• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.243-253
• /
• 2009

This research expands investigations into the biomass resource potential associated with California's food processing industry by surveying industries within a two county region in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. A previous survey conducted in 2005 for the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) quantified residue and waste generation from food processors and food preparation businesses in the Sacramento region. The present survey investigates residue and waste streams from food processors located in Merced and Stanislaus Counties. Sixty food processors were identified to participate in the survey, of which 49 responded (82%) and data were acquired for 38 (63%) (6 facilities closed or moved, 8 decided not to participate). Within the two counties, total annual waste among survey respondents amounted to 24,044 dry tons of high moisture (${\geq}$60%) food residuals, 5,358 dry tons of low moisture (<60%) food residuals; and 23.7 million $m^3$ of wastewater containing 38,814 tons of biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$). The total potential electric power generation from these food residues was estimated at approximately $7\;MW_e$. Total solid waste resource included in the survey response was estimated at about 10% of statewide residue generation for processors falling within the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System Major Group 20 (Food and Kindred Products) categories.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1998.07c
• /
• pp.1082-1084
• /
• 1998

In this paper, we developed a diagnosis device for ZnO arrester to detect on-line leakage current and acquire data from the power distribution system. The arrester is important power equipment used in power transmission and distribution systems to protect the generator and the main transformer from surge and overvoltage. First of all we developed a diagnosis device for ZnO arrester leakage current. And then we detect the total leakage current by the developed device without disconnecting the arrester ground wire and analysis the 3rd order harmonic by Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) to diagnose the ZnO arrester deterioration. With measuring the total current and the resistive current of power distribution system in operation, we analysis the trend of resistive current component in the total leakage current. We expect the result will be promote the method to protect electrical utility and customer from accident.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2019

Biodiversity refers to the total number and variation among species of flora and fauna of an area. Due to tremendous biotic especially anthropogenic pressure these natural resources are being vanishing. In present study genetic diversity among accessions of Thamnocalamus spathiflorus was evaluated. A total of 51 vegetative characters and 42 primers (10-mer) were screened. Out of 42 screened primers, 28 polymorphic primers were selected for further analysis. A total of 263 bands were recorded as polymorphic whereas 48 bands were monomorphic. The resolving power (Rp) of 28 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers ranged from 4.6 (OPE08) to 17.6 (OPA11). The polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.21 (OPAH09) to 0.44 (OPG02). The result revealed high degree of genetic relatedness (56 to 80%). Cluster analysis revealed two major clusters both for morphology as well as RAPD. Unlike morphological characterization, the accession (D5) from Bahli, Rampur, Shimla (H.P.) was clustered separately from the others in RAPD cluster analysis. Accessions with closed locality grouped together through RAPD marker system however analogy was recorded for morphological traits. The study conducted reflects the utility of RAPD technique for species identification and phylogenetic studies in bamboo for conducting bamboo breeding program.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2005

This study is to examine the modern women's awareness make-up in psychological standpoint based upon the survey of $20\~30$ years old women's consciousness of the motivation, the attention, the psychological utility, the attitude for make-up, the action behavior and the coordination with clothes. Modern women show a keen interest in make-up in company with the diversity of a fashion. This means the tendency which the intention for change and the expression of oneself are emphasizing on. The motivations of make-up are women's attention to other people and notice of evaluation of others and social meaning of make-up in relation with one's interest in appearances. Also, total coordination is concerned as another motivation. Make-up became the practical use and usual doings for women with the diversity of the information of make-up & the increase of cosmetics. Since there were so many women responded that they start to make up in their teens, we recognized that the women's sense of values has changed with the change of modern society.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.79-87
• /
• 2005

At present Cournot model is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the gaming situation in oligopoly market. But there exist several problems to apply this model to electricity market. The representative one is to obtain the inverse demand curve able to be induced from the relationship between market price and demand response. In Cournot model, each player offers their generation quantity to accomplish maximum profit, which is accomplished by reducing their quantity compared with available total capacity. As stated above, to obtain the probable Cournot equilibrium to reflect real market situation, we have to induce the correct demand function first of all. Usually the correlation between price and demand appears on the long-term basis through the statistical data analysis (for example, regression analysis) or by investigating consumer utility functions of several consumer groups classified as residential, industrial, and commercial. However, the elasticity has a tendency to change continuously according to the total market demand size or the level of market price. Therefore it should be updated as trading period passes by. In this paper we propose a method for inducing and updating this price elasticity of demand function for more realistic market equilibrium.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
• /
• v.5A no.4
• /
• pp.403-411
• /
• 2005

