• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

This study employed the Semantic Differential(SD) technique for an empirical analysis of the borrowed landscape-the so-called interaction of landscape between space and nature-in traditional Korean space against the cultural backdrop of confucian ideology. Its findings are as follows: First, the study conducted a comparative analysis of the borrowed landscape between Sarangchae(Men's quarters) and Anchae(Women's quarters) and between Soteuldaemun(A lofty gate) and Sadangdaemun(A gate to an ancestral shrine), using the SD technique. Consequently, their marked distinction in the borrowed landscape were found to illustrate the influence of confucian ideology over spatial composition. Second, both the garden and the sky of Sarangchae appeared more open and dynamic, and soft, and comfortable, and warm compared to Anchae. Also, Soteuldaemun looked more open and dynamic than Sadangdaemun. In conclusion, traditional Korean space applies a monistic view of the world to nature and human beings, thereby embodying a philosophical and aesthetic space where humans enjoy their life in harmony with nature while playing with the landscape in a traditional space.

• 인문언어
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• 제7집
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• pp.93-122
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• 2005

China, the nation which reigns the society consisted of several ethnic groups, has been interested in universal virtues since its early eras, due to the social demand for their integration. Confucianism, therefore, traditionally has been executing this function as a transcendant world, and at present the Marxism takes its role instead. After its reformation and opening, the market economy was allowed to set in China, which means that the traditional ideology of integration comes to face the crisis occurred by new trend of the individualism which is gradually spreading. The people who make the policies and the intellectual people in China who noticed these phenomena, are trying to make measures to cope with this contradiction. Despite of their trials, they are destined to find nothing but powerlessness in front of the powerful marketing strategy of the commercialism which adroitly adapted to their measures. In this situation, the transcendant world to reach, which these people are appealing again is the totalitarian ideology that persistently has been maintained through history of China. The movie, Hero, is the one of these attempts. This paper offers you the analysis of this cultural agony of contemporary China.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.175-191
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• 2012

It is said that the mainstream of the oriental culture is Confucian culture, but not be the unique culture of Korea. The religious object in Taoist ideology of immortality reflecting the awareness of cultural community and Korean identity was three spirits. Three spirits are one spirit in terms of main subject. Three spirits were named because they rule the heaven, the earth and human beings each in the reality. The custom performing the religious service to the heaven and the earth is not based on the Taoist ideology of immortality but only the superstition which we can't understand. However, we can clearly understand the reason why the ideology has been transmitted up to now in our awareness and culture when we understand the basis of that ideology. The theory on the origin based on the birthplace of Taoist ideology would be based on the shamanism of Eastern barbarianism and their cultural features. Accordingly, this paper aimed to identify the formative features of phoenix pattern and background of the formation of phoenix pattern based on the unique culture of Korea. Furthermore, the traditional craft works of Korea with the phoenix pattern which secured its position as the representative pattern of Korea will be investigated.

• 한국연극학
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• 제48호
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• pp.85-125
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• 2012

