially focusing on their effects on the enhanced device reliability.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.608-616
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• 2015

The migration of silver (Ag) in silicon carbide (SiC) and $^{110m}Ag$ through SiC of irradiated tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel has been studied for the past three to four decades. However, there is no satisfactory explanation for the transport mechanism of Ag in SiC. In this work, the diffusion coefficients of Ag measured and/or estimated in previous studies were reviewed, and then pre-exponential factors and activation energies from the previous experiments were evaluated using Arrhenius equation. The activation energy is $247.4kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from Ag paste experiments between two SiC layers produced using fluidized-bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD), $125.3kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from integral release experiments (annealing of irradiated TRISO fuel), $121.8kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from fractional Ag release during irradiation of TRISO fuel in high flux reactor (HFR), and $274.8kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$ from Ag ion implantation experiments, respectively. The activation energy from ion implantation experiments is greater than that from Ag paste, fractional release and integral release, and the activation energy from Ag paste experiments is approximately two times greater than that from integral release experiments and fractional Ag release during the irradiation of TRISO fuel in HFR. The pre-exponential factors are also very different depending on the experimental methods and estimation. From a comparison of the pre-exponential factors and activation energies, it can be analogized that the diffusion mechanism of Ag using ion implantation experiment is different from other experiments, such as a Ag paste experiment, integral release experiments, and heating experiments after irradiating TRISO fuel in HFR. However, the results of this work do not support the long held assumption that Ag release from FBCVD-SiC, used for the coating layer in TRISO fuel, is dominated by grain boundary diffusion. In order to understand in detail the transport mechanism of Ag through the coating layer, FBCVD-SiC in TRISO fuel, a microstructural change caused by neutron irradiation during operation has to be fully considered.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.609-617
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• 2012

충돌, 퍼짐 및 수축을 포함한 나노입자 혼합 액적의 거동에 대한 수치모사를 수행하였다. 기체-액체 상경계면은 벽면에서의 접촉각 이력현상을 포함한 레벨셋 방법을 이용하여 해석하였다. 액적 내부의 나노입자 분포를 해석하기 위하여 물질의 열확산을 반영한 농도 방정식을 해석에 포함하였다. 수치해석 결과로부터 나노 입자의 분포는 온도의 불균일 분포에 크게 영향을 받는 것을 확인하였다. 나노입자의 농도 집중도에 의한 표면 장력 및 접촉각변화 효과에 대한 연구를 수행하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제22권B호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

We prepared the nano-sized $TiO_2$ particles by the diffusion flame reactor and investigated the effects of several process variables on the generation and transport properties of $TiO_2$ particle. As the length from the tip of diffusion flame reactor increases, the size of $TiO_2$ particle increases by the coagulation between particles. The structure of $TiO_2$ particles prepared is almost found to be anatase. It was found that the $TiO_2$ particle size depends more largely on the change of reactor temperature than on the change of inlet $TiCl_4$ concentration. By the photo-degradation experiment of phenol and toluene with the prepared $TiO_2$ particles, we found that the photo-degradation efficiencies of phenol and toluene change, depending on the process variables such as size of $TiO_2$ photocatlysts, concentration of phenol or toluene. Degradation efficiencies of phenol and toluene was above 90% in our experiments in 60 minutes.