• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2002

Some factors had influence upon the grotesque image formation expressed in fashion: for instance, thanatos, religions, fin de siecle (end of the century), the aesthetics of ugliness, subculture group's resistance and technology development, etc. Those factors have formed a grotesque while exchanging influence each other, and have following features: First, the thanatos, which is destructive and aggressive instinct of the inner world of human being, creates frightening object and motif to form the images of grotesque. Second, from religious point of view, the church made the Devil a tool for maintenance of power: They manipulated physical body and give a damage to it to sublimate it in holy existence, so that they could feel catharsis. Third, there was fin de siecle (end of the century) to let people have negative life attitude, such as uneasiness on following century, eschatology, skepticism and nihilism, etc. Fourth, the ugliness having unpleasantness and disharmony occupies governing position when our society becomes corrupted and uneasy, and the aesthetics of ugliness discloses the inconsistency of ideal and beautiful life in the grotesque images. Fifth, subculture groups, i.e., the lower classes, homosexual and the youth's group, etc, form the grotesque images by political and ideological resistance, complaints and specific identity, etc concerning governing culture keeping traditional ethics consciousness. Sixth, recent technology development has destroyed a boundary between human being and machinery, and bio-technology development has created transplant operation, plastic operation and other human body transformation operations, and genome research, etc has raised human being's identity.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2006

Based on SAR signatures for bars, bar transformation is investigated from 2000 to 2005, and monitoring of suspended-silt transportations from terrestrial runoff is tried to understand the morphology during the events of severe rain storm. SAR data did not reveal clearly the bar locations because of most of data acquisitions during high tides form 6.8 m to 9.0 m. Even though the problem, it could be said that in the estuary vegetated area and natural levees are developed well, but bars are shifted after an event like a flood. It is also showed that suspended solids such as silt transported through the estuary could contributed highly to a sedimentation environment around Incheon. A navigational route could be designed with a minimum width of about 200m.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.793-797
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• 2014

To develop a methodology for absolute determination of the surface areal density of functional groups on organic and bio thin films, medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) spectroscopy was utilized to provide references for calibration of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Fourier transformation-infrared (FT-IR) intensities. By using the MEIS, XPS, and FT-IR techniques, we were able to analyze the organic thin film of a Ru dye compound ($C_{58}H_{86}O_8N_8S_2Ru$), which consists of one Ru atom and various stoichiometric functional groups. From the MEIS analysis, the absolute surface areal density of Ru atoms (or Ru dye molecules) was determined. The surface areal densities of stoichiometric functional groups in the Ru dye compound were used as references for the calibration of XPS and FT-IR intensities for each functional group. The complementary use of MEIS, XPS, and FT-IR to determine the absolute surface areal density of functional groups on organic and bio thin films will be useful for more reliable development of applications based on organic thin films in areas such as flexible displays, solar cells, organic sensors, biomaterials, and biochips.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

Two maize transposable elements, immobilized Ac (iAc) and Ds, have been introduced into the genome of a diploid potato clone (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja clone 1.22). The iAc is a modified Ac that is supposed to be unable to transpose but is expected to trans-activate the transposition of a Ds that is unable to transpose by itself. When the leaf and stem explants of in vitro shoots of the clone 1.22 were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harboring binary vectors containing the iAc and the Ds, calli were formed from the explants on media containing 50 mg/L of kanamycin, and shoots were regenerated from the calli. The regenerated shoots formed roots when cultured on media containing 100 mg/L of kanamycin, whereas untransformed shoots did not form roots on the same media. The PCR amplification of the DNA's from the transgenic plants confirmed that the iAc and the Ds elements were introduced into the potato genome of 1.22.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.793-798
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• 2011

Recently, pluripotency induction or cellular reprogramming by introducing critical transcription factors has been extensively studied, but has been demonstrated only in vitro. Based on reports that Oct4 is critically involved in transforming neural stem cells into pluripotent cells, we used the lentiviral vector to introduce the Oct4 gene into the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mice. We examined whether this manipulation led to cellular or behavioral changes, possibly through processes involving the transformation of NS cells into pluripotent cells. The Oct4 lentivirus-infused group and the green fluorescent protein lentivirus-infused group showed a similar thickness of the DG and a comparable level of synaptophysin expression in the DG. Furthermore, our behavioral analyses did not show any differences between the groups concerning exploratory activity, anxiety, or memory abilities. This first trial for pluripotency induction in vivo, despite negative results, provides implications and information for future studies on in vivo cellular reprogramming.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

