• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2003

임의의 성분비로 혼합되어 있는 CO$_2$와 H$_2$O 혼합가스에 대하여 회색가스가중합법(WSGGM)을 적용하였다. 모델의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 두 가지 다른 형태의 문제를 고려하였다. 첫 번째는 문제는 일정한 분압하의 균일, 포물선 및 경계층 온도 분포를 갖는 매체에 대한 문제이고, 두 번째는 온도 및 분압이 일정치 않은 매체에 대한 문제이다. 고려된 두가지 형태의 문제들에 대하여 WSGGM을 이용한 결과는 기준이 되는 좁은밴드 모델(SNB)의 결과와 잘 일치하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 모델과 데이터베이스는 연소가스에 의한 복사열전달의 해석에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2017

The increasing lack of good quality soils allowing the development of roadway, motorway, or railway networks, as well as large scale industrial facilities, necessitates the use of reinforcement techniques. Their aim is the improvement of the global performance of compressible soils, both in terms of settlement reduction and increase of the load bearing capacity. Among the various available techniques, the improvement of soils by incorporating vertical stiff piles appears to be a particularly appropriate solution, since it is easy to implement and does not require any substitution of significant soft soil volumes. The technique consists in driving a group of regularly spaced piles through a soft soil layer down to an underlying competent substratum. The surface load being thus transferred to this substratum by means of those reinforcing piles, which illustrates the case of a piled embankment. The differential settlements at the base of the embankment between the soft soil and the stiff piles lead to an "arching effect" in the embankment due to shearing mechanisms. This effect, which can be accentuated by the use of large pile caps, allows partial load transfer onto the pile, as well as surface settlement reduction, thus ensuring that the surface structure works properly. A technique for producing rigid piles has been developed to achieve in a single operation a rigid circular pile associated with a cone shaped head reversed on the place of a rigid circular pile. This technique has been used with success in a pile-supported road near Bourgoin-Jallieu (France). In this article, a numerical study based on this real case is proposed to highlight the functioning mode of this new technique in the case of industrial slabs.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37B권11호
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• pp.975-983
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• 2012

하나의 단말이 WiFi, 3G, LTE 등 다양한 통신 인터페이스들을 가지고 있는 것이 점점 일반화 되면서, 단말간의 통신에서 다수의 네트워크 경로를 동시에 이용하여 전숑 효율을 높이고자 하는 연구들이 진행되고 있다. MPTCP는 IETF에서 표준화가 진행되고 있는 transport layer protocol로서 서로 다른 IP 주소를 가지고 있는 여러 통신 인터페이스를 동시에 사용한 데이터 전송을 가능하게 한다. 하지만 현재의 MPTCP는 서로 다른 성질의 네트워크의 인터페이스를 동시에 사용하면 reordering 문제로 오히려 하나의 네트워크를 사용하는 것보다 성능이 저하되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 MPTCP에서 통신 인터페이스의 네트워크 상태에 따른 패킷 스케줄링 방법과 수신단 기반의 패킷 손실 복구 방법을 제안함으로써 MPTCP에서 reordering 문제로 발생하는 성능 저하를 감소시켰다. 또한 제안된 방법은 기존의 방법보다 더 나은 throughput과 더 빠른 재전송을 수행 할 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.316-330
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• 2008

This paper proposes a novel method for transporting various types of user traffic effectively over the next generation network called integrated services digital network 3 (ISDN3) (or quantum network) using quantum packets. Basically, a quantum packet comprises one or more 53-byte quanta as generated by a "quantumization" process. While connection-oriented traffic is supported by fixed-size quantum packets each with one quantum to emulate circuit switching, connectionless traffic (e.g., IP packets and active packets) is carried by variable-size quantum packets with multiple quanta to support store-and-forward switching/routing. Our aim is to provide frame-like or datagram-like services while enabling cell-based multiplexing. The quantum packet method also establishes a flexible and extensible framework that caters for future packetization needs while maintaining backward compatibility with ATM. In this paper, we discuss the design of the quantum packet method, including its format, the "quantumization" process, and support for different types of user traffic. We also present an analytical model to evaluate the consumption of network resources (or network costs) when quantum packets are employed to transfer loss-sensitive data using three different approaches: cut-through, store-and-forward and ideal. Close form mathematical expressions are obtained for some situations. In particular, in terms of network cost, we discover two interesting equivalence phenomena for the cut-through and store-and-forward approaches under certain conditions and assumptions. Furthermore, analytical and simulation results are presented to study the system behavior. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the. design of the ISDN3/quantum network.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.11.2-11.2
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• 2011

