• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.305-308
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• 2007

The field of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) is being researched actively at present. Because DSC has several advantages to pass the limits of Si solar cells such as a low manufacturing expense, a simple manufacturing process and its transparency. A lot of researches are underway about materials and processes in the field of dye-sensitized solar cell but its structure has been fixed up as the sandwich structure that both edges are used as positive and negative terminals. But the structure as of present is a factor of decreasing efficiency because the more electrons are recombined the further distance from terminal, considering about the characteristic of dye-sensitized solar cell that electrons generated inside cell are moved by diffusion. In this study, we made experiment on expanding the terminal to shorten internal moving distance of electron and compared the results according to the variation of active area to find out the effect of this trial. As a result, we achieved about 15.5% improvement of maximum power and 0.5% improvement of efficiency from terminal-expanded dye-sensitized solar cell of $2cm^{2}$ active area and concluded that the increasing rate of efficiency is raised as the active area becomes wider.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.615-618
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• 2009

In order to apply for transparent conductive oxide(TCO), we deposited ZnO thin film on the glass at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering method. Deposition conditions for low resistivity were optimized in our previous studies. Under the deposition condition with the RF power of 800 [W]. Sheet resistance and surface roughness of ITO and ZnO thin film were measured by Hall-effect measurement system and AFM, respectively. The sheet resistance of ITO and ZnO thin film were 7.290 [$\Omega$] and 4.882 [$\Omega$], respectively. and surface roughness were 3.634 [nm] and 0.491 [nm], respectively. Green OLED was fabricated with the structure of TPD(400 [$\AA$])/Alq3(600 [$\AA$])/LiF(5 [$\AA$])/Al(1200 [$\AA$]). Turn-on voltage of green OLED applied ITO was 7 [V] and luminance was 7,371 [$cd/m^2$]. And, Turn-on voltage of green OLED applied ZnO was 14 [V] and luminance was 6,332 [$cd/m^2$].

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.79-89
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• 2010

In recent years, IT organizations are in the process of introducing IT Governance as the concept and measure of transparency, accountability and effectiveness of IT activities and control for managing governance processes. In this paper, the influential factors for IT organizations to adopt COBIT(The Control Objectives for Information and related Technology) which is a typical framework for effective IT Governance execution were classified and analyzed empirically into internal and external factors. Internal factors were designed based on influential factors in the theory of innovation diffusion, and external factors were designed based on influential factors from outside certification which were absent in COBIT and expertise support from the outside. The result of this study showed that understandability, transition and effectiveness which were internal factors had no effect on COBIT introduction, and only expertise support among certification and expertise support which were external factors had significant effects. This result shows that there are lack of COBIT supports and introduction in internal IT organizations. It is expected that the result of this study will allow strategic approach of COBIT adoption in future by verifying influential factors of COBIT introduction within IT organizations.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1996

PVB was blended with PMMA in order to recycle scraped PVB material which recovered in the safety glass manufactories. The purpose of this research on PVB/PMMA blend was applied with excellent tackiness and transparency of PVB as a material of high strength to make the maximum use. Also, the blending of PVB with PMMA was aimed at the increase of impact strength of PMMA because the elastic property of PVB might decrease the brittleness of PMMA due to the lack of inner impact resistance. Izod impact resistance was propotional to increase the content of PVB, which was predominantly increased in the addition of 10phr above MBS. High rate impact resistance showed a tendency to Increase but it showed a tendency to decrease maximum load and energy if the contents of PVB increased. On the other hand total energy and ductile index showed a tendency to increase excellent impact resistance in the addition of MBS contents. As a result of observed surface of PVB/PMMA blends, the size of PVB domain increased distribution homogenuously, in the addited MBS contents increased it showed distribution homogeneously and partially a wetability.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2020

Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors, because of their relatively low mobility, have limits in attempts to fulfill high-end specifications for display backplanes. In-Zn-O (IZO) is a promising semiconductor material for high mobility device applications with excellent transparency to visible light region and low temperature process capability. In this paper, the effects of working pressure on the physical and electrical properties of IZO films and thin film transistors are investigated. The working pressure is modulated from 2 mTorr to 5 mTorr, whereas the other process conditions are fixed. As the working pressure increases, the extracted optical band gap of IZO films gradually decreases. Absorption coefficient spectra indicate that subgap states increase at high working pressure. Furthermore, IZO film fabricated at low working pressure shows smoother surface morphology. As a result, IZO thin film transistors with optimum conditions exhibit excellent switching characteristics with high mobility (≥ 30㎠/Vs) and large on/off ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 1984

