• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.322-329
• /
• 2005

Viscous flows behind transom stern are analyzed based on CFD simulation results. Stern wave pattern is often complicated due to the abrupt change of stern surface curvature and flow separation at transom. When a ship advances at high speed, whole transom stern is exposed out of water, resulting in the so-called 'dry transom'. However, in the moderate speed regime, stern wave development in conjunction of flow separation makes unstable wavy surface partially covering transom surface, i.e., the so-called 'wetted transom'. Transom wave formation is usually affecting the resistance characteristics of a ship, since the pressure contribution on transom surface as well as the wave-making resistance is changed. Flow modeling for 'wetted transom' is difficult, while the 'dry transom modeling' is often applied for the high-speed vessels. In the present study CFD results from the RANS equation solver using a finite volume method with level-set treatment are utilized to assess the topology of transom flow pattern for a destroyer model (DTMB5415) and a container ship (KCS). It is found that transom flow patterns are quite different for the two ships, in conformity to the shape of submerged transom. Furthermore, the existence of free surface seems to after the flow topology in case of KCS.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2004

A numerical method is developed for computing the free surface flows around a transom stern of a ship at a high Froude number. At high speed, the flow may be detached from the flat transom stern. In the limit of the high Froude number, the problem becomes a planning problem. In the present study, we make the finite-element computations for a transom stern flows around a wedge-shaped floating ship. The numerical method is based on the Hamilton's principle. The problem is formulated as an initial value problem with nonlinear free surface conditions. In the numerical procedures, the domain was discretized into a set of finite elements and the numerical quadrature was used for the functional equation. The time integrations of the nonlinear free surface condition are made iteratively at each time step. A set of large algebraic equations is solved by GMRES(Generalized Minimal RESidual, Saad and Schultz 1986) method which is proven very efficient. The computed results are compared with previous numerical results obtained by others.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2020

Hydrodynamic Drag of Surface combatants pose significant challenges with regard to fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions. Stern flaps have been used widely as an energy saving device, particularly by the US Navy (Hemanth et al. 2018a, Hemanth Kumar and Vijayakumar 2018b). In the present investigation the effect of flap turning angle on drag reduction is numerically and experimentally studied for a high-speed displacement surface combatant fitted with a stern flap in the Froude number range of 0.17-0.48. Parametric investigations are undertaken for constant chord length & span and varying turning angles of 5° 10° & 15°. Experimental resistance values in towing tank tests were validated with CFD. Investigations revealed that pressure increased as the flow velocity decreased with an increase in flap turning angle which was due to the centrifugal action of the flow caused by the induced concave curvature under the flap. There was no significant change in stern wave height but there was a gradual increase in the stern wave steepness with flap angle. Effective length of the vessel increased by lengthening of transom hollow. In low Froude number regime, flow was not influenced by flap curvature effects and pressure recovery was marginal. In the intermediate and high Froude number regimes pressure recovery increased with the flap turning angle and flow velocity.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2001

This study focuses on the potential flow analysis for a hull with the transom stern. The method is based on a low order panel method. The Kelvin type free-surface boundary condition which is known to better fit experimental data for a high speed is applied. To treat a dry transom stern effect a special treatment for the free-surface boundary condition is adopted at the free-surface region after the transom stern. Trim and sinkage, which are important in high speed ships, are considered by an iterative method. Pressure and momentum approaches are used to calculate the wave resistance. Numerical calculations are performed for Athena hull and these results are compared with the experimental data and also other computational results.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 트랜섬 선미 후류 난류유동 특성을 알아보기 위하여 Re = $3.5{\times}10^3$ 및 Re = $7.0{\times}10^3$에서 2-프레임 그레이레벨 상호상관 PIV기법을 적용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 트랜섬 선미의 형상은 선저와 트랜섬이 이루는 각을 기준으로 $45^{\circ}$(모델 A), $90^{\circ}$(모델 B) 및 $135^{\circ}$(모델 C)로 구분하여 적용하였다. 모델의 침수깊이는 40 mm로 자유수면과 접하도록 설치하였다. 난류유동을 평균하여 난류강도, 레이놀즈 응력, 난류운동에너지에 대한 통계적 유동정보를 제공하였다. 난류강도는 자유수면과 모델의 하부 박리유동과의 상호작용으로 강하게 작용하며, 레이놀즈 응력과 난류운동에너지는 모델 C형(Raked transom)에서 낮은 분포가 나타났다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제30권8호
• /
• pp.631-636
• /
• 2006