To determine whether pattern recognition based on metabolite fingerprinting for whole cell extracts can be used to discriminate cultivars metabolically, leaves of nine commercial Orostachys plants were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). FT-IR spectral data from leaves were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of these PLS-DA data separated the nine Orostachys species into five major groups. The first group consisted of O. iwarenge 'Yimge', 'Jeju', 'Jeongsun' and O. margaritifolius 'Jinju' whereas in the second group, 'Sacheon' was clustered with 'Busan,' both of which belong to O. malacophylla species. However, 'Samchuk', belong to O. malacophylla was not clustered with the other O. malacophylla species. In addition, O. minuta and O. japonica were separated to the other Orostachys plants. Thus we suggested that the hierarchical dendrogram based on PLS-DA of FT-IR spectral data from leaves represented the most probable chemotaxonomical relationship between commercial Orostachys plants. Furthermore these metabolic discrimination systems could be applied for reestablishment of precise taxonomic classification of commercial Orostachys plants.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

It becomes more concerned that the cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in the process of malignant transformation and tumor behaviors including invasive growth and metastasis. It is postulated if the expression of adhesion molecule is reduced in tumor tissue, the tumor cell will be undifferentiated and lose their cell adhesion ability and polarity. So the tumor cells lost the adhesion of cell to cell and to basement membrane that they became more aggressive. Reduced cadherin expression enhances invasiveness through infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor cells is well known and mostly accepted in many epithelia tumors. We explored the expression of E-cadherin by immunohistochemical staining in 50 oral squamous cell carcinomas and investigated the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. The expression of E-cadherin was reduced in 40/50(80%) of primary tumors, and 21/22(95.5%) of lymph nodes. The reduced expression of the E-cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis(P=0.029), invasive mode(P=0.030) and marginal status(P=0.038). Survival analysis showed that predictive period of E-cadherin reduced group(37 months) was lower than that of E-cadherin preserved group(60 months), but there was no statistical significant difference.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.15-30
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• 2009

This study focuses on the comparison of PBL and GBS. PBL is a famous model that emphasizes diversity of students and self directed learning within the theory of constructivism. GBS has not been studied that extensively. GBS is most similar to PBL but this model has not been actively applied to school education. This study focuses on how to enhance students' interest in an educational environment that is encompassing a new and changing teach-learn paradigm and the development of new technology. Furthermore, PBL and GBS methods were compare actively applied to "Environmental Education" to make the students learn self-directed education through the transformation of one's environmental awareness. Specifically, the models were applied to the "Ecology and Environment" subject taught in general high schools and the degree of 'environmental literacy' were measured, From March to May of 2007, the PBL and GBS models were applied to 3rd grade students at D high school and the subject was 'Ecology and Environment'. The students were divided according to age into groups of $5{\sim}7$. The PBL group attempted to solve the given problems and the GBS group carried out their missions. In conclusion, after analyzing the 'environmental literacy' survey results by SPSS 12.0, just 'Knowledge of Ecology (KEOC)' and 'Locus of Control (LOC)' were slightly significant in PBL. This shows that PBL enhances the students' problem solving ability and thinking power. This is a result of the enhancement of students' problem-solving and thinking abilities through PBL. Students can learn many things because they completed their projects based on their experience and knowledge, both individually and interpersonally. We have to study how to apply PBL and GBS to the education field in spite of the many limited conditions. Therefore, this study looks at the application of PBL and GBS in environmental education and suggests specific strategies for educators who want to apply GBS and PBL and adapt them into their education curricula.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2020

This paper describes an implement of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping(SLAM) in two dimensional space. The method uses Invariant Extended Kalman Filter(IEKF), which transforms the state variables and measurement variables so that the transformed variables constitute a linear space when variables called the invariant quantities are kept constant. Therefore, the IEKF guarantees convergence provided in the invariant quantities are kept constant. The proposed IEKF approach uses Lie group matrix for the transformation. The method is tested through simulation, and the results show that the Kalman gain is constant as it is the case for the linear Kalman filter. The coherence between the estimated locations of the vehicle and the detected objects verifies the estimation performance of the method.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2008

A simple, high-frequency and reproducible protocol for induction of adventitious shoot buds and plant regeneration from leaf-disc cultures of Jatropha curcas L. has been developed. Adventitious shoot buds were induced from very young leaf explants of in vitro germinated seedlings as well as mature field-grown plants cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) ($2.27{\mu}M$), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) ($2.22{\mu}M$) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) ($0.49{\mu}M$). The presence of TDZ in the induction medium has greater influence on the induction of adventitious shoot buds, whereas BA in the absence of TDZ promoted callus induction rather than shoot buds. Induced shoot buds were multiplied and elongated into shoots following transfer to the MS medium supplemented with BA ($4.44{\mu}M$), kinetin (Kn) ($2.33{\mu}M$), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ($1.43{\mu}M$), and gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) ($0.72{\mu}M$). Well-developed shoots were rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA ($0.5{\mu}M$) after 30 days. Regenerated plants after 2 months of acclimatization were successfully transferred to the field without visible morphological variation. This protocol might find use in mass production of true-to-type plants and in production of transgenic plants through Agrobacterium/biolistic-mediated transformation.