Polymer based organic photovoltaics have attracted a great deal of attention due to the potential cost-effectiveness of light-weight and flexible solar cells. However, most BHJ polymer solar cells are not thermally stable as subsequent exposure to heat drives further development of the morphology towards a state of macrophase separation in the micrometer scale. Here we would like to show three different approaches for developing new electroactive polymers to improve the thermal stability of the BHJ solar cells, which is a critical problem for the commercialization of these solar cells. For one of the examples, we report a new series of functionalized polythiophene (PT-x) copolymers for use in solution processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). PT-x copolymers were synthesized from two different monomers, where the ratio of the monomers was carefully controlled to achieve a UV photo-crosslinkable layer while leaving the ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking feature of conjugated polymers unchanged. The crosslinking stabilizes PT-x/PCBM blend morphology preventing the macro phase separation between two components, which lead to OPVs with remarkably enhanced thermal stability. The drastic improvement in thermal stabilities is further characterized by microscopy as well as grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS). In the second part of talk, we will discuss the use of block copolymers as active materials for WOLEDs in which phosphorescent emitter isolation can be achieved. We have exploited the use of triarylamine (TPA) oxadiazole (OXA) diblock copolymers (TPA-b-OXA), which have been used as host materials due to their high triplet energy and charge-transport properties enabling a balance of holes and electrons. Organization of phosphorescent domains in TPA-b-OXA block copolymers is demonstrated to yield dual emission for white electroluminescence. Our approach minimizes energy transfer between two colored species by site isolation through morphology control, allowing higher loading concentration of red emitters with improved device performance. Furthermore, by varying the molecular weight of TPA-b-OXA and the ratio of blue to red emitters, we have investigated the effect of domain spacing on the electroluminescence spectrum and device performance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.856-862
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• 2013

The photoanode electrode of $TiO_2$ nanotubes (NTs) anchored with ZnS/CdSSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) was prepared by anodization of Ti metal and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) procedure. The tuning of the band gap of CdSSe was done with controlled composition of Cd, S, or Se during the SILAR. A ladder-like energy structure suitable for carrier transfer was attained with the photoanode electrode. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of our solar cell fabricated with the regular array of $TiO_2$ NTs anchored with CdSSe/CdS or CdSe/CdS QDs [i.e., (CdSSe/CdS/$TiO_2NTs$) or (CdSe/CdS/$TiO_2NTs$)] was PCE = 3.49% and 2.81% under the illumination at 100 mW/$cm^2$, respectively. To protect the photocorrosion of our solar cell from the electrolyte and to suppress carrier recombination, ZnS was introduced onto CdSSe/CdS. The PCE of our solar cell with the structure of a photoanode electrode, (ZnS/CdSSe/CdS/$TiO_2$ NTs/Ti) was 4.67% under illumination at 100 mW/$cm^2$.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

In this investigation corrosion behavior of newly developed high-pressure die cast Al-Ni (N15) and Al-Ni-Ca (NX1503) alloys was studied in 3.5% NaCl solution. The electrochemical corrosion behavior was evaluated using open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization results validated that NX1503 alloy exhibited lower corrosion current density ($i_{corr}$) value ($5.969{\mu}A/cm^2$) compared to N15 ($7.387{\mu}A/cm^2$). EIS-Bode plots revealed a higher impedance (${\mid}Z{\mid}$) value and maximum phase angle value for NX1503 than N15 alloy. Equivalent circuit curve fitting analysis revealed that surface layer ($R_1$) and charge transfer resistance ($R_{ct}$) values of NX1503 alloy was higher compared to N15 alloy. Immersion corrosion studies were also conducted for alloys using fishing line specimen arrangement to simultaneously measure corrosion rates from weight loss ($P_W$) and hydrogen volume ($P_H$) after 72 hours and NX1503 alloy had lower corrosion rate compared to N15 alloy. The addition of Ca to N15 alloy significantly reduced the Al3Ni intermetallic phase and further grain refinement may be attributed for reduction in the corrosion rate.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.140-148
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• 1999

