• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

국내 전통식 탄화로에서 생산된 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis $B_{LUME}$)와 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica $F_{ISCH}$) 흑탄 및 백탄의 해부학적 특성을 주사전자현미경법으로 조사하였다. 흑탄 및 백탄 조재부 도관의 형태는 접선방향으로 수축하여 방사방향으로 긴 타원형을 나타내었으나, 다른 구성세포들의 형태와 구조적인 변형은 보이지 않았다. 만재부 도관은 접선방향으로의 수축은 관찰되지 않았으나, 백탄의 경우 인접세포들의 과도한 수축으로 인해 도관의 형태가 다소 찌그러지는 것이 관찰되었다. 또한 목섬유 부분은 과도한 수축에 의해 세포가 크게 변형된 것을 보여주고 있으며, 조재부도관 내 타일로시스는 백탄과 흑탄에서 모두 관찰되었다. 방사유세포는 세포벽이 상당히 얇아진 모습을 보여주었고, 변형도 심하게 나타났다. 또한 백탄의 경우에는 고온탄화에 의한 세포벽의 수축으로 유세포간 공극이 발생되었다. 단열방사조직과 광방사조직의 경우에는 고온 탄화에 의해 세포벽이 수축하면서 세포내강이 줄어드는 현상이 관찰되었다. 이러한 세포내강이 소실되는 현상은 탄화온도가 높은 백탄에서 자주 관찰되었다. 따라서 흑탄에 비해 백탄의 수율이 낮은 것은 목재성분의 일부 손실뿐만 아니라 탄화온도에 따라 구성세포 치수가 감소하기 때문으로 생각되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2007

It is necessary to recognize philosophical and scientific depth, contained in traditional culture in a correct fashion, in order to succeed and develop our excellent traditional culture. Some studies on storage, circulation, and package design of traditional food will multiple the added value of traditional culture. So this research was carried out for making packing cases of kinds of Korean dried confectionery using Hanji by traditional manufacturing method, Hanji textile, charcoal Hanji and jade Hanji, and for developing environmental-friendly Korean dried confectionery package as more luxurious packaging papers by putting an exterior design on the surface. The results measured physical properties, air permeability and anti-mold activity of Hanji, and designing Korean dried confectionery are as follows. The physical properties and air permeability used to manufacture Korean dried confectionery package, turned out to be no affection to the food packaging Hanji. In order to avoid the monotonousness of Korean dried confectionery package, it was designed with Hanji textile together with elegant traditional pattern. It is estimated to increase the value of Korean dried food and to make the anti-mold activity of Hanji added charcoal and jade effective. In conclusion, by developing individual properties of traditional food and proper packaging paper as well as packaging design according to circulating situation, it is considered that the taste and the fancy can be maximized. After all, by applying excellent traits contained in our race's culture, it is possible to develop the package cases into competitive ones. And it would be able to increase utilization of Hanji. Namely, production of high quality traditional food package with Hanji is expected for new valuable industry of Hanji.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

Genetic diversity among selected isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina, a causal agent of charcoal rot (stalk rot) disease in sorghum was studied using PCR-RAPD markers. A set of ten isolates, from ten different rabi sorghum genotypes representing two traditional sorghum growing situations viz., Dharwad- a transitional high rainfall region and Bijapur- a semi-arid low rainfall region in South India. From a set of 40 random primers tested, amplicon profiles of 15 were reproducible. A total of 149 amplicon levels, with an average of 9.9 bands per primer, were available for analysis, of which 148 were polymorphic (99.3%). It was possible to discriminate all the isolates with any of the 15 primers employed. UPGMA clustering of data indicated that the isolates shared varied levels of genetic similarity within a range of 0.14 to 0.72 similarity coefficient index and it was suggestive that grouping of isolates was not related to sampling location in anyway. A high level of genetic heterogeneity of 0.28 was recorded among the isolates.

