• 분석과 대안
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of Chinese global leadership. The concept of leadership is applied as a methodology, which involves identifying the main factors, such as strategic power, the attractiveness of political institutions, the ability to provide acceptable ideas and the presence of allies that contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the country's leadership potential. The authors also describe the relevance of Chinese global leadership and analyze its domestic, economic and international causes. Moreover, the ''Belt and Road'' initiative is defined as the main mechanism for providing the influence of China on the global level which is now being changed its quantitative component, namely the increasing attention to the security aspects of this initiative. In addition to that, it is important to note that China maintains its economic and political positions in Africa, Central Asia and South-East Asia. Africa has a special role in the Chinese ''Belt and Road'' initiative as a recipient of Chinese investments and a site for the deployment of China's naval facilities to protect the trade routes. On the regional level, China will strive to become a leader of the trade and economic processes in the Asia-Pacific region, the South China Sea and the North Korea nuclear program issues. The American factor in modern international relations, namely so-called "Trump factor", which means the U.S. withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Paris Agreement, will cause demand for Chinese leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world as well. However, in this case a number of questions arise: is China prepared for this? Is Beijing able to bear greater responsibility? Does China have the potential for this? The article concludes that China will not become global leaders in the next 20-30 years, because of internal (political reforms) and foreign policy reasons (doctrinal formulation of foreign policy initiatives, military-political and economic power, international posture and relations with other states). The authors believe that the implementation of Chinese leadership is possible not on the condition of confrontation between China and the United States, but on the establishing of constructive relations between these countries. The last meeting between Trump and Xi Jinping showed a trend for creating channels for dialogue between Beijing and Washington, which can become the basis for interaction. An important place in the work is given to the analysis of development and forecasting the evolution of Russian-Chinese and U.S.-China relations. As for Russia, Moscow should conduct a policy that will not allow it to become a ''junior partner'' of China.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.207-207
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• 2022

Eating and cooking quality (ECQ) is one of the most complex quantitative traits in rice. The understanding of genetic regulation of transcript expression levels attributing to phenotypic variation in ECQ traits is limited. We integrated whole-genome resequencing, transcriptome, and phenotypic variation data from 84 Japonica accessions to build a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) based regulatory network. All ECQ traits showed a large phenotypic variation and significant phenotypic correlations among the traits. TWAS analysis identified a total of 285 transcripts significantly associated with six ECQ traits. Genome-wide mapping of ECQ-associated transcripts revealed 66,905 quantitative expression traits (eQTLs), including 21,747 local eQTLs, and 45,158 trans-eQTLs, regulating the expression of 43 genes. The starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs), starch synthase IV-1 (SSIV-1), starch branching enzyme 1 (SBE1), granule-bound starch synthase 2 (GBSS2), and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2a (OsAGPS2a) were found to have eQTLs regulating the expression of ECQ associated transcripts. Further, in co-expression analysis, 130 genes produced at least one network with 22 master regulators. In addition, we developed CRISPR/Cas9-edited glbl mutant lines that confirmed the role of alpha-globulin (glbl) in starch synthesis to validate the co-expression analysis. This study provided novel insights into the genetic regulation of ECQ traits, and transcripts associated with these traits were discovered that could be used in further rice breeding.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2024

