• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.38-42
• /
• 2016

Background: Truck driving is known as one of the occupations with the highest accident rate. This study investigates the characteristics of traffic collisions according to road types (expressway and rural road). Methods: Classifying 267 accidents into expressway and rural road, we analyzed them based on driver characteristics (age, working experience, size of employment), time characteristics (day of accident, time, weather), and accident characteristics (accident causes, accident locations, accident types, driving conditions). Results: When we compared the accidents by road conditions, no differences were found between the driver characteristics. However, from the accident characteristics, the injured person distributions were different by the road conditions. In particular, driving while drowsy is shown to be highly related with the accident characteristics. Conclusion: This study can be used as a guideline and a base line to develop a plan of action to prevent traffic accidents. It can also help to prepare formal regulations about a truck driver's vehicle maintenance and driving attitude for a precaution on road accidents.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 1988

For traffic proceeding in random directions on a plane surface the frequency of collision, if no avoiding action in taken ,is approximately proportional to the square of the traffic density and directly proportional to the size and speed of the ship, Avoiding is normally taken and the rte of collisions is therefore also governed by additional factors such as the visibility, the effectiveness of the collisionavoidance rules, the competence of personnel or watchkeeping attitude, the maneuverability of the ship and the efficiency of radar and other equipments. From the viewpoint of watchkeeper who is responsible for maneuvering, watchkeeping attitude such as lookout and action to avoid collision is the most controllable factor among those mentioned above. In practice, according to the investigation of the institution of marine courts, about 50% co collisions occurred is caused by disorbedience to steering and sailing rules of international regulations for preventing collision at sea including lookout. So we classify the process of collisions with first sight of another ship , assessment of risk of collisions and action to avoid collisions and make a factural survey about lookout and action to avoid collisions from the point on "time" and " distance", namely relationship among ship's size, speed, first sight time of another ship, action to avoid collisions ,and distance from sight of another ship to collision occurred. According to the results of the actual survey , we come to conclude that most of collisions occurred are due to improper lookout and ineffective action to avoid collision which means time lag from first sight of another ship to time of action taken to avoid collision is relatively long. is relatively long.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2018

PURPOSES : Traffic cameras have been installed to reduce traffic accidents. The effectiveness of traffic cameras has been proved by dozens of studies, but recently questions over its effectiveness have been raised by a series of studies. In this study, the effectiveness of traffic cameras was analyzed with a focus on different road environments. METHODS : The effectiveness of the traffic cameras was analyzed by extracting the occurence frequency before and after camera installation. The effect of reduction was analyzed comprehensively considering the installation position, monitoring direction, and surrounding environment of traffic cameras. RESULTS : The result of this study is as follows. First, the installation of cameras in an area with relatively low accidental traffic was more effective. Secondly, the effect of camera installation on car-to-pedestrian collisions was better than that of car-to-car collisions. Thirdly, accidents tended to occur more frequently when cameras were installed in front of the accident-prone owing to the negative spill-over effect. CONCLUSIONS : The result can be used to guide placement of traffic cameras. Moreover, the installation of cameras with consideration of the road environment is expected to contribute to a reduction in traffic fatalities.