• 임산에너지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 굴참나무(Quercus variabilis B/sub LUME/), 신갈나무(Quercus mongolica F/sub ISCH/), 물푸레나무(Fraxinus rhynchophylla H/sub ANCE/), 벚나무(Prunus sargentii R/sub EHDER/)재의 목재와 전통식 탄화로에서 생산된 백탄 및 흑탄의 조직구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하여 상호 비교하였다. 목탄의 구성요소는 목재에 비해 치수가 크게 감소되었고, 도관은 접선방향 직경이 감소되어 타원형을 나타냈다. 따라서 목탄의 제조과정 중 탄재량에 비해 목탄의 수율이 크게 감소하는 것은 목재성분의 일부 손실뿐만 아니라 구성세포 치수가 감소하기 때문으로 생각되었다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

전통 방식으로 제조되어 시중에 유통 중인 2종의 참나무 백탄과 2종의 소나무 백탄에 대한 물성과 수용액 상 구리(II) 이온 흡착 성질을 시험하였다. 물성시험 결과, 탄의 pH는 약 9.5-9.8로 시료 탄간의 차가 크지 않았다. 원소 조성에 있어서는, 4종 시료 탄의 탄소(C) 함량이 약 85-90%로 나타났으며 S사 소나무탄의 수소(H) 함량이 1.62%로 타 시료에 비해 3배가량 높았다. 4종 시료 탄의 요오드 흡착량과 비표면적 측정의 결과에서는, 소나무탄이 참나무탄 보다 높게 나타났다. 이들 시료 목탄의 수용액 내 구리(II) 이온 흡착율 측정 시험에서는, 목탄 시료의 처리양이 늘어날수록, 처리 시간이 길수록, 그리고 pH가 높을수록 높은 구리(II) 이온 흡착율을 나타냈다.

• 복식
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2000

The philological consideration of Korean Buddhist Monk's robe and its reviving have been investigated in traditional way. The configuration and colour of Korean Buddhist monk's robes have been properly adapted for an period, territory, and atmospheric phenomena. In case of Korea, introduced Buddhism from China realize modern robe from under the influence of fusion of Chinese ornament culture and Korean traditional ornament culture. As a result of this modern robe has been consisted of a Buddhist monk's robe and a cope. The modem robes has been significantly affected by industrialization, contrary to ancient time taxed robes as public imposts. At present be familiar in mass production we have a preference for the easier way in making and even color forming. In this paper it is focused on dyeing part, which recognized its important in latest time, at first declined according to appearance of chemical dye, evaluated its convenience in use. That is, it is increased natural dye, people begin with recognition of difference of physical properties for dress dyed with chemical pigment and that with natural pigment. In consequence, I have presented that both making colour of gray using traditional method, and three demolished-color prescribed by Buddhist law. Of course, though it become generally know that dyeing of robes occupied significant part of traditional natural dyeing. But in case of religion, it also is important to know symbolical meaning involved in its colour. Most of Buddhism-believers or even Buddhists who actually be dress in robe are without knowing the meaning of colour, or its revealing method. There, I have considered mating three colour of demolished- color included blue, black, and red, and also represented dyeing method of Buddhist monk's robe using both charcoal and ink-spick. From religious font of view, as robes contains involving of blessing, I have an intention of improvement way in dyeing and succession and development of traditional culture through consideration of traditional dyeing method. And I have also intended to restoration the value of robe's colour, disappeared by the time. moreover, I have shown that dyeing with natural pigment is profitable for both environment and sanitary aspect.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2005

Aqueous extract of antidiarrhoeal formulation (ADF) containing Holarrhena antidysentrica, Aegle marmelos and Punica granatum was investigated for antidiarrhoeal activity against charcoal-induced gut transit, serotonin-induced diarrhoea and $PGE_2-induced$ small intestine enteropooling in rats. The control, standard and test groups of experimental animals were administered with normal saline (p.o.), diphenoxylate hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, p.o.) and ADF (250 mg and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) respectively except the control group of $PGE_2-induced$ small intestine enteropooling which received only 5% ethanol in normal saline (i.p.). Charcoal (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and serotonin $(600\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.p.)$ were administered after 30 min, while $PGE_2\;(100\;{\mu}g/kg,\;p.o.)$ was administered immediately afterwards. The distance traveled by charcoal in small intestine was measured after 15 and 30 min of charcoal administration, diarrhoea was observed every 30 min for six hour after serotonin administration and the volume of intestinal fluid was measured after 30 min of $PGE_2$ administration. Oral administration of ADF significantly inhibited the frequency of defaecation and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract, reduced the wetness of faecal dropping in serotonin-induced diarrhoea and also reduced the $PGE_2-induced$small intestine enteropooling. ADF may have potential to reduce the diarrhoea in rats.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.491-505
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• 2003