Experiments on flame spread in an one-dimensional droplet array up to supercritical pressures of fuel droplet have been conducted In normal gravity and microgravity. Evaporating process around unburnt droplet is observed through high-speed Schlieren and direct visualizations in detail, and flame spread rate is measured using high speed chemiluminescence images of OH radical. Flame spread behaviors are categorized into three: flame spread is continuous at low pressures and is regularly intermittent up to the critical pressure of fuel. flame spread is irregularly intermittent and zig-zag at supercritical pressures of fuel. At atmospheric pressure, the limit droplet spacing and the droplet spacing of maximum flame spread rate in microgravity are larger than those in normal gravity. In microgravity, the flame spread rate with the increase of ambient pressure decreases initially, takes a minimum, and then decreases after taking maximum. This is so because the flame spread time is determined by competing effects between the increased transfer time of thermal boundary layer due to reduced flame diameter and the reduced ignition delay time in terms of the increase of ambient pressure. Consequently, it is found that flame spread behaviors in microgravity are considerably different from those in normal gravity due to the absence of natural convection.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2017

자동차 부품에 Zn의 전기도금이 적용되고 있다. Zn 도금은 내식성을 증가시키기 위해 두께를 증가시키고 있다. 도금층의 두께가 증가함에 따라 전기도금 층이 파괴되는 문제가 제기되고 있다. Zn계 합금의 전기도금은 내부식성 향상 및 도금 두께 감소를 위해 연구되어 있다. 여러 합금 도금 중에 Zn-Co 합금 도금은 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 온도, 전류 밀도 및 전해용액 속 Co 함량과 같은 다양한 제조 조건에서 Zn-Co 전착의 조성을 조사하여 시료의 Co 함량에 대한 전기도금 조건의 영향을 파악하였다. 그 결과는 음극 과전압 및 확산 계수에 의해 설명하였다. 전류 밀도가 증가하고, 전해액 온도가 감소하고, 전해액 농도가 감소함에 따라 음극의 과전압이 증가한다. 음극의 과전압이 증가함에 따라 활성화분극보다 농도분극이 중요하게 된다. 농도분극은 확산 층 내에서 물질 전달은 확산에 의해 결정된다. 일정한 농도분극에서는 확산계수가 큰 원소가 다량 확산하게 된다. 즉 음극의 과전압이 증가함에 따라 확산계수가 큰 Zn 함량이 증가한다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2018

General polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC) operates at less than $80^{\circ}C$. Therefore liquid phase water resulting from electrochemical reaction accumulates and floods the cell which in turn increases the mass transfer loss. To prevent the flooding, it is common to employ serpentine flow channel, which can efficiently export liquid phase water to the outlet. The major drawback of utilizing serpentine flow channel is the large pressure drop that happens between the inlet and outlet. On the other hand, in the high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell (HT-PEMFC), since the operating temperature is 130 to $180^{\circ}C$, the generated water is in the state of gas, so the flooding phenomenon is not taken into consideration. In HT-PEMFCs parallel flow channel with lower pressure drop between the inlet and outlet is employed therefore, in order to circulate hydrogen and air in the cell less pumping power is required. In this study we analyzed HT-PEMFC's different flow channels by parallel computation using previously developed 3-D isothermal model. All the flow channels had an active area of $25cm^2$. Also, we numerically compared the performance of HT-PEMFC parallel flow channel with different manifold area and Rib interval against the original serpentine flow channel. Results of the analysis are shown in the form of three-dimensional contour polarization curves, flow characteristics in the channel, current density distribution in the Membrane, overpotential distribution in the catalyst layer, and hydrogen and oxygen concentration distribution. As a result, the performance of a real area fuel cell was predicted.