Geun Hyung Park is one of the playwrights who consistently pursues his unique world of play. One of the characteristics that is constantly discovered in Park's plays is the motif of 'family.' Park chooses family as the motif in most of his work. Park particularly emphasizes 'family life' rather than 'individual life' to focus on the internal problems of families. Therefore, the motif of family in Park's plays takes a very important position in the content and theme. The Korean society imposes unique value on families and possesses a strictly obstinate family ideology. Park observes distorted family relations or individuals who cannot be happy within their families to identify the problems related to the family ideology that is deeply rooted in the Korean society. This is one of the important backgrounds for which Park is constantly dealing with 'family life.' This study selected five of Park's most famous plays to specifically examine Park's critical understanding of family ideology. First, his criticizes extreme family egoism by depicting a family that cannibalizes people to keep the family full. Park chooses 'absurd time and space' and the extreme subject of 'human flesh' to warn his audiences about the awful consequences of family egoism. His , which is the only piece that deals with family history among the five pieces selected, criticizes Korea's unique family-centered ideology by humorously depicting the history of the Cho family that is all about maintaining and worshipping the its clan. He reveals the unethical and hypocritical attitudes of the Cho family for the audiences to reconsider the family-centered ideology of the Korean society. In , he talks about the son and the father who lose his ethical authority and fail to perform his paternal responsibilities to criticize the traditional family ideology of patriarchism and suggests the pessimistic future of patriarchism. contrasts a blood-related family with an irresponsible father and a quasi-family to criticize the identity of blood-related families. In , Park depicts a 'smelly house' of a family in agonizing relations to deny the family myth and the maternal myth. He clearly shows how the ideals of family myth and maternal myth are distant from the reality. In result of this study, Park's criticism of family ideology appears in various forms. He comprehensively criticizes both the general family problems and the unique family issues of Korea. The family ideology of Korea is currently undergoing a radical change. It has been long since the traditional family ideologies have exposed problems to show the signs of crisis. Also, there have emerged various forms of families, including single-parent families, one-person families, adoption families, and multi-cultural families. In this respect, Park's critical understanding of family ideologies allows you to see the obvious family forms from a new perspective and greatly contributes to awakening the essential questions about families. Park's work is noticeable among the various artistic and literature pieces that deal with family issues because of his extraordinary skills to capture the key issues inherent in the problems of family ideologies.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

"Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease" is a ancient formula records on keeping in good health, provided "Internal classic" is a ancient codes on keep in good health. It can be inferred that Zhang Zhongjing was a first inheritor of academic ideology from "formula followed by establishment of the therapeutic principles". Before writing and compiling the "Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease", Zhang zhongjing got the essence of "Internal classic" after composing and utilizing "Plain Questions", "Miraculous pivot and classic of difficult issues", so all the theory foundations of "Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease" came from "Internal classic". The keynote of internal classic lies in obeying the Yin and Yang in natural world and preserving and maintaining the yang-qi of human body to attain the longest life-span. Zhang assimilated the essence of "Internal classic" and then generated a new ideological system - "Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous disease" when studying it. This article is to expound ideology inheritance of keeping in good health by protecting Yang in "Internal classic" from analyzing the usage of Guizhi in "treatise on cold damage diseases".

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2001

The object of this study is to reach a semiotics access in a specialized magazine advertisement, by emphasizing the advertisement, which uses eroticism. The main components of eroticism are voyeurism, narcissism, fetishism, masochism, and sadism. From the results of analyzing their impact on fashion magazine advertisements, which is limited in erotic expression, 'the women's gender role ideology' is mainstream. Especially, this is joined with a 'patriarch ideology' and the 'women's role ideology' on the view of feminism. It can be expressed erotic with 'traditional women's roles', 'rebelling against tradition', and a 'leading women role on sexuality'.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2007

In this paper, 274 traditional fairy tales of South and North Korea were selected for research. The research was performed using a content analysis chart, and found differences in the number of characters, how ideology and social setting affect categorization of the characters, and what values are represented in the fairy tails of each country. Analysis of the general characteristics of traditional fairy tales of South and North Korea shows that South Korean traditional fairy tales have more cases where $1{\sim}4$ characters appear. In North Korean fairy tales, 5 or more characters generally appear. Analysis of the categories of characters in traditional fairy tales of South and North Korea found that characters fall into categories of family, friend and tutor, village, and the native country more often in South Korean fairy tales than in North Korean fairy tales. Character categorizations of county and foreign countries are found more often in North Korean fairy tales. In particular, the difference in character categorization of family, friend and tutor, and county shows that different ideology and social setting affected categories of characters. Research on traditional fairy tales of South and North Korea shows that traditional fairy tales of South Korea have chosen self-respect, self-restraint, fidelity(responsibility), understanding others, manners and honesty as themes more often than those of North Korea and subjects such as frugality, sharing, order and rules, cooperation and patriotism(ecosystem protection) we found more often in those of North Korea.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2011

