• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

The essential operating parameters in virus vaccine production are multiplicity of infection (MOI), harvest time, and infection time. Stimulating agents also can be applied in order to improve vaccine productivity further. We investigated the optimum operating conditions in porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) vaccine production and the applicability of sodium butyrate (NaBu) as a stimulating agents for the improvement of vaccine productivity. The optimum MOI, infection time, and harvest time for high production of TGEV by swine testicle (ST) cells were found to be 0.0001 pfu/cell, 3 day after cell inoculation, and 24 hpi, respectively. NaBu is known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been widely used for the high expression of recombinant protein using mammalian cells and for the enhancement of virus propagation. So we tried to examine the potential of NaBu as a stimulating agent and to determine the optimum concentration by comparing TGEV titers with different range of NaBu concentration. TGEV titer with 5 mM NaBu was 1.5 times higher than control. Therefore, we concluded that NaBu can be a promising agent for stimulating various vaccine production including TGEV and the optimum NaBu concentration for TGEV production was determined to be 5 mM.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.336-344
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• 1998

Eight monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) against the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were produced and characterized. Four of the MAbs were produced against a reference TGEV, Purdue strain(P115) and the others were produced against the Korean vaccine virus, Pyungtaek strain. Only one MAb(5C8) produced against P115 had neutralizing activity and was found to be E2 protein-specific. The other seven MAbs(4E2, 4G8, 5H6, 1F8, 2C6, 5H5, and 3A6) had specificity of nucleocapsid protein and no neutralizing activity. All MAbs reacted with different strains of TGEV, but none of the MAbs was reactive with porcine enteropathogenic viruses such as rotavirus, epidemic diarrhea virus and enterovirus by fluorescence antibody(FA) test.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) has been a significant cause of economic losses in pig farming industry since 1950s. Although transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has declined in recent years, it should not be excluded because of its characteristics; the frequency of gene mutation, the mortality in piglets, and the possibility for sudden incidence. Therefore, the herd-level monitoring of the virus is important to prevent further circulation of TGE. The aim of this study is to develop a large-scale sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with high specificity to rapidly detect TGEV in feces by using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). The TGEV specific Mabs were produced in hybridoma cells. Among the Mabs belonged to the IgG class developed by this study, the final selected 8H6, 1B7, 4G3, and 1F8 were identified to have the neutralization ability against TGEV. The sandwich ELISA was established using 8H6 as a reporter antibody and 1B7 and the reported 5C8 as a capture antibody. The developed sandwich ELISA was able to distinguish TGEV from other pathogenic diarrheal agents (porcine rotavirus, porcine reovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), E. coli, and C. perfringens) in tissue culture as well as fecal samples. And the detection rate of TGEV in feces was 80% compared with RT-PCR. The results suggested that the developed sandwich ELISA may be useful in the herd-level monitoring for effective preventive measures due to the early diagnosis of TGEV using a large amount of samples.

• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.27-27
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• 2003

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infections are considered difficult to distinguish clinically and histopathologically. Prompt differentiation between PEDV- and TGEV-associated enteritis would greatly facilitate the management of disease in countries where PEDV and TGEV are epizootic. Rapid differential diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reducing mortality and morbidity from PEDV- and TGEV-induced enteritis in piglets. The objective for this study was to develop a protocol to differentiate between PEDV and TGEV directly from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, using a multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay. (omitted)

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2004

Three pairs of specific primers were developed for rapid and precise RT-PCR detection of three seed-transmissible viruses, namely Peanut clump virus (PCV, Pecluvirus), White clover mosaic virus (WCIMV, Potexvirus) and Carrot red leaf virus (CaRLV, Luteovirus). Each primer set was found in conserved region through multiple sequence alignment in the DNAMAN. Total nucleic acids extracted from PCV-, WCMV-, and CaRLV-infected seeds and healthy plants were used for RT-PCR detection using each virus-specific primer, Sizes of PCV, WCIMV, and CaRLV PCR products were 617bp (PCV-uni5 and PCV-uni3 primers), 561bp (WCMV-CP5 and WCMV-CP3 primers), and 626bp (CL1-UP and CL2-DN primers); which corresponded to the target sizes. Nucleotides sequences of each amplified cDNA were confirmed which belonged to the original virus. This study suggests that these virus-specific primer sets can specifically amplify viral sequences in infected seeds. Thus, they can be used for specific detection of three viruses (PCV, WCMV and CaRLV) from imported seed samples for plant quarantine service.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.627-633
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• 1996

To analyze the genomic diversity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the N-terminal half of the spike (S) glycoprotein gene and nonstructural protein gene (open reading frames 3 and 3-1) were amplified by reverse transcriptase reaction and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the amplified DNA. In this study, TGEV Miller (M6) and Purdue (P115) strains were used as reference strains, and two vaccine strains (MSV and STC3) and four Korea isolates (P44, VRI-WP, VRI-41, and VRI-48) were analyzed. All TGEV strains were amplified with three TGEV primer pairs. Although there was some exception in RFLP analysis, this method differentiated TGEV strains into following groups : Miller group (M6 and MSV), Purdue group (PUS, STC3, P44, VRI-WP, VRI-41, and VRI-48). Using Sau3AI and SspI, VRI-48 was differentiated from the Miller and Purdue type viruses. The RT/PCR in conjuction with RFLP analysis was a rapid and valuable tool for differentiating several strains of TGEV. This study revealed the occurences of distinct difference in genome of TGEV strains.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2019

Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a disease confined to pigs of all ages, and can be a significant cause of economic loss in breeding herds, primarily because of the very high piglet mortality. The causative agent is a coronavirus, an enveloped positive strand RNA virus and closely related but non-enteropathogenic porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Although the TGEV has declined with its innocent relative, PRCV, further genome changes could not be excluded. Therefore, the herd-level immunity against this virus is important for the prevention of disease and should be carefully monitored. The aim of this study is to develop monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) which can rapidly and accurately determine a large numbers of serum samples for surveillance purpose, and to compare the ELISA with a TGEV-specific serum neutralization test. The MAC-ELISA was sufficiently achieved, and the comparison with the virus-specific serum neutralization assays for 713 sera from pig farms showed a high correlation ($r^2=0.812$, P<0.001). The specificity and sensitivity of MAC-ELISA for the serum neutralization test 91.9% and 91.6%, respectively, which means that the antibody detected by the MAC-ELISA could be said to be protective antibodies. In conclusion, the developed MAC-ELISA would be very helpful in evaluating protective antibodies against TGEV.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2015

세포주를 이용하여 생산하는 생물의약품과 생산용 세포주는 세포 배양 과정 중에 사용되는 돼지 유래 trypsin으로 부터 외래성 돼지 유래 바이러스가 오염될 가능성이 있다. PTGV는 세포배양 유래 생물의악품 제조공정에서 오염될 수 있는 외래성 바이러스 중의 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 생물의 약품 제조공정에서 PTGV 안전성을 확보하기 위해, 세포주, 원료물질, 제조공정, 완제품에서 PTGV를 정량적으로 검출하고, 제조공정에서 PTGV 제거 검증을 위한 시험법으로 활용이 가능한 TaqMan probe real-time RT-PCR 시험법을 확립하였다. PTGV에 특이적인 primer와 probe를 선별하여 PTGV 정량검출 시험법을 최적화하였다. 세포배양법에 의한 감염역가와 비교한 결과 real-time RT-PCR의 검출한계는 1.10 × 10⁰ TCID₅₀/ml이었다. 확립된 시험법의 신뢰성을 보증하기 위해 시험법 검증을 실시한 결과 특이성과 재현성, 완건성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 확립된 real-time RT-PCR 을 생물의약품 제조공정 검증에 적용할 수 있는지 확인하기 위하여 인위적으로 PTGV를 오염시킨 CHO-K1 세포주에서 PTGV 검출 시험을 실시하였다. PTGV를 감염시킨 CHO-K1 세포에서 세포변병효과를 관찰할 수 없었지만, 세포배양액에서 PTGV를 정량적으로 검출할 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.515-530
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• 1995

Coronaviridae에 속하는 transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)와 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)를 specific하게 detection할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 두 바이러스 모두 RNA 바이러스이기 때문에 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)으로 nucleocapsid(N) protein gene의 cDNA를 증폭시켰다. SmaI으로 처리한 pTZ19R에 ligation시킨 후 염기서열을 밝히고자 sequencing하였다. 각각의 prototype virus와 비교하여 상동성을 밝혔다. 두 바이러스에 대한 cDNA probe를 제작하여 Southern blot hybridization을 실시하였다. TGEV의 경우 백신주인 P45와 병독주인 Miller strain을 사용하였다. cDNA를 증폭시키기 위해 N1/N1R과 N2/N2R 두 가지 primer를 이용한 결과, N1/N1R primer의 경우 586bp 크기의 PCR product를 얻을 수 있었고, N2/N2R primers로 582bp의 cDNA를 증폭시킬 수 있었다. PEDV 실험을 위하여 PED 임상 증상을 나타내는 분변을 이용하여 RT-PCR을 실시하였다. P2/P2R primer로 753bp의 PCR product를 얻을 수 있었다. TGEV의 두 가지 strain의 N protein gene을 sequencing하여 prototype인 Purdue strain과 염기서열 상동성을 조사한 결과, 97%이상의 높은 homology를 나타내었다. PED-V 역시 N protein gene을 sequencing하여 CV777과 염기서열 상동성을 조사한 결과 97%이상의 homology로 PEDV임을 알 수 있었다. TGEV와 PEDV의 염기서열을 비교한 결과 29%의 낮은 homology를 관찰할 수 있었다. 두 가지 바이러스의 N protein gene에 대한 cDNA probe를 제작하여 Southern blot hybridization을 한 결과, 각 바이러스에 매우 특이적 반응을 나타내었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.203-206
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 생물반응기에서 효율적으로 돼지 전염성 백신을 생산하기 위해 swine testicle cell을 host cell로 하는 백신 생산 시스템을 확립하였고, 이를 위한 최적 MOI, 최적 감염시기, 최적 수확시기 등 백신 생산 조건을 확립하였다. 또한 보다 안전한 백신 생산을 위해 통계적 방법에 의해 무 혈청 배지를 개발하였고 백신 생산 면에서의 가장 우수한 무 혈청 배지를 선정하였다.