• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.181-200
• /
• 2007

Objevtives & Methods : Effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at BL18 and LI11 on lipid composition, cytokine level, liver function, anti-oxidative capacity and histological characters were investigated in diet-induced obese rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 400g were divided into 4 groups of control, BL18, LI11 and BL18 plus LI11 pharmacopuncture groups and raised for 4 weeks. Results : 1. Plasma ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, free fatty acids level and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels significantly decreased in the pharmacopuncture groups compared to those of no treatment group. Plasma and liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were also significantly lower than those of no treatment group. There was, however, no difference in TBARS level among pharmacopuncture groups. Liver total cholesterol level of BL18 pharmacopuncture group was lower than those of the other two pharmacopuncture groups. In LDL-cholesterol level, BL18 pharmacopuncture and BL18 plus LI11 pharmacopuncture groups only had significantly lower levels than that of no treatment group. 2. There was no significant difference between cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture groups and no treatment group in IL-6, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartic acid transaminase (AST) levels. 3. Compared with \ those of no treatment group, pharmacopuncture groups had significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities. There was, however, no significant difference among pharmacopuncture groups. 4. Histological characters of heart, kidney and liver of BL18 pharmacopuncture group were similar to those of normal rats. Conclusions : These results indicate that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at BL18 and LI11 may suppress adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation and activate antioxidant system.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.189-193
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract on body weight, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. The experimental mice were divided into the following 4 groups: basal diet (AIN-93G diet) and 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% GS supplemented groups. Each group was fed the experimental diet for 9 weeks. The final body weights, adipocyte sizes, and epididymal fat weights of the GS groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. There were no significant differences in food intake and food efficiency ratios among the treated groups. Serum triglyceride levels and the atherogenic index were significantly lower in the GS groups compared to the control group. Serum HDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher in the 1% and 1.5% GS groups compared to the control group. Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase activities did not differ among the four experimental groups. The total hepatic lipid content was significantly lower in the GS groups, and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents tended to be reduced in the GS groups compared to the control group. These results suggest that GS extract may be useful for ameliorating dyslipidemia and fatty liver.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 1982

Activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT] and serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] were determined during and after surgery In a total of 18 patients with heart diseases Including 8 cases of congenital heart anomaly and 10 cases of acquired valvular diseases who undergone open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results obtained are as follows: 1]The average value of the activity of SGPT before the surgery was $27.94{\pm}12.24$ units. The value was increased following the operation and reached to the maximum value of $43.83{\pm}37.02$ units 2 days after the operation, which was slightly deviated from the normal range. The enzyme activity returned to the normal range of $32.82{\pm}23.61$ units 4 days after the operation. 2]The average value of the activity of SGOT before the surgery was observed to be $30.5{\pm}11.29$ units. The value increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $95.56{\pm}43.38$ units. 2 days after the operation, the enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to the normal range 6 days after the operation. 3]The average value of the activity of serum LDH before the surgery was found to be $258.0{\pm}88.96$ units. The value was increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $930.55{\pm} 258.23$ units 2 days after the operation. The enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to normal range 7 days after the operation. 4]It was observed that the longer the time required for the extracorporeal circulation in the open heart surgery became, the greater the changed in activity of SGOT, SGPT and serum LDH were found.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.919-925
• /
• 2003

Alcohol consumption has numerous health consequences for the human body. For example, heavy drinking on a daily basis causes liver diseases, and certain products such as acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism are more toxic than alcohol itself. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the role of Lactobacillus fermentum MG590 to enhance the removal of the toxic effect of alcohol in alcohol metabolism. The maximum activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by L. fermentum MG590 were observed after 6 h of culture. The production of ADH and ALDH by L. fermentum MG590 was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Six hours after the addition of alcohol to a culture broth of L. fermentum MG590, the alcohol concentration decreased from 7.5 to 2.7％. From an in vitro evaluation based on hepatocytes, the viability of hepatocytes in a medium containing alcohol and the cytosol of L. fermentum MG590 was higher than that in a medium containing only alcohol. From an in vivo test using SD rats fed a 22％ alcoholic drink, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the rats fed a medium containing L. fermentum MG590 were lower than those in the rats fed a medium containing only the alcohol drink. These results demonstrate that the ADH and ALDH produced by L. fermentum MG590 play an important role in detoxicating alcohol in vivo. Therefore, a fermentation broth of L. fermentum MG590 could be used as an effective alcohol detoxification drink.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2009

It has been reported that dietary polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) increase liver injury in response to ethanol feeding. We tested the hypothesis that diets rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) would affect acute liver injury after acetaminophen injection and that protein restriction might exacerbate the liver injury. We examined effects of feeding diets with either 15% (wt/wt) corn oil or 14% beef tallow and 1% corn oil for six weeks with either 6 or 20 g/100 g protein on acute hepatotoxicity. After the feeding period, liver injury was induced by injecting either with 600 mg/kg body weight acetaminophen suspended in gum arabic-based vehicle, or with vehicle alone during fasting status. Samples of liver and plasma were taken for analyses of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and liver-specific enzymes [(Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)], respectively. Whereas GSH level was significantly lower in only group fed 15% corn oil with 6 g/100 g protein among acetaminophen-treated groups, activities of GPT and GOT were significantly elevated in all groups except the one fed beef tallow with 20 g/100 g protein, suggesting low protein might exacerbate drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The feeding regimens changed the ratio of 18:2n-6 to oleic acid (18:1n-9) in total liver lipids approximately five-fold, and produced modest changes in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). We conclude that diets with high 18:2n-6 promote acetaminophen-induced liver injury compared to diets with more saturated fatty acids (SFA). In addition, protein restriction appeared to exacerbate the liver injury.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 2005