At present, the Cournot model is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the gaming situation in an oligopoly type market. However, several problems exist in the successful application of this model to the electricity market. The representative one is obtaining the inverse demand curve able to be induced from the relationship between market price and demand response. In the Cournot model, each player offers their generation quantity to obtain maximum profit, which is accomplished by reducing their quantity compared with available total capacity. As stated above, to obtain the probable Cournot equilibrium to reflect the real market situation, we have to induce the correct demand function first of all. Usually the correlation between price and demand appears over the long-term through statistical data analysis (for example, regression analysis) or by investigating consumer utility functions of several consumer groups classified as residential, industrial, and commercial. However, the elasticity has a tendency to change continuously according to the total market demand size or the level of market price. Therefore it should be updated as the trading period passes by. In this paper we propose a method for inducing and updating this price elasticity of demand function for more realistic market equilibrium.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.11b
• /
• pp.168-170
• /
• 2005

At present Cournot model is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the gaming situation in oligopoly market. But there exist several problems to apply this model to electricity market. The representative one is to obtain the inverse demand curve able to be induced from the relationship between market price and demand response. In Cournot model, each player offers their generation quantity to accomplish maximum profit, which is accomplished by reducing their quantity compared with available total capacity. As stated above, to obtain the probable Cournot equilibrium to reflect real market situation, we have to induce the correct demand function first of all. Usually the correlation between price and demand appears on the long-term basis through the statistical data analysis (for example, regression analysis) or by investigating consumer utility functions of several consumer groups classified as residential, industrial, and commercial. However, the elasticity has a tendency to change continuously according to the total market demand size or the level of market price. Therefore it should be updated as trading period passes by. In this paper we propose a method for inducing and updating this price elasticity of demand function for more realistic market equilibrium

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 1987

Soybeans(Glycine max Merr. cv. Kwanggyo), inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum 110 and then sand-cultured with nitrate gradients (0, 1, 3, 10 and 30mM KNO3). were studied on the growth analysis, nitrogen fixation and nitrogen economy during the growing period. The maxium values of total leaf area, biomass and nitrogen quantity were increased 139%, 122% and 161%, respectively with higher concentration of nitrate treatment. Nodulation showed significant linear correlation with leaf area growth for each treatment of nitrate concentration increased. The more nitrate concentration increased, the more distribution ratios of dry matter and nitrogen to nodule decreased, and the more T/R ratios, CGR and N content increased. On the other hand, F/C ratios and RGR showed little changes. The amounts of nitrogen fixation of soybean alloted to 0, 1, 3, 10 and 30mM nitrate treatments were 100, 46, 14, 0.1 and 0.004% for the total nitrogen assimilation, respectively. The nitrogen utility of soybean plant was smaller than that of other plants and ranged from 23 to 30 at varying nitrate gradients.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.806-811
• /
• 2017

A multiplex PCR system comprising 14 microsatellite markers was developed for genotyping analysis of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. A total of 286 samples were used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms and forensic parameters of the microsatellite loci. In a single PCR reaction, all 14 loci were uniformly amplified and a total of 269 alleles were identified. The AJ19024 locus had the largest number of alleles (46), and its discriminatory power and exclusion power were 0.99 and 0.76, respectively. The fewest alleles (8) were present at the Psj2575 locus, which provided the lowest discriminatory power (0.81) and exclusion power (0.20). The mean number of alleles, mean heterozygosity, mean discrimination power and mean exclusion power per locus were 19.21, 0.70, 0.93, and 0.46, respectively. The combined matching probability for the 14 loci was $9.64{\times}10^{-19}$, and the combined power of exclusion was 0.999995. Thus, the forensic parameters evaluated in the present study demonstrated the utility of our multiplex PCR system for biological tracing methods, such as individual identification and paternity testing, in the sea cucumber.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.704-716
• /
• 2016

Small distributed generation units are usually connected to the main electric grid through single-phase voltage source inverters. Grid operating conditions such as voltage and frequency are not constant and can fluctuate within the range values established by international standards. Furthermore, the requirements in terms of power factor correction, total harmonic distortion, and reliability are getting tighter day by day. As a result, the implementation of reliable and efficient control algorithms, which are able to adjust their control parameters in response to changeable grid operating conditions, is essential. This paper investigates the configuration topology and control algorithm of a single-phase inverter with the purpose of achieving high performance in terms of efficiency as well as total harmonic distortion of the output current. Accordingly, a Second Order Generalized Integrator with a suitable Phase Locked Loop (SOGI-PLL) is the basis of the proposed current and voltage regulation. Some practical issues related to the control algorithm are addressed, and a solution for the control architecture is proposed, based on resonant controllers that are continuously tuned on the basis of the actual grid frequency. Further, intentional islanding operation is investigated and a possible procedure for switching from grid-tied to islanding operation and vice-versa is proposed.