본 연구에서는 자유수면 위를 고속으로 항주하는 트랜섬 선미를 채택한 선박에 의하여 발생되는 선박주위 및 트랜섬 선미 끝단에서의 비선형 자유수면 경계조건식을 만족하는 자유 수면에서의 파형을 해석하는 수치해석 기법에 대하여 연구, 선체주위 유동해석프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 수치해석 프로그램의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 고속선인 Athena선형, KCS(KRISO container ship)선형에 대하여 수치해석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 모형시험에 의하여 계측된 실험결과와 서로 비교하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.805-810
• /
• 2011

트랜섬 선미 형상변화에 따른 후류 유동특성을 알아보기 위해 $Re=3.5{\times}103$ 및 $Re=7.0{\times}103$에서 수면하부 유동을 계측하였다. 선미형상변화에 따른 유동장 계측을 위해 2-프레임 그레이레벨 상호상관 PIV기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 선미형상은 실선조사 결과를 바탕으로 선저와 이루는 각을 각각 $45^{\circ}$(모델 A), $90^{\circ}$(모델 B) 및 $135^{\circ}$(모델 C)를 실험에 적용하였다. 모델의 선미 침수면의 깊이는 자유 수면으로부터 40mm를 기초하였다. 레이놀즈수가 증가함에 따라, 와의 규모가 증가하고 하류로 길게 형성되는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2005

본 연구에서는 자유수면 위를 고속으로 항주하는 트랜섬 선미를 채택한 선박에 의하여 발생되는 선박주위 및 트랜섬 선미 끝단에서의 비선형 자유수면 경계조건을 만족하는 자유수면에서의 유동 및 파형을 해석하는 수치해석기법에 대하여 연구하고 포텐셜 유동해석기법인 랜킨소오스 패널법을 사용하여 선체주위 유동해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 수치해석 프로그램의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 고속선인 Athena선형, KCS(KRISO container ship)선형에 대하여 수치해석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 모형시험에 의하여 계측된 실험결과와 서로 비교하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.488-503
• /
• 2012

The stern boat deployment system was investigated to evaluate the capability of launching and recovering rigid hull inflatable boat (RHIB) via the stern ramp. The main parameters to launch and recover RHIB were tested at the design stage. The combined hydrodynamic effect of the stern wake and the water jet flow made it difficult to maintain the maneuvering and sea-keeping ability of RHIB approaching to the stern ramp. The safe recovery course was proposed to maintain the directional control of RHIB and to reduce the combined hydrodynamic effect in the transom zone. To evaluate the feasibility of RHIB recovery, the stern sill depth was measured in various conditions and the ramp availability time was obtained. Also, the experimental percent time operability (PTO) test was performed by the number of successive launching and recovering operations.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2008

A new solution method was developed to solve the free surface flow around a hull and named as 'Variable Free Surface Panel Method'. In the method the non-linearity of the free surface boundary conditions was fully taken into account and the raised panel method was employed to effectively solve the problem. The transom stern flow was also considered and the panel on the hull was generated using the panel cutting method. Numerical calculations were performed for KCS(KRISO Container Ship) hull form and compared with the experimental data to confirm the validity of the method. The comparison with the conventional free surface panel method was also accomplished. It is confirmed that new method gives more reliable results than the conventional method.