• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.851-862
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• 2007

The main reason of environmental pollution and destruction due to an indiscreet development of spa is the law of spa in use. According to the law of spa, the water of spa is ordained not mineral component and its efficacy but water temperature of over $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore this research was to analyze the differences between traditional spa and newly-established spa based on heat flow, geological rock, and fault relating to spa in order to call attention to a revision of the law of spa. According to the results, the location of the traditional spas was in accord with places which are Pohang, Bugok, Dongrae and Haeundae-gu of Busan, Uljin, Chungju, Usung-gu of Daejeon, Yesan, Asan, and Ichon. The heat flow of these places is over 67mW/m2 that is an average of South Korea. Relating to a fault, 92.3% of the traditional spas concurs with a fault and 33.5% of newly-established spa is in accord with a fault. 58.2% of the traditional spas and 42.7% of the newly-established spa are consistent with the granite.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2007

The consideration of the effective corresponding system is required to enhance expectation of consumers and satisfy consumer needs in response to recent fashion market trend showing polarized phenomena. One of the solutions is to establish Korean style SPA brand which not only utilizes traditional fashion markets and but also adopt a production system of the fast fashion. A traditional market can provide some advantages such as low price, a variety of items in an integrated buildings, fast propagation of fashion trends and a flexible production system reflecting consumer's need immediately. The production system of fast fashion has integrated system of planning, manufacturing and distributing to provide trendy products with low price on time. Therefore, The Korean style SPA offers trendy, cheap and chic clothing to customers as quickly as possible.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2016

Objective: This study was performed to assess our clinical experience with single-port access (SPA) laparoscopic cystectomy and myomectomy and the surgical outcomes of those procedures at our institution. Methods: The authors evaluated the surgical outcomes of SPA laparoscopic cystectomy in 293 patients and SPA laparoscopic myomectomy in 246 patients. The surgical outcomes comprised operation time, the amount of blood loss during the operation, the change in hemoglobin (before and after the operation), the change in hematocrit (before and after the operation), switching to the multi-port access method, complications, transfusions, and the duration of the postoperative hospital stay. Results: The Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman correlation coefficient between the operation time and the amount of blood loss were 0.312 and 0.321 for SPA laparoscopic cystectomy, respectively, and 0.706 and 0.674 for SPA laparoscopic myomectomy, respectively. The drops in hemoglobin and hematocrit were $1.33{\pm}0.78g/dL$ and $4.14%{\pm}2.45%$, respectively, in SPA laparoscopic cystectomy, while the corresponding figures were $1.34{\pm}1.13g/dL$ and $4.17%{\pm}3.24%$ in SPA laparoscopic myomectomy, respectively. Conclusion: This study reported the surgical outcomes of SPA laparoscopic cystectomy and myomectomy and compared them to previously published findings on traditional laparoscopic cystectomy and myomectomy. No significant differences were found in the surgical outcomes between SPA and traditional laparoscopic cystectomy and myomectomy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.190-203
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• 2015

The fashion industry has been rearranged by Global SPA brands (like ZARA and H&M), which are powerful retailers that integrate the value chain ranging from manufacturing to sales. SPA brands can offer good quality of clothing at a reasonable price by cutting the margin between the supply chain. They are also called fast fashions since they make expedited efforts to respond to market trends and consumers. Despite the slow growth of the fashion industry in Korea, as global SPA brands rapidly expand market share, traditional fashion companies have launched several SPA brands such as MIXXO and SPAO (E-LAND), 8SECONDS (CHEIL INDUSTRIES). The few academic studies on this subject are focused on the analysis of secondary data such as news and books. The current research is qualitative and empirical attempts to explore the success factor of SPA brands with analysis of 1:1 in-depth interviews with experts who have worked for global SPAs such as Uniqlo, H&M, and ZARA, based on the grounded theory. The main phenomenon was shown to be that global SPA brands were popular since they offer a variety of products with a large assortment at reasonable and cheap prices in a large scale and multifunctional retail store. Most of them displayed main phenomena that can be realized due to the purchasing cycle of clothing that is shorter with consumers' regarding clothing as consumables. Global SPA brands had three types of marketing strategy: sellable product, sales strategy according to consumer response, and multifunctional stores. Each global SPA brand developed marketing strategies based on core competency and national conditions. The three success factors shorten the consumer decision making process of clothing. This study concludes with implications for practitioners of SPA brands born in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.294-298
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• 1999