Background: 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2(GRh2), an effective natural histone deacetylase inhibitor, can inhibit acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell proliferation. Lactate regulated histone lactylation, which has different temporal dynamics from acetylation. However, whether the high level of lactylation modification that we first detected in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistance has not been reported. Furthermore, Whether GRh2 can regulate lactylation modification in ATRA-resistant APL remains unknown. Methods: Lactylation and METTL3 expression levels in ATRA-sensitive and ATRA-resistant APL cells were detected by Western blot analysis, qRT-PCR and CO-IP. Flow cytometry (FCM) and APL xenograft mouse models were used to determine the effect of METTL3 and GRh2 on ATRA-resistance. Results: Histone lactylation and METTL3 expression levels were considerably upregulated in ATRA-resistant APL cells. METTL3 was regulated by histone lactylation and direct lactylation modification. Overexpression of METTL3 promoted ATRA-resistance. GRh2 ameliorated ATRA-resistance by downregulated lactylation level and directly inhibiting METTL3. Conclusions: This study suggests that lactylation-modified METTL3 could provide a promising strategy for ameliorating ATRA-resistance in APL, and GRh2 could act as a potential lactylation-modified METTL3 inhibitor to ameliorate ATRA-resistance in APL.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: The prognostic utility of follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (FU-TTE) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is unclear, specifically in terms of whether changes in echocardiographic parameters in routine FU-TTE parameters are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: From 2010 to 2017, 162 patients with HCM were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Using echocardiography, HCM was diagnosed based on morphological criteria. Patients with other diseases that cause cardiac hypertrophy were excluded. TTE parameters at baseline and FU were analyzed. FU-TTE was designated as the last recorded value in patients who did not develop any cardiovascular event or the latest exam before event development. Clinical outcomes were acute heart failure, cardiac death, arrhythmia, ischemic stroke, and cardiogenic syncope. RESULTS: Median interval between the baseline TTE and FU-TTE was 3.3 years. Median clinical FU duration was 4.7 years. Septal trans-mitral velocity/mitral annular tissue Doppler velocity (E/e'), tricuspid regurgitation velocity, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and left atrial volume index (LAVI) at baseline were recorded. LVEF, LAVI, and E/e' values were associated with poor outcomes. However, no delta values predicted HCM-related cardiovascular outcomes. Logistic regression models incorporating changes in TTE parameters had no significant findings. Baseline LAVI was the best predictor of a poor prognosis. In survival analysis, an already enlarged or increased size LAVI was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in echocardiographic parameters extracted from TTE did not assist in predicting clinical outcomes. Cross-sectionally evaluated TTE parameters were superior to changes in TTE parameters between baseline and FU at predicting cardiovascular events.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.970-976
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• 2023

29세 남성에서의 미만성 연수막성 신경교종을 증례 보고한다. 이 질환은 드문 중추신경계 종양으로, 대부분 소아에서 발견되며 성인에서는 소수만 보고되어 있다. 본 환자는 만성 두통으로 내원하여 MRI를 시행하였다. 뇌 MRI에서 경도의 수두증과 다수의 테두리 조영증강을 보이는 병변이 안장위 수조에서 보였으며, FLAIR에서 신호가 억제되지 않는 다수의 비조영증강 낭종성 병변이 양측 기저핵, 시상 및 대뇌에서 관찰되었다. 척추 MRI에서는 요추 및 천추부위의 미만성 연수막 조영증강이 보였다. 생식세포종양의 연수막 파종을 의심하였고 경접형골 종양제거술을 시행 받았다. 병리학 검사에서 미만성 연수막성 신경교종으로 확진되었고, 차세대 염기서열 검사에서 FGFR1 유전자의 돌연변이가 발견되었다. 결론적으로 연수막 결절성 조영증강과 FLAIR에서 신호가 억제되지 않는 다수의 비조영증강 낭종성 뇌 병변이 함께 관찰될 경우 연수막 조영증강을 보이는 여러 다른 질환들과의 감별 진단에 도움이 된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.368-378
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• 2024

Cordycepin, a valuable bioactive component isolated from Cordyceps militaris, has been reported to possess anti-cancer potential and the property to enhance the effects of chemotherapeutic agents in various types of cancers. However, the ability of cordycepin to chemosensitize cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells to gemcitabine has not yet been evaluated. The current study was performed to evaluate the above, and the mechanisms associated with it. The study analyzed the effects of cordycepin in combination with gemcitabine on the cancer stem-like properties of the CCA SNU478 cell line, including its anti-apoptotic, migratory, and antioxidant effects. In addition, the combination of cordycepin and gemcitabine was evaluated in the CCA xenograft model. The cordycepin treatment significantly decreased SNU478 cell viability and, in combination with gemcitabine, additively reduced cell viability. The cordycepin and gemcitabine co-treatment significantly increased the Annexin V+ population and downregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, suggesting that the decreased cell viability in the cordycepin+gemcitabine group may result from an increase in apoptotic death. In addition, the cordycepin and gemcitabine co-treatment significantly reduced the migratory ability of SNU478 cells in the wound healing and trans-well migration assays. It was observed that the cordycepin and gemcitabine cotreatment reduced the CD44^highCD133^high population in SNU478 cells and the expression level of sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2), indicating the downregulation of the cancer stem-like population. Cordycepin also enhanced oxidative damage mediated by gemcitabine in MitoSOX staining associated with the upregulated Kelch like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression ratio. In the SNU478 xenograft model, co-administration of cordycepin and gemcitabine additively delayed tumor growth. These results indicate that cordycepin potentiates the chemotherapeutic property of gemcitabine against CCA, which results from the downregulation of its cancer-stem-like properties. Hence, the combination therapy of cordycepin and gemcitabine may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of CCA.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.965-981
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• 2024