The late $19^{th}$ and early $20^{th}$ centuries of Korea were the times when the Confucianism (牲理學) ideology was shaken heavily under the influences of modernism and capitalism by Western and Japanese military and political-economic forces. Under such circumstances, alteration of clothing was much influenced by ideologies than changes in social structure or technological advance. In this study, an ideology was defined as "the force which drives people into a particular social order". Ideologies were postulated as an ongoing process of socialization with dialectic features rather than being a static state. Comparative analyses on conflict structures and different clothing patterns symbolizing the ideologies of the Ruling (支配) and the Opposition (對抗) were conducted. Investigating dresses as representations of ideologies is to reconsider the notion of dichotomous confrontation between the conservatives (守舊派) and the progressives (開化派) and a recognition of Koreans' passively accepting modernity during the Japanese occupation. This may also have contributed to enlightening Koreans about modernization. Here are the results. First, the theoretical review found that ideologies were represented by not only symbols of discourse, but also dresses, and that dresses embodied both physical and conceptual systems presenting differences between ideologies and their natures, Second, during the late 19th century Korea, conflict between conservatives' Hanbok (韓服) and progressives' Western suits (洋服) was found. Moderate progressives showed their identity by "Colored Clothing" (深色衣), and radical progressives by black suits with short hair (黑衣斷髮) or by western suits (洋服). The ultimate goal of both parties was a "Modern Nation". With these efforts, pale jade green coats and traditional hats symbolizing the nobleman class was eliminated within 30 years from 1880 to 1910, and then simple robes and short hair emerged. However, the powerful Japanese army had taken over the hegemony of East Asia, and Korea was sharply divided into modernization and pro-Japanese camps. Third, during the time of Japanese colonial rule, the dress codes having set by the modernization policies during the time of enlightenment were abandoned and colonial uniforms for the colonial system was meticulously introduced. During this period, Western or Japanese-style uniforms were the symbol of the ruling ideology. In the mean time, Hanbok, particularly "White Clothing (白衣)", emerged as a representation of the opposition ideology. However, due to Japan's coercive power and strong zeal for "Great orient (大東亞)", white clothing remained as a mere symbol. Meanwhile, Reformists (實力養成論者) movement toward improving quality of life followed a similar path of the Japanese policies and was eventually incorporated into the ruling ideology. Fourth, dresses as representations of ruling ideologies were enforced by organizational powers, such as organizations and laws, and binding policies, and changes in such dresses were more significant when the ruling ideologies were stronger. Clothing of the opposition ideology was expressed as an aggregation of public consciousness. During the period, the subjects of ruling ideology and the objects who were granted modernization benefits were different although their drives for colored clothing with short hair (色衣斷髮) for modernization were similar.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.45-86
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• 2020