In this paper, through simulations, we find the second derivative SPA(Smoothed Perturbation Analysis) estimates of mean busy cycle with respect to a given parameter in a Markov renewal process which is generated by two exponential distributions. We compare these SPA estimates with the traditional SD(symetric difference) estimates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.3 s.3
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• pp.64-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to give help for more activation to the area of spa industry appropriate to the emotion of our country based on the spa of recognition of massage specialist. Aroma Essencial oil bath was the first favorite of the customers when they're going to have bath in Hydro-therapy or with some other material in their bathtub according to the general results of the previous study. The most high voice of discontent of customers was the high price and the main customer's ages on the spa-therapy were the ages 30s and 40s. The method for activation for future spa-therapy were showed as the better facilities and advertising, reasonable price, systematic education programs, professionalists as an order. The proper care hours for spa-therapy that customers like most was 1:30-2:30 and the resonable price of one time care of that was shown as 100,000-200,000 won. The priority actions for the competition with foreigners on this area of spa-therapy will be the various and nation-wide advertisement of the effectiveness on spa-therapy to the customers to use easily and to be made being generalized on their lives. And the our inland spa-therapy must have main position at the center of cities, the various programs to satisfy the Korean traditional culture of them should be studied and introduced. And at that time future inland spa-therapy industry will have power for the competitions with similar foreign industries.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.191-198
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• 2007

The main purpose of the study is to figure out visitors' intentions for the Suanbo Spa Festival after they participated the events, programs offered from the Suanbo Festival organization. The visitors were also asked to evaluate contents, images, and convenience facilities of the festival. The study found that only visitors over 60s of age positively evaluate the festival, therefore, products such as traditional tea-making, herb-massage will attract old aged group. The findings suggests that event image and convenient facilities have impact on tourists' responses and intentions to their neighbors. The result of the study also recommend traditional participations such as horseback-riding, GaMa-riding, Korean traditional archery shooting to be added to the participating program.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

Settled lifestyle as important to health and healing to medical tourism and wellness tourism in the 21st century has emerged as the best promising service industry. Jeju Island has a variety of local resources, and the directions was considered to spa industry promotion application it. Jeju Island has a variety of local resources which can be used for spa industry promotion. Jeju Island's beautiful natural environment, mineral resources, water resources, biological resources, agricultural products, traditional folk remedies available in Jeju's spa treatments. Using the local resources of Jeju, 'Jeju specialized spa treatments' can develop of 12 kinds of spa treatments. Namely, thalssotherapy, stone therapy, black sand poultice, hot-floored therapy using volcanic soil, thalassotherapy, drinking therapy, hydrotherapy, herbal/medicinal plants poultice, forest therapy, Spa cuisine, facial beauty, diet therapy. 12 kinds of Jeju specialized spa treatments development and service to the local resources of basic research on the physical and chemical characteristics, product development, clinical trials, efficacy studies should precede. In addition, customized spa services programs should be developed considering the propensity of customers, customer needs, and a spa type. And standardized program of spa services and need a manual painter. Medical tourism and wellness tourism in conjunction with efforts to be considered in order to increase the competitiveness of the spa industry in Jeju.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1993

The present study was designed to test the validity of the semen analysis(S/A) and the sperm penetration assay(SPA) as a prognostic indicator of male fertility in 123 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization(IVF). We attempted to correlate the traditional semen parameters or the extent of sperm penetration in SPA with the results of human IVF rate or cleavage rate. Poor correlation was found between the results of S/A and human IVF rate(sensitivity, 80.6% ;specificity, 46.7%; positive predictive value, 91.6%;negative predictive value, 25%). Conversely, good correlation was found between the results of SPA and human IVF rate(sensitivity, 100% ; specificity, 80% ;positive predictive value, 97.3% ;negative predictive value, 100%). Our results corroborate the conclusion that SPA can be a valuable tool as a prognostic indicator of male fertilizing ability.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2018

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems offer significant enhancements in terms of their data rate and channel capacity compared to traditional systems. However, correlation degrades the system performance and imposes practical limits on the number of antennas that can be incorporated into portable wireless devices. The use of switched parasitic antennas (SPAs) is a possible solution, especially where it is difficult to obtain sufficient signal decorrelation by conventional means. The covariance matrix represents the correlation present in the propagation channel, and has significant impact on the MIMO channel capacity. The results of this work demonstrate a significant improvement in the MIMO channel capacity by using SPA with the knowledge of the covariance matrix for all pattern configurations. By employing the "water-pouring algorithm" to modify the covariance matrix, the channel capacity is significantly improved compared to traditional systems, which spread transmit power uniformly across all the antennas. A condition number is also proposed as a selection metric to select the optimal pattern configuration for MIMO-SPAs.