• 해양환경안전학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 2018

Sunrise and sunset times differ depending on location and date. Previous studies conveniently but monotonously applied day and night times set up. This research defined the daytime and nighttime while considering the time of twilight according to the date and the location of ship collision accidents. Classifying the frequency of ship collision accidents with this standard, we conducted a chi-squared test for the difference between daytime and nighttime. The frequencies of ship collision accidents according to daytime and nighttime was compared by season, month, and time, and all of them showed statistically significant differences. The highest number of daytime ship collisions was 11.6 %, in June, and nighttime collisions peaked at 13.7 %, in December. The most frequent hour for daytime ship collisions was 0700h-0800h, at 10.2 %, and nighttime collisions peaked between 0400h-0500h, at 16.9 %. It is clear that the criteria used in previous studies cited was applied without any theoretical basis and likely only for the convenience of the researchers. It was found that results depend on what criteria are applied to the same research data. This study shows that statistical analyses of marine accidents, traffic volume, and congestion density should be carried out quantitatively while considering daytime and nighttime hours for each particular location and date.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.130-137
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 4개 시도에서 근무하는 구급대원을 908명을 대상으로 구급차량에서 발생한 안전사고 경험 및 횟수, 경광등 사용여부, 사고원인 손상부위, 사고당시 구급차의 속도, 사공장소 및 구급차의 사고예방을 위해 필요한 사항에 대하여 설문을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 구급차관련 사고와 관련된 구급대원, 환자, 또는 상대방 등의 안전사고와 연관이 있기에 구급대원들을 대상으로 하여 사고 당시의 환경 및 시간, 손상부위에 대하여 조사하고, 향후 구급대원 및 구급차안전 운전을 위한 기초자로 활용하고자 한다. 응답자의 29.6%의 구급대원이 사고의 경험이 있었으며, 주요 사고원인은 신호위반이 35.7%, 상대방과실이 22.2%였다. 사고당시 92.1%가 경광등을 사용하였으나 사고가 발생하였다. 주요 사고 장소는 일반도로가 68%이었으며, 교통상황은 원활한 상태가 54%였고, 사고당시 속도는 40 km/h 이하가 56.4%였다. 주요 사고 시간대는 교통량이 많지 않은 오후시간대가 38.1%였으며, 사고로 인하여 발생한 부상부위는 기타부위가 62.1% 이었으나 중증 손상을 발생시킬 수 있는 머리 목의 손상이 14.4%로 나타났다. 설문에 응답한 구급대원들이 구급차의 안전사고예방을 위하여 가장 필요한 요소로는 방어운전 24.9%로 가장 높았으며, 교통법규의 준수, 안전 운전습관을 다음으로 응답하였다. 사고위험을 느끼는 경우는 신호위반 교차로 통과 가 70.1%로 가장 높았다. 따라서, 구급차량의 응급환자 이송 시 일반차량의 양보에 대한 법적인 규정 및 탑승 구급대원의 안전을 보장할 수 있는 추가적인 보호 장치가 필요함을 강조한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2016

PURPOSES : Visibility of lanes on the road improves as retro-reflectivity rises. This helps reduce traffic accidents at nighttime or in bad weather. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of improved visibility on reduction of traffic accidents when the color of the lane in the median of the highway was changed from yellow to white. METHODS : In order to evaluate the accident reduction effect of the white left shoulder line, Hauer (1997)'s Comparison-Group method was chosen as an analysis methodology. The JungBu-2 highway, which is equipped with the white left shoulder line and is in trial operation, was chosen as a target for analysis. Data of accidents for 10 months before and after installation was collected and analyzed. In addition to the number of accidents, the types of accidents were classified into nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions. The accident reduction effect of improved visibility of lanes was analyzed. RESULTS : The analysis' finding showed that installation of the white left shoulder line decreased the number of accidents by 28%. Moreover, improvement in visibility was effective in reducing nighttime accidents by 67.63%, accidents in bad weather by 55.19%, and median collisions by 48.55%. CONCLUSIONS : Based on the analysis' results in this study, it was concluded that white left shoulder line on the freeway contributed to reduce traffic accidents, especially nighttime accidents, accidents in bad weather, and median collisions.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2009