이 글의 목적은 70년대 국가권력에 의해 소환되었던 전통 이념이 '전통의 현대화'라는 명목 아래 당대 한국연극 현장에 수용되었던 양상과 그 함의를 밝히려는데 있다. 이는 다른 한편 70년대 전통 논의를 둘러싼 한국연극계의 자기검열의 양상을 비판적으로 검토하는 작업이기도 하다. 이를 위해 이 글에서는 민족극을 창안하는 방식으로 70년대 한국연극계의 전통 논의를 선점했던 극단 민예극장의 활동을 살펴보았다. 이제까지 70년대 극단 민예극장에 대한 평가는 전통의 계승과 변용을 내세운 허규의 연출 작업을 바탕으로 공연예술적 성취 여부에 집중되었다. 하지만 70년대 국가가 주도한 문화정치의 장(場)에서 구성된 전통 이념과 그것이 작동된 양상은 예술적 성취라는 측면에서만 평가할 수 없다. 무릇 전통을 전유하려 한 주체의 선택적 기준에 따라 전통 이념은 선별되고, 선별된 전통 이념의 선택 과정에서 특정 대상들이 배제, 폐기, 재선별, 재해석, 재인식된다. 70년대 비문화로 호명되었던 서구적인 것이나 퇴폐불온한 것과의 차이 속에서, 전통이 전유되었던 70년대의 상황도 이로부터 멀리 있지 않다. 국가가 주도한 70년대의 전통 논의는 전통의 특정 이념을 안정된 가치로 합법화했는데, 그것을 작동시킨 한 방식은 국가의 문예지원이었다. 70년대 극단 민예극장은 당시 연극 위기론의 구체적 대안으로 선택되었던 전통의 현대화를 바탕으로 민족극을 지향했다. 그것은 구체적으로 전통연희의 계승과 변용이라는 방식으로 구현되었는바, 특히 극단 민예 극장의 대표 연출가 허규에게 전통은 거부할 수 없는 안정적 가치였고 그것의 계승과 변용은 의심할 바 없는 소명으로 내면화되었다. 그 결과 허규가 연출한 극단 민예극장의 공연은 일정한 성취에도 불구하고 과도한 전통연희의 관습들로 채워진 숙련된 장인술로 귀착되었다. 70년대의 전통 이념은 80년대 들어 새로운 전유의 양상으로 전개된다. 1986년 극단 민예극장의 핵심 단원이었던 손진책, 김성녀, 윤문식 등은 민예극장을 탈퇴하여 극단 미추를 만든다. 극단 미추는 연출가 손진책을 중심으로 풍자와 해학이 넘치는 마당놀이를 선보이며 전통의 대중화를 끌어냈다. 전통연희에 내재된 민중의 저항정신을 전통적 가치로 전유했던 대학가의 마당극처럼, 손진책의 마당놀이는 풍자와 해학을 통해 위압적인 국가권력을 비판하고 조롱함으로써 대중적 인기를 끌었다. 70년대 전통 논의의 자장 안에서, 민중의 저항정신을 전통적 가치로 전유하며 자생한 마당극이나 전통의 대중화를 성취한 극단 미추의 마당 놀이는 예술적 성취로써만 평가되지 않는다. 마찬가지로 전통의 계승과 변용이라는 측면에서 70년대 극단 민예극장이 성취한 것 역시 70년대 전통이 소환되었던 맥락을 제외하고 독립적으로 평가될 수 없다. 70년대 국가 주도의 전통 논의에 대응한 한국연극 평단의 시각이 예술성을 바탕으로 한 공연예술의 질적 성취에만 집중된 대목이 아쉬운 것은 그 때문이다. 이 글에서는 이런 맥락을 비판적으로 검토하고, 이를 바탕으로 70년대 극단 민예극장의 활동을 중심으로 당대 한국연극계의 전통 논의와 그 실천 양상을 살펴보았다. 결과적으로 70년대 극단 민예극장의 활동이 한 계기로 작용했을 대중적 마당놀이나 민중저항의 마당극은 70년대 극단 민예극장이 전통을 전유하는 방식, 곧 전통의 계승과 현대적 변용과의 '차이' 속에 정립되었다. 계기는 되었으나 그에 따른 유의미한 차이를 지속적으로 생산해내지 못한 점, 이것이 극단 민예극장의 '전통'이 70년대 한국연극사에서 차지하는 의미이자 한계이다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2010

Chang'an, an ancient historical city with its construction basement remains. Chinese Traditional Landscape Culture comes from the ancient civilization of the Yellow River and the environment of the central Shaanxi plain forms its ideology characteristic. Basing on the fast urbanization and growth of economies, there is a growing emphasis on Urban Landscape Cultural Heritage. The spatial pattern and traditional landscape should be protected and exhibit because it reflects the original characteristic and implied meaning of Chinese traditional landscape culture. This paper presents the case of Huaqing Palace(華淸宮) scenery area as an example; evaluate the value of its original landscape culture, showing the way of the conservation and regulation.