This investigation was undertaken to study the effects of oral administration of Inonotus obliquus mycelia produced by a submerged culture on plasma glucose level and other biochemical parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The mycelia, at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight (BW), substantially reduced the plasma glucose level by as much as 23.1% as compared to the control group. The levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma were reduced to the extent of 12.6% and 22.6%, respectively. The activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were decreased by 27.6% and 21.9%, respectively, under the influence of I. obliquus mycelia. The general components of I. obliquus mycelia were found to contain 5.55% crude ash, 2.35% crude fat, 28.29% crude protein, 9.53% carbohydrate, and 54.28% dietary fiber.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1995

Effects of sosihotangganogyong on the activity of serum transferase and hepatic lipid peroxide in mice with $CCl_4$ solution were determined. The activity of ALT showed a high value in the mice with $CCl_4$, however in the mice with sosihotang and sosihotangganogyong, these values showed a tendency to rapid recovery compared with those of the mice with $CCl_4$ only and the activity of ALT in the group of sosihotang and sosihotangganogyong showed a low values compared with $CCl_4$ only group on the 21 days after treatment. On the 21 days after treatment, the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the mice with sosihotang and sosihotangganogyog were similar to those of control group, however these values of $CCl_4$ only group showed a high values compared with those of other groups. The value of hepatic lipid peroxide in the mice with sosihotang and sosihotangganogyong showed a tendency to rapid decrease and recovery compared with those of $CCl_4$ only group and on the 21 days after treatment, this value showed a similar to those of control group. The activity of serum transferase and the value of hepatic lipid peroxide in the mice with sosihotngganogyong showed a tendency to decrease compared with those of sosihotang group, however these values showed a no significantly deference. Results from this study indicated that the sosihotagganogyong can effectively improve the recovery of liver function in mice with $CCl_4$.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2009

Hepatic fibrosis is one of chronic liver diseases which spread in worldwide and it has high risk to turn advanced cirrhosis and hepatocellualr carcinoma. Brassica family has been produced for commercial purpose and in Korea Brassica rapa (Turnip) is cultivated in Ganghwa County, Gyeonggi-do Korea and used for making Kimchi. Recently pharmacological effects of turnip have been known; diabete mellitus modulation, alcohol oxidization, and fibrosis inhibition. In previous study we found antifibrogenic effect of turnip water extract and in this study we made turnip nanoparticle to promote turnip delivery into liver. At the same time we assessed the biological safety of turnip nanoparticle. Thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatic nodular formation and fibrosis (mean of fibrosis score: 4). However, 1% turnip nanoparticle inhibited TAA-induced hepatic nodular formation and fibrosis (mean of fibrosis score: 2-3). Activities of serum enzymes (aspartic acid transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin (T-Bil)), complete blood count (CBC), and the appearance of organs were not different from control and 1% turnip nanoparticle treatment. Conclusively 1% turnip nanoparticle significantly reduced TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis and was safe in 7-weeks feeding.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2001

Effect of Quartz porphyty(QP) on functional and morphological changes of the liver and kidney was studied in male common finch and white java sparrow fed with the basal diet(Control group) or experimental diet containing 3.0% QP(QP group) for 14 days. There was not significantly different morphological change of the liver upon light microscopic examination in common finch and white java sparrow between control group and QP group. Morphological change of renal tissue upon light microscopic examination in common finch and white java sparrow was not also significantly different between control group and QP group. The concentrations of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and nric acid as renal functional parameters of common finch and white java sparrow were not significantly different in the both groups. The activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) as hepatic functional parameter in common finch was significantly higher in the QP group($\rho$<0.05), whereas the activity of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) as hepatic functional parameter in common finch was not significantly different in the both groups. The activities of GOP and GPT in white java sparrow were not significantly different in the both groups. The morphologic findings and functional parameters of the liver and kidney observed in common finch and white java sparrow fed with 3.0% QP diet showed evidence of slightly liver damage accompanied with increased release of enzyme and fatty change of the hepatocytes in common finch, suggested that the tissues in some animals can be damaged by feeding a diet supplemented with 3.0% QP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.86-90
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary detoxified Rhus verniciflua sap (RVS) on production performance, egg quality, lipid fractions of egg yolk, liver and serum, and the profile of cecal microflora in laying hens. Methods: Two hundred 52-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group (2 hens per cage, 5 cages per replicate) and were provided with one of 4 experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.2% RVS, for 6 weeks. Due to unequal intervals of RVS doses, the interactive matrix language procedure of the SAS program was used to correct the contrast coefficients of orthogonal polynomials. Results: There were no differences in feed intake and egg weight among the groups. Egg production increased (linearly and quadratically, p<0.05) with increasing levels of RVS. Eggshell thickness increased (linear, p<0.05) as the level of RVS in diets increased. The levels of blood cholesterol and activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were not altered by dietary treatments. Increasing level of RVS increased (linear, p<0.05) the populations of cecal lactic acid bacteria. The content of yolk cholesterol decreased (linear, p<0.05) with increasing levels of dietary RVS, although there were no significant differences in each lipid fraction of the liver. Conclusion: This study indicates that dietary RVS could improve laying performance and eggshell quality, and affect cecal lactic acid bacteria in a dose-dependent manner.