Heavy metal fluoride glasses exhibit considerable promise as high transparency materials from the UV to the IR. These glasses are prepared by fusion of the mixture of metal fulorides($ZrF_4$, $BaF_2$, $LaF_3$ etc) at 800-1, 00$0^{\circ}C$ under the inert$(N_2)$ or reactive ($CCl_4$, $Cl_2$) atmosphere following the casting into glass on cooling. Infrared absorption at the 3, 400 cm-1 -OH peak has been measured as a function of thickness for several ZrF-$BaF_2$-LaF and $HfF_4$-$BaF_2$-$LaF_3$ glasses to separate contributions from bulk and surface -OH. For glasses melted under $CCl_4$ reactive atmosphere the peak is due almost entirely to surface-OH. and melting in a closed reactor was best for removing -OH. In ambient atmosphere the -OH peak exhibited no time dependence over a 30 d period indicating a very small rate of surface attack by atmospheric H2O. Removal of -OH absorption processing was generally easier and more complete for the $BaF_2$/ThF4-glasses than for the $ZrF_4$-or $HfF_4$-based glasses.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.364-369
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• 2004

The barrier and optical properties of AlO$_{x}$ thin films on polycarbonate deposited by Reactive Ion Beam Sputtering (RIBS) were investigated at different oxygen partial pressure. We measured the deposition rate of AlO$_{x}$ thin films. As the oxygen partial pres-sure increased, the deposition rate increased then decreased. The changes of deposition rate are associated with the properties of deposited films. The properties of deposited AlO$_{x}$ thin films were studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scan-ning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Optimum deposition parameters were found for fabricat-ing aluminum oxide thin films with high optical transparency for visible light and low Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR). The optical transmittance of AlO$_{x}$ thin film deposited on polycarbonate (PC) showed the same value of bare PC.bare PC.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2015

A conflict of interest is usually defined as a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgments or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced by a secondary interest. In general, a conflict of interest can be classified as either a financial or a non-financial one. A financial conflict of interest reportedly occurs frequently in medical (and psychiatric) research and practice and is associated with a greater likelihood of reporting results favorable to the intervention being studied. A non-financial conflict of interest may occur in psychiatric research and practice as a result of the so-called "allegiance effect." It is very important that clinicians and researchers in the field of psychiatry be aware that their field is vulnerable to both financial and non-financial conflicts of interest. Considering that it is impossible in modern psychiatry to be completely free from possible conflicts of interest, the best way to manage a conflict of interest is disclosure based on the principles of transparency. Actions that might lead to conflicts of interest should be avoided as much as possible.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1291-1292
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• 2008

ITO is widely used as an anode material in OLED, because of its good transparency, low electrical resistivity, high work function, and efficient hole injection properties. The interface between the electrode and the organic layer in the OLED effects the charge injection process and may influence the electrical and the luminance properties. Surface treatment of ITO, such as an Aquaregia treatment has been shown to enhance the efficiency, and luminance characteristics of the OLED. In this study, we investigated the effect of Aquaregia treatment. The fundamental structures of the OLED were ITO/NPB/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al. The current density-voltage-luminance, efficiency, and lifetime characteristics were measured with untreated and Aquaregia-treated ITO substrates. The Aquaregia treatment was found to enhance the performance of OLED. For the Aquaregia treated device, the maximum luminance and efficiency were increased by about 2 times compared to the untreated device. The mechanism of the Aquaregia treatment is discussed based on AFM analyses.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.53
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• pp.265-288
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• 2012

Trade in service, which deals with intangible product, is distinguished from trade of goods for tangible product. The current multilateral service trade is based on GATS which includes MFN, securing the predictability as well as transparency of related service rules, specific commitment basis market access national treatment. Recently the WTO service disputes are increasing according to the frequent filing complaints against the regulation of service trade in China. The rules of GATS are not as strict as those of GATT. The commitment schedules, which were materialized between members, gets binding effect through the obligatory provisions of GATS. The GATS is inseparable relation with the Appendix of finance, of telecommunication, and of air transport, with the schedules of commitment of member states, and with the reference paper to the 4th protocol. GATS article XIV which is the general exception of GATS has a similar structure of GATT article XX. Based on the possibility of filing to the WTO, there is a need to examine whether the whole rules, regulation, and policy international trade in service of Korea perfectly macthed with the GATS. Korea with poor resources should take up the more positive attitude for the opening of international service market. According to the reciprocal aspects of concession, if Korea doesn't open a service market, the other WTO member country wouldn't allow Korea to access the their market as well as national treatment.