Objective: Milk composition varies considerably and depends on paratypical, genetic, and epigenetic factors. MiRNAs belong to the class of small non-coding RNAs; they are one of the key tools of epigenetic control because of their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. We compared the relative expression levels of miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d in milk to demonstrate the relationship between the content of these miRNAs with protein and fat components of milk in Holstein and Ayrshire cattle. Methods: Milk fat, protein, and casein contents were determined in the obtained samples, as well as the content of the main fatty acids (g/100 g milk), including: saturated acids, such as myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), and stearic (C18:0) acids; monounsaturated acids, including oleic (C18:1) acid; as well as long-, medium- and short-chain, polyunsaturated, and trans fatty acids. Real-time stem-loop one-tube reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes was used to measure the miRNA expression levels. Results: The miRNA expression levels in milk samples were found to be decreased in the first two months in Holstein breed, and in the first four months in Ayrshire breed. Correlation analysis did not reveal any dependence between changes in the expression level of miRNA and milk fat content, but showed a multidirectional relationship with individual milk fatty acids. Positive associations between the expression levels of miR-106b and miR-30d and protein and casein content were found in the Ayrshire breed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that miR-106b and miR-30d expression levels can cause changes in fatty acid and protein composition of milk in Ayrshire cows, whereas miR-106b expression level determines the fatty acid composition in Holsteins. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study showed that miR-106b, miR-191, and miR-30d expression levels in milk samples have peculiarities associated with breed affiliation and the lactation period.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.43-60
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• 2024

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) is South Korea's first space exploration mission, developed by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. It aims to develop technologies for lunar exploration, explore lunar science, and test new technologies. KPLO was launched on August 5, 2022, by a Falcon-9 launch vehicle from cape canaveral space force station (CCSFS) in the United States and placed on a ballistic lunar transfer (BLT) trajectory. A total of four trajectory correction maneuvers were performed during the approximately 4.5-month trans-lunar cruise phase to reach the Moon. Starting with the first lunar orbit insertion (LOI) maneuver on December 16, the spacecraft performed a total of three maneuvers before arriving at the lunar mission orbit, at an altitude of 100 kilometers, on December 27, 2022. After entering lunar orbit, the commissioning phase validated the operation of the mission mode, in which the payload is oriented toward the center of the Moon. After completing about one month of commissioning, normal mission operations began, and each payload successfully performed its planned mission. All of the spacecraft operations that KPLO performs from launch to normal operations were designed through the system operations design process. This includes operations that are automatically initiated post-separation from the launch vehicle, as well as those in lunar transfer orbit and lunar mission orbit. Key operational procedures such as the spacecraft's initial checkout, trajectory correction maneuvers, LOI, and commissioning were developed during the early operation preparation phase. These procedures were executed effectively during both the early and normal operation phases. The successful execution of these operations confirms the robust verification of the system operation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.162-174
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• 1997

