• Title/Summary/Keyword: transpiration rate.

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Change of Diurnal Respiration and Transpiration Rate of Fruits in Kiwifruit during Fruit Growth (참다래 착과 과실의 호흡과 증산속도의 일변화)

  • Han Sang-Heon
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.152-158
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study is to investigate change in diurnal respiration and transpiration of the fruits of kiwifruit during fruit growth. Three-hourly fruit transpiration and respiration rate were measured by a chamber technique. Results showed a tendency of higher transpiration and respiration in at maturation to commercial harvest period in 1995 fruit than in 1996 fruit. Fruit respiration rates were very similar to the transpiration rates. The air temperature record for the fruit maturation period in 1996 showed a sudden drop on September $19{\sim}24$ and October 14 down to $7{\sim}13^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that abnormal fruit transpiration and respiration rate in the fruit maturation period might be influenced by the air temperature.

Effects of Storage Gas Concentrations on the Transpiration Rate of Fuji Apple during CA Storage (CA저장 기체조성에 따른 사과 Fuji의 증산속도)

  • 강준수;정헌식;최종욱
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2002
  • A transpiration model was selected and tested experimentally to predict transpiration into of Fuji apple stored in a normal air and controlled atmospheres (l∼3% O$_2$+ l∼3% CO$_2$) at 0$\^{C}$ and 98% RH for 6weeks. CA storage decreased the respiration rate of Fuji apple by 50% when compared with normal air storage. The transpiration rates of apple showed 50∼70% higher in normal air storage than those in CA storage and were decreased by increasing CO$_2$concentration under same concentration of O$_2$. The transpiration rates estimated by the selected model were in good agreement with experimental data for Fuji apples under controlled atmosphere conditions and normal air. When the respiratory heat generation rate u of Fuji apple increased with storage conditions, the evaporating surface temperature and transpiration rate also increased. But since some portion of respiratory heat was used as latent heat in the evaporating surface, the change of u value had a little effect on the determination of the evaporation temperature and the transpiration rate.

Ecophysiological Studied on the Matter Production of Soybean to the Environmental Stress (환경스트레스에 대한 대두의 물질생산에 관한 생태생리학적 연구 제1보. 토양수분조건이 콩의 증산작용, 건물생산속도 및 요수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 이충열;김성만;김용철;최인수;박현철
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.368-374
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    • 1999
  • Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeum, Tanyeob and Enrei were planted in the same pot under glasshouse conditions to investigate the influence of the different soil water content such as pF 1.4(wet), 2.1(control) and 3.6(dry) on the transpiration rate, dry matter production and water requirement. The transpiration rate remained the high constant rates under the wet soil condition and the control than the dry condition, and showed a linear correlation between transpiration rate and solar radiation under the all condition of soil water. The transpiration rate highly increased in the morning, but dramatically decreased in the other time in a day. The dry matter production was higher under the conditions of wet soil and the control than that under the dry condition. Also, the dry matter production Tanyeob was higher than other cultivars under all soil water content. The water requirement was higher for Enrei and lower Tanyeob than the control.

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Effects Water Stress on Physiological Traits at Various Growth Stages of Rice

  • Choi, Weon-Young;Park, Hong-Kyu;Kang, Si-Yong;Kim, Sang-Su;Choi, Sun-Young
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.282-287
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    • 1999
  • The object of this study was to determine the difference of the time course changes of transpiration, diffusion resistance and photosynthetic rate of rice at several different growth stages subjected to soil moisture stress (SMS) and recovery by irrigation. A japonica rice cultivar 'Dongjinbyeo', was grown under flooded condition in a plastic container filled with silty loam soil. At 5 main growth stages, the container was treated by SMS until initial wilting point (IWP) and then reirrigated. The duration of SMS until IWP were the longest, 13 days for tillering stage, and the shortest, 7 days for panicle initiation and meiosis stage. The transpiration rate rapidly decreased during SMS and the transpiration rate at IWP of the stressed plant showed 10∼20% compared with control, and the transpiration rate of stressed plant at most growth stages also recovered rapidly after irrigation and then reached 100% of control within a week. The shoot photosynthetic rate in all growth stages rapidly decreased by SMS, and the rates at IWP of stressed plants were de-creased nearly to 0%, beside the treatment at tillering stage. The recovery degree of photosynthetic rate by irrigation ranged from 20 to 90%, showed higher at early growth stages of SMS treatment than that of later stages. At all growth stages the leaf diffusion resistance of stressed plants was over 3 times that of the control resulting from a rapid increase at 3 to 5 days after draining for SMS, and showed quick recovery by irrigation within 3 days after drainage. The above physiological parameters changed in close relation with the decrease of the soil matric potential after SMS. These results indicate that at all main growth stages of rice plants the transpiration and photosynthesis reduction by stomatal closure reponded sensitively to the first stage of SMS closely related with decrease of soil water potential, while those recovery pattern and recovered degree by irrigation are little different by growth stage of rice.