Yeolgujatang is traditional casserole with meat, fish and vegetables in special pot. Name of Yeolgujatang was in 1800s, as yeolgujatang, yeolgujatangbang, yeolguja, in 1900s, Yeolgujatang, royal feast food in Yi Dynasty was yeolgujatang, Meon-sinseolro, tangsinseolro. Yeolgujatang frame has legs and a lid, and a cylinder that can contain charcoal at the center of its rounded pot. with this charcoal, food can be cooked. Its material has changed from brazier to brassware, stainless steel, and silver. Nowdays electric sinseolro was also launched, which uses electric power instead of charcoal. Materials in yeolgujatang are beef, intestines, pork, chicken, pheasant, fish, sea bream, abalone, shrimps, vegetables, mushroom, ddock, guksu, cooked rice, seasening and garnish. Nutrition of Yeolgujatang per capita contains 221.5kal of calory, 17.3g of protein, 16.5g of fat, 6.1g of carbobydrates, 2g of fiber, 57.6mg of calcium, 208mg of phosphorus, 4.3mg of ferrum, $2177{\mu}gRE$ of vitaminA, 1.58mg of vitamin $B_1$, 0.3mg vitamin $B_2$, 6.6mg of vitaminC and 5.26mgNE of niacin. Yeolgujatang is excellent in nutrition, except for calcium and vitaminC.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2022

우리나라 전통 숯가마로부터 제조된 숯의 표면형상과 흡착특성을 분석한 후, 습도와 온도를 조절하면서 이들의 수분 흡착성능을 측정하고 황토, 활성탄소섬유 직포 및 활성탄소섬유 종이의 수분 흡착성능과 비교하였다. 숯은 소수성이므로 45% 이하의 습도에서는 수분을 잘 흡착하지 않지만 습도가 증가하면 흡착성능이 서서히 1차식에 비례하여 증가하였다. 황토 분말도 낮은 습도에서는 숯과 유사했지만 습도가 증가하면 흡착성능이 기하급수적으로 증가하면서 Type V 등온흡착곡선을 보였다. 따라서 조선시대에 기상청 직원들이 숯과 황토의 수분 흡착능력을 일기예보에 적용하였다는 기록을 실험적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 활성탄소섬유 직포와 활성탄소섬유 종이는 수분 흡착능력이 월등하고 신속한 반응을 보이므로 습도측정 센서에 적용할 수 있다고 판단된다. 숯 조각의 등온흡착 및 탈착곡선 측정에서 흡착질인 질소의 탈착이 잘 이루어지지 않아 낮은 압력 이력현상(low-pressure hysteresis)이라는 독특한 Type I과 Type IV의 혼합형태를 보이는데, 이는 질소입자가 흡착시에 숯 세공의 틈새를 비비고 들어가 단단히 끼었다가 탈착시에 빠져나오지 않기 때문이다. 숯을 분말로 분쇄하면 이러한 틈새들이 분쇄되어 비표면적이 증가하고 낮은 상대압력에서 흡착질의 탈착량이 증가되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2009

본 이산화황이 잔류하는 한약재를 탕제로 달이는 방식에 따라 효율적으로 제거하는 방법을 찾기 위해 약 달이는 방식을 전통약탕기와 진자약탕기 2종류로 설정하였다. 전통약탕기로 156.4ppm을 함유하는 한약재를 1시간 달였을 때 96.7%의 제거효율을 보였으며, 2시간 달였을 때 100% 제거됨을 알 수 있었다. 전통약탕기 뚜껑을 전통한지, 일반한지, 거름종이, 일반종이를 사용하였을 경우 전통한지를 사용할 경우가 이산화황 제거효율이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 전통한지의 초기 pH는 10.03으로, 전통약탕기에 이산화황이 48ppm, 193ppm, 753ppm 및 1,506ppm 함유하는 한약재를 넣고 1시간 달인 후 pH 측정결과 9.37, 9.14, 8.9 및 8.03으로 각각 나타났다. 전자약탕기 파이롯트실험은, 전자약탕기로 1시간 약을 달일 경우 82.8%의 이산화황제거율을 보였으며, 약탕기 내부 중판부분에 전통한지, 거름종이, 활성탄, 참숯을 넣고 약을 달였을 때 73.6%, 72.8%, 73.9% 및 69.5%의 제거율을 보여 전자약탕기는 내부에 어떤 물체를 넣었을 경우 이산화황의 휘발을 방해하여 제거를 방해하는 것으로 나타났다.