연구배경 : HSVtk 유전자를 암세포에 이입하여 GCV에 대해 선택적으로 감수성을 증가시키는 HSVtk/GCV 유전자치료에서 bystander effect는 모든 암세포에 유전자를 이입하지 않고도 치료효과를 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 그러나 현존하는 viral vector는 유전자이입 효율이 낮아 임상적으로 치료효과를 기대하는데는 한계가 있다. 따라서 유전자의 이입효율이 높은 새로운 vector의 개발과 함께 bystander effect의 극대화를 통해 치료효과를 증가시킬 수 있는 방법 등이 요구된다. 최근 gap junction을 통한 세포간의 metablic cooperation이 bystander effect의 주요기전임이 밝혀졌고 retinoids는 gap junction을 통한 세포간의 communication을 증가시킨다고 보고되었다. 저자들은 HSVtk/GCV 유전자치료에서 bystander effect에 미치는 retinoids의 효과를 조사하였다. 방 법 : Adenovus와 retrovirus vector를 이용하여 connexin 43를 발현하는 악성중피종세포와 connexin 43를 발현하지 않는 SKHep-J 세포주에 HSVtk 유전자를 이입한 후 HSVtk 유전자가 이입된 세포와 HSVtk 유전자가 이입되지 않은 세포들을 여러가지 비율로 혼합한 mixing study를 시행하였으며 $10^{-10}M-10^{-6}M$ RA 처리 유무에 따른 bystander effect에 의한 살상효과를 비교하였다. 그리고 gap junction을 통한 세포간의 communication에 대한 retinoids의 영향을 조사하기 위해 retinoids 처리에 따른 세포간 communication을 FACS를 이용하여 double-dye transfer study로 측정하였다. 결 과 : Connexin 43를 발현하지 않는 SKHep-J 세포주에서는 RA 처리유무에 따른 bystander effect에 의한 살상효과의 차이가 없었다. 그러나 connexin 43를 발현하는 악성중피종 세포주에서는 $10^{-8}M-10^{-6}M$ RA처리시 세포간의 communication과 bystander effect가 RA를 처리하지 않은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되었다. 결 론 : RA는 gap junction을 통한 세포간의 communication을 증가시켜 HSVtk/GCV 유전자치료에서 bystander effect에 의한 살상효과를 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 HSVtk/GCV 유전자치료의 효과를 증가시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.781-789
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• 1997

본 연구는 교정치료를 위해 최근에 발거된 소구치 65개를 대상으로 발거직후 부착된 이물질을 제거하고 생리식염수에 담구어 보관한 후 법랑질을 퍼미스 및 $38\%$ 인산으로 표면 처리하고 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제로는 광중합형 FluoroBond, 광중합 접착제로는 Transbond, 화학중합 접착제로는 Mono-Lok 2를 선정하여 1차 부착 및 재부착시의 전단결합강도를 만능강도시험기로 측정함으로서, 치아우식 예방 및 진행 억제효과를 지닌 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제가 광중합형 및 화학중합형 교정용 접착제의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향과 재부착에 의한 전단결합강도의 변화를 규명하고, 광중합형 접착제와 화학중합형 접착제 사이의 전단결합강도를 비교하여 다음의 결론을 얻었다. 1. 1차부착에 의한 전단결합강도의 크기는 Mono-Lok2군(11.84MPa), Trans bond군(10.75MPa), Light cured FluoroBond+Mono-Lok 2군(9.69MPa), Light cured FluoroBond+Transbond군(9.39MPa)순이었다. 2. 재부착에 의한 전단결합강도의 크기는 Transbond군(7.40MPa), Light cured FluoroBond+Transbond군(6.48MPa), Mono-Lok 2군(5.89MPa), Light cured FluoroBond+Mono-Lok 2군(5.15MPa)순이었다. 3. 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제를 적용한군과 적용하지 않은 군 모두에서 화학중합형 접착제가 광중합형 접착제보다 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제를 적용한군과 적용하지 않은 군 모두에서 재부착된 광중합형 접착제가 재부착된 화학중합형 접착제보다 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는없었다(p>0.05). 5. 1차 부착된 군에 비해 재부착된 모든 군에서 전단결합강도가 현저하게 감소되었으며, 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05 p<0.001). 이상의 결론을 종합해볼 때 임상적으로 브라켓의 전단결합강도에 경향을 미치지 않는 불소가 유리되는 교정용 전색제를 치아 협면에 적용하여 불소의 유리에 의한 치아우식 예방 및 억제효과를 기대하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.