An aircraft collision accident is a disaster that causes great losses of inventories and lives. Though a collision avoidance warning function is provided automatically to pilots in the aircrafts by the enhancement of the aircraft capability, achieving fast decision-making to escape a collision situation is a complex and dangerous work for pilots. If an in-flight collision situation is controlled by the air traffic control system which monitors all airplanes in the air, it would be more efficient to prevent in-flight collisions because it can handle the emergency before the pilot's action. In this paper, we develop the collision avoidance warning function in the air traffic control system. Specifically, we design and implement the five stages of the collision avoidance function, and propose a visualization method which could effectively provide the operators with the trajectories and altitudes of the aircrafts in a collision situation. By developing an in-flight collision warning function in the air traffic control system that visualizes flight patterns through the state transition data of in-flight aircrafts on the flight path lines, it can effectively prevent in-flight collisions with traffic alerts. The developed function allows operators to effectively select and control the aircraft in a collision situation by providing the operators with the expected collision time, the relative distance, and the relative altitude while assessing the level of alert, and visualizing the alert information which includes the Attention-Warning-Alert phase via embodying the TCAS standard. With the developed function the air traffic control system could sense an in-flight collision situation before the pilot's decision-making moment.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제31권2B호
• /
• pp.98-106
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 무선LAN에서 실시간 트래픽의 효율적인 전송을 위해 새로운 재밍방식을 사용한 충돌 방지 방안을 제안하고 기존 MAC과의 성능을 비교 분석하였다. 기존의 무선LAN에서는 단말들간 프레임 전송 충돌을 방지하기 위하여 이진 지수 분포(BinaryExponential) 백오프 알고리즘을 사용하기 때문에, 망의 부하가 크거나, 망에 존재하는 무선 단말의 수가 많을수록 프레임 충돌이 발생할 확률이 증가하므로 실시간 트래픽 전송에 불리하다. 이 점에 착안하여 본 논문에서 제안한 재밍 기반의 재전송 방식은 실시간 트래픽의 전송 중 충돌이 발생하면, 충돌에 개입한 각 무선 단말이 동시에 충돌을 감지하고 자신의 채널 사용 횟수를 기록한 데이터 베이스를 참조하여, 서로 상이한 재밍 윈도우 기간 동안 재밍 신호를 송신함으로써, 다른 단말의 접근을 일단 차단시킨다. 이후, 자신의 재밍 윈도우 기간 만기시 채널이 비어있는 경우에만 자신의 프레임을 재전송하도록 함으로써 해당 프레임의 재충돌을 방지한다. 이 과정에서 송신단말이 동시에 충돌을 감지할 수 있도록 모든 연결의 실시간 프레임들은 고정된 길이를 가지도록 하여 전송한 프레임에 대한응답 프레임을 수신하기까지 걸리는 시간은 동일한 것으로 가정하였다. 제안된 방식과 기존 MAC의 성능을 모의 실험으로 비교 분석한 결과, 제안 방식의 경우 프레임의 평균 충돌횟수, 평균 백오프 시간 그리고 프레임의 평균 전송대기 시간이 기존 방식보다 우수하였다. 제안된 방식을 실시간 트래픽 양이 많은 무선랜에서 활용한다면, 실시간 트래픽의 전송 지연 시간을 단축시킴으로써, 무선LAN의 실시간 응용에 적절하게 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.58-76
• /
• 2019

국내에서 발생하는 교통사고에 의한 인적피해의 정도는 꾸준히 감소하고 있으나 경상자와 부상신고자수는 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 도덕적 해이로 인한 허위 과다 치료와 입원으로 발생하는 사회적 비용은 전 세계적으로 사회, 경제적 문제로 대두되는 실정이다. 경미한 교통사고의 유형 중, 추돌사고의 경우 피해차량 즉, 피추돌차량 탑승자가 주로 호소하는 질병은 해부학적, 방사선학적 근거가 없는 임상적 추정에 의한 목 상해(경추염좌)이다. 그러나 국제적인 상해 분류기준인 AIS(Abbreviated Injury Scale)와 경추염좌를 비교했을 때 임상적 추정에 의한 목 상해는 상해라 보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추돌사고에 연루된 추돌차량과 피추돌 차량의 중량과 충돌속도가 탑승자의 목 상해에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해, MADYMO를 활용하여 중량과 충돌속도를 다양하게 반영한 총 100가지 시나리오의 추돌사고를 재현하였다. 그리고 결과 값인 피추돌차량의 속도변화량과 충격가속도 값을 상해역치와 비교하였다. 그 결과 동일한 중량 간의 추돌사고에서 충돌속도 15km/h 이상일 때 상해가 발생할 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 중량을 고려하지 않을 경우 충돌속도 15km/h 일 때 36%, 20km/h이상일 때 약 84%의 상해 발생 가능성이 나타났다.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1993

The Maritime Traffic Safety Law of P. R. China has not the legal nature of navigation rule which regulates the vessel traffic directly but has the legal nature of management to ensure the safety and good order of the whale marine traffic. For that reason, the legal status of this Law is a general basic norm for the marine safety regulations rather than a definite enforcement regulation. This Law does not have any clear statements on adaptation of the steering and sailing rules of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, but it can be presumed the Convention would be applied on the viewpoint of the international practice. The subject matter of this Law is easily understandable, because the IMO and shipping countries have already made similar legislation. Since the maritime traffic condition of the P. R. China also has a direct effect upon the Korean coastal waters, it is essential to observe closely the process of enforcement and development of the P. R. China's Maritime Traffic Safety Law.