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The Study on the Physiological Differences for Major Fabaceae, Glycine soja and Glycine max in Korea (국내 주요 콩과식물인 돌콩(Glycine soja)과 백태(Glycine max) 간의 생리적 차이에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jae-Hoon;Kim, Eui-Joo;You, Young-Han
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.120-124
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    • 2021
  • In order to understand the vegetative role of Glycine soja, we studied the basic physiological characteristics between Glycine soja and Glycine max. For this study, the light intensity (μmol m-2 s-1) on leaf surface, leaf temperature (℃), transpiration rate (mmol m-2 s-1), photosynthetic rate (μmol m-2 s-1), substomatal CO2 partial pressure (vpm) of Glycine soja and Glycine max were measured, and the quantum yield, photosynthesis rate per substomatal CO2 partial pressure were calculated. In the results of simple regression analysis, the increasing quantum yield decreases leaf temperature both of Glycine soja and Glycine max and the increasing leaf temperature decreases transpiration rate in case of Glycine soja. However, in case of Glycine max, the increasing leaf temperature decreases substomatal CO2 partial pressure, photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic rate per substomatal CO2 partial pressure as well as transpiration rate. Also, increasing transpiration rate increases substomatal CO2 partial pressure while decreases photosynthetic rate per substomatal CO2 partial pressure. Thus, Glycine soja is relatively more easily adaptable to severe environments with low soil nutrients and high light levels. Compared to Glycine max susceptible to water loss due to a water-poor terrestrial habitat, the physiological traits of Glycine soja has a high average transpiration rate and are less susceptible to water loss will act as a factor that limits the habitat according to soil moisture.

Effect of Reflective Film Mulching on the Stomatal Features, Transpiration Rate and Photosynthetic Rate of Tomato Plants in Greenhouse Cultivation (반사필름 멀칭이 토마토의 기공특성, 증산속도, 광합성속도에 미치는 영향)

  • 조일환;김완순;허노열;권영삼
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.292-298
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    • 1997
  • These studies were conducted to verify the effect of the supplementary lighting by reflective film mulching and its establishment in the north side of greenhouse on the utility of light at tomato by means of investigating changes of leaf temperatures, stomatal features, transpiration rates and photosynthetic rates. Stomatal density of leaves were high in the reflective film mulching but sizes of stomata were not different. As the osmotic potential in rooting zone was low, the stomatal resistance was high, transpiration rate was low, and leaf temperature was increased by 40.62$^{\circ}C$. And also in the block of reflective film mulching photosynthetic rates were decreased hut chlorophyll contents were not different. Especially, there is an effect of controlling greenhouse whiteflies by treatment of reflective film mulching. It is thought that the reason of high quality or increasing yield at several crops by supplementary lighting, such as reflective film mulching, would be caused by influences of absorption and distribution of nutrients through high transpiration rate and photosynthesis which resulted from increase of stomata.

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Estimation of Transpiration Rate with a Metering Pump and its Application in Soilless Culture System (정량펌프를 이용한 무토양재배시스템의 증산량 추정 및 그 응용)

  • Son, Jung-Eek;Park, Jong-Seok
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.25-26
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    • 1998
  • Nutrient supplying by a metering pump often produces the inaccuracy in the rate of inflow than expected. In this study, we developed the transpiration estimation system using the metering pump to measure the continuous supplying rate as well as to estimate the accurate transpiration rate. The system showed the stable characteristics by eliminating the fluctuations in the head loss of nutrient tank. The direct proportionality between the supplying time and the supplied nutrient solution was obtained. The exact correlation between the integrated solar radiation and the transpiration rate using the system was calculated, and correlation coefficients between the two factors were 0.98 in the NFT system and 0.92 in the aggregate system. This results suggest that the integrated solar radiation was an important factor to directly decide the supplying volume of nutrient solution in soilless culture system. The deveolped system using the metering pump in the study was able to control the supply of the nutrient solution to the crops adjusting to the variation of solar radiation.

