• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2005

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cells were transformed with rice expansin genes, OsEXPA4, OsEXPB3, OsEXPB4, and OsEXPB6, to elucidate the function of the genes in tobacco cells. The transformation increased the mass of the callus by $36\%-65 \%$, and the cell length by $12\%-28\%$. The cell width was decreased by $3\%$ for OsEXPB3, not changed for OsEXPB4, increased by $25\%\;and\;20\%$ for OsEXPA4 and OsEXPB6, respectively. From database search, seven expansin genes were found and six of them belong to EXPA group and one of them belongs to EXPB group. EXLA and EXLB were not found. All tobacco expansin genes were evenly distributed in the phylogenetic tree of rice and Arabidopsis expansin genes.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various protocols and systems for finishing and polishing monolithic zirconia on surface topography, phase transformation, and bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three hundred monolithic zirconia specimens were fabricated and then treated with three finishing and polishing systems (Jota [JO], Meisinger [ME], and Edenta [ED]) using four surface treatment protocols: coarse finishing alone (C); coarse finishing and medium polishing (CM); coarse finishing and fine polishing (CF); and coarse finishing, medium polishing, and fine polishing (CMF). Surface roughness, crystal phase transformation, and bacterial adhesion were evaluated using atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and streptococcal biofilm formation assay, respectively. One-way and two-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze the results (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. In this study, the surface treatment protocols and systems had significant effects on the resulting roughness. The CMF protocol produced the lowest roughness values, followed by CM and CF. Use of the JO system produced the lowest roughness values and the smallest biofilm mass, while the ME system produced the smallest partial transformation ratio. The ED group exhibited the highest roughness values, biofilm mass, and partial transformation ratio. CONCLUSION. Stepwise surface treatment of monolithic zirconia, combined with careful polishing system selection, is essential to obtaining optimal microstructural and biological surface results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.601-618
• /
• 2000

Let (and $g^*$) be the space of regular test (and generalized, resp.) white noise functions. The integral kernel operators acting on and transformation groups of operators on are studied, and then every integral kernel operator acting on can be extended to continuous linear operator on $g^*$. The existence and uniqueness of solutions of Cauchy problems associated with certain integral kernel operators with intial data in $g^*$ are investigated.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.445-455
• /
• 1996

In this paper we study the Reidemeister number $R(f_G)$ for a self-map $f_G : (X, G) \to (X, G)$ of the transformation group (X,G), as an extenstion of the Reidemeister number R(f) for a self-map $f : X \to X$ of a topological space X.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.58 no.1
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2014

A facile transformation of aryl aldehydes to benzyl iodides through one-pot reductive iodination is reported. This protocol displays remarkable functional group tolerance and the title compound was obtained in good to excellent yield.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.717-723
• /
• 1997

The compact transformation group has been developed with lots of properties. Many properties which are satisfied on G-space for compact group G do not hold for noncompact case. To recover some theory on spaces with noncompact group action we give some restriction on G-spaces. Hence we introduced Cartan G-spaces and proper G-spaces for our goal and we prove some properties on these G-spaces with noncompact G.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2006

We study some dynamical properties in the context of bitransformation groups, and show that if (H,X,T) is a bitransformation group such that (H,X) is almost periodic and (X/H,T) is pointwise almost periodic $T_2$ and $x{\in}X$, then $E_x=\{q{\in}E(H,X){\mid}qx{\in}{\overline{xT}\}$ is a compact $T_2$ topological group and $E_{qx}=E_x(q{\in}E(H,X))$ when H is abelian, where E(H,X) is the enveloping semigroup of the transformation group (H,X).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2014.10a
• /
• pp.800-811
• /
• 2014

Recent developments in the prediction of the contribution of windnoise to the interior SPL have opened a realm of new possibilities in terms of i) how the convective and acoustic sources terms can be identified, ii) how the interaction between the source terms and the side glass can be described and finally iii) how the transfer path from the sources to the interior of the vehicle can be modelled. This work discusses in details these three aspects of wind noise simulation and recommends appropriate methods to deliver required results at the right time based on i) simulation and experimental data availability, ii) design stage at which a decision must be made and iii) time available to deliver these results. Several simulation methods are used to represent the physical phenomena involved such as CFD, FEM, BEM, FE/SEA Coupled and SEA. Furthermore, a 1D and 2D wavenumber transformation is used to extract key parameters such as the convective and the acoustic component of the turbulent flow from CFD and/or experimental data whenever available. This work focuses on the validation of the wind noise source characterization method and the vibro-acoustic models on which the wind noise sources are applied.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.524-530
• /
• 2017

Background: Panax ginseng is a physiologically active plant widely used in traditional medicine that is characterized by the presence of ginsenosides. Rb1, a major ginsenoside, is used as the starting material for producing ginsenoside derivatives with enhanced pharmaceutical potentials through chemical, enzymatic, or microbial transformation. Methods: To investigate the bioconversion of ginsenoside Rb1, we prepared kimchi originated bacterial strains Leuconostoc mensenteroides WiKim19, Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20, Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49 and analyzed bioconversion products using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometer. Results: L. mesenteroides WiKim19 and Pediococcus pentosaceus WiKim20 converted ginsenoside Rb1 into the ginsenoside Rg3 approximately five times more than Lactobacillus brevis WiKim47, Leuconostoc lactis WiKim48, and Lactobacillus sakei WiKim49. L mesenteroides WIKim19 showed positive correlation with b-glucosidase activity and higher transformation ability of ginsenoside Rb1 into Rg3 than the other strains whereas, P. pentosaceus WiKim20 showed an elevated production of Rb3 even with lack of b-glucosidase activity but have the highest acidity among the five lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg5 concentration of five LABs have ranged from ${\sim}2.6{\mu}g/mL$ to $6.5{\mu}g/mL$ and increased in accordance with the incubation periods. Our results indicate that the enzymatic activity along with acidic condition contribute to the production of minor ginsenoside from lactic acid bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.250-250
• /
• 2002

This study confirmed that white rot fungus Irpex lacteus was able to metabolize 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with two different initial transformations. In one metabolic pathway of TNT a nitro group was removed from the aromatic ring of TNT. Hydride-Meisenheimer complexes of TNT (H/sup -/-TNT), colored dark redo were confirmed as the intermediate in this transformation by comparison with the synthetic compounds. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene as a following metabolic product was detected, and nitrite produced by denitration of $H^-$-TNT supported this transformation. In the other TNT pathway, nitro groups in TNT were successively reduced to amino groups via hydroxylamines. Hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluenes and amino-dinitrotoluenes were identified as the intermediates. The activity of a membrane-associated aromatic nitroreductase was detected in the cell-free extract of I. lacteus. This enzyme catalyzed the nitro group reduction of TNT with NADPH as a cofactor, Enzyme activity was not observed in the presence of molecular oxygen.