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Changes of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis under Different Shade Materials in Korean Ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) (해가림자재에 따른 인삼의 엽록소 형광 반응 및 광합성 변화)

  • Won, Jun-Yeon;Lee, Chung-Yeol;Oh, Dong-Joo;Kim, Sung-Man
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.416-420
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    • 2008
  • This study was conducted to investigate the influence of shading material on the chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and its any correlations in Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer. Fo was higher in polyethylene shade net than in silver-coated shading plate, but this treatment caused a lower Fm in comparison with silver-coated shading plate. Also, Fv/Fm and PhiPS2 showed higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net. The relationship between net photosynthetic rate and transpiration, stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR (Photosynthetic active radiation) was increased and reached maximum at the $200-400\;{\mu}mol/m^{2}/s$ of PAR in all of leaves, and the higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net. A linear equation was obtained between net photosynthetic rate and transpiration, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. SPAD was higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net.

Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Production of Liriope platyphylla $W_{ANG}\;et\;T_{ANG}$ (차광처리에 의한 맥문동의 광합성 및 물질 생산 특성)

  • Won, Jun-Yeon;Lee, Chung-Yeol
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.82-87
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to investigate the influence of shading treatment on the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and its any correlations in Liriope platyphylla $W_{ANG}\;et\;T_{ANG}$. Followings were achieved as a conclusion. The net photosynthetic rate was increased as the PAR was increased and reached maximum at the $700-1000{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ of PAR in all of leaves, also this treatment caused a higher net photosynthetic rate in comparison with control. It shows the tendency of increasing stomatal conductance caused by the increment of PAR. The diurnal changes of photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were increased as the PAR was increased in the morning, but they indicated a decreased tendency in broad day. The relationship between net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance is well fit by the first regression linear equation. However, the values obtained from the linear equation have the different, respectively, and have highly significance. From the above results, net photosynthetic rate of shading treatment is higher than control in the same stomatal conductance. Different first regression linear equation were obtained between the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in during the control and shading treatment, too.

Fundamental study on the evapo-transpiration requirements of paddy rice plant (수도용수량계획상의 엽면증발량 및 주간수면증발량에 관한 기초적인 연구)

  • 김철기
    • Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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    • v.2 no.6_7
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    • pp.12-23
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    • 1969
  • The purpose of this study is to find out the reasonable amount of evapo-transpiration required for the paddy rice plant during the whole growing season. So, on the basis of the 3year experimental data concerning the evapo-transpiration from 1966 to 1968, the author obtained the following results. 1) The leaf area index in the densely planted plot is generally higher than that in the conventionally planted one during the first half of growing season. So, the coefficient of transpiration in the former plot is some what higher than in the latter, and the coefficient of water surface evaporation under the plant cover has the inverse relation between both plots. 2) It is unreasonable that coefficient of evapo-transpiration is applied to the calculation of the evapo-transpiration requirments of each growing stage, because a certain degree of variation in meteorological factors and in the thickness of the plant growth is involved in it. 3) It is most reasonable that the rate of transpiration and of the water surface evaporation is applied to the calculation of the transpirated amount and evaporated one in each growing stage because it shows almost constant value in spite of any meteorological conditions in so far as the variety of rice, planted density and control of applying fertilizer are same and the disease and blight are negligible. 4) The ratio of the amount of transpiration to the weight of the whole air dried yields has the tendency of decreasing as that of the yields increase, having almost constant value despite the amount of pan evaporation; and the value is about 210 when the weight of root parts is included to that of the yields. 5) Although the required amount of transpiration during the whole growing season can be calculated with the above ratio, fig. 7 showing the relation between the amount of transpiration and the weight of the yields is more reasonable and will be convinient to find it. And the requirements of water surface evaporation during the same season can also be directly found with the weight of air dried straw refering to fig.8.

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