• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.206-221
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to validate translated Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue(MAF) scale. The scale is a 16-item scale that measures four dimensions of fatigue : severity, distress, impact, timing. Fourteen items are numerical rating scales and 2 items have multiple choice responses. Data were collected from the 137 patients with rheumatoid arthritis after content validation. Criterion validity was tested by correlation coefficient with Piper Fatigue Scale, which resulted in 0.7573(p<.0000). Construct validity was tested by item analysis and factor analysis. Corrected item-total correlation coefficients were 0.63-0.88. And factor analysis showed 2 factors : fatigue degree factor and fatigue impact factor. These two factors explained 73.5% of total variance. Reliability of internal consistency was 0.96 in Cronbach's alpha. Further validation study is necessary in each factor in other settings with other subjects.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1995.04a
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 1995

Fracture properties for LEFM, S-FPZ and NS-FPZ models were determined using by finite element method and energy balance from the experimental results of three-point bend tests. For the LEFM model the stress intensity factor needed to increase continuously with crack extension, and for the S-FPZ model the fracture process zone characteristics need to change continuously if the critical stress intensity factor was to remain constant. The LEFM model showed the largest resistance and the slowest crack extension, while the NS-FPZ model showed the smallest resistance and the fastest crack extension. The responses for the S-FPZ model were intermediate between those for the LEFM and NS-FPZ models and the total fracture energy densities for the S-FPZ and NS-FPZ models and the total fracture energy densities for the S-FPZ and NS-FPZ models were equal.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.67 no.4
• /
• pp.337-346
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate thermal post-buckling analysis of a laminated composite beam subjected under uniform temperature rising with temperature dependent physical properties. The beam is pinned at both ends and immovable ends. Under temperature rising, thermal buckling and post-buckling phenomena occurs with immovable ends of the beam. In the nonlinear kinematic model of the post-buckling problem, total Lagrangian approach is used in conjunction with the Timoshenko beam theory. Also, material properties of the laminated composite beam are temperature dependent: that is the coefficients of the governing equations are not constant. In the solution of the nonlinear problem, incremental displacement-based finite element method is used with Newton-Raphson iteration method. The effects of the fibber orientation angles, the stacking sequence of laminates and temperature rising on the post-buckling deflections, configurations and critical buckling temperatures of the composite laminated beam are illustrated and discussed in the numerical results. Also, the differences between temperature dependent and independent physical properties are investigated for post-buckling responses of laminated composite beams.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2005

It is estimated that 2.25 million households accounting for $13.5\%$ of total households will have home networking in 2025. As the need for intelligence and sustainability of residential environment has been increasing, the growing demand for intelligent house is obvious. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of consumers on digital home and their needs. A web-survey was conducted and the survey participants were limited to residents living in housing built after 2003. A total of 120 responses were used for data analysis. The images of digital home were categorized into environmental friendliness, convenience, and sophistication. Also the respondents showed the strong need for functions of digital home such as safety from emergency and entertainment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.733-740
• /
• 2012

This paper studies with structural and vibration analysis to evaluate the structural safety according to the types of steering wheels. This study models are two, three and four spoke types. As the number of spokes increases, the maximum equivalent stress becomes smaller but the maximum total deformation becomes a little higher. The natural frequency at three models are shown from 180 to 230Hz as the maximum deformation. The frequency responses as maximum amplitude displacement are happened at 200Hz, 500Hz and 500Hz respectively. In this study, the steering wheel with three spoke type is shown to become suitable at durability and production.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.579-589
• /
• 2017

The objective of this work is to analyze post-buckling of functionally graded (FG) beams with porosity effect under compression load. Material properties of the beam change in the thickness direction according to power-law distributions with different porosity models. It is known that post-buckling problems are geometrically nonlinear problems. In the nonlinear kinematic model of the beam, total Lagrangian finite element model of two dimensional (2-D) continuum is used in conjunction with the Newton-Raphson method. In the study, the effects of material distribution, porosity parameters, compression loads on the post-buckling behavior of FG beams are investigated and discussed with porosity effects. Also, the effects of the different porosity models on the FG beams are investigated in post-buckling case.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2007

Data obtained from field observation revealed that the degree of shell bioerosion of the scallop, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, by endolithic organisms significantly higher on the muddy sand than on the sand. At the area studied, the polychaete worm, Polydora brevipalpa (=Polydora ciliata brevipalpa, Polydora ciliata Okuda, Not Johnston, Polydora variegata), which is common symbiotic species for the scallop made 95-100% of total scallop shell bioerosion at the area studied. The muddy bottom sediments enriched by organic matter create favourable conditions for development of microphytobenthos and bacteria, which are predominantly consumed by P. brevipalpa. Linear regressions for the degree of shell bioerosion on the scallop shell height, total wet weight and adductor muscle wet weight revealed negative relationships between them for the scallops inhabiting both sand and muddy sand. The influence of polychaetes on scallops is complex. They may be food competitors. Polychaete can directly affect the host through their boreholes. Scallop expends energy for shell regeneration to prevent the polychaete penetration into its interior cavity. It was found that the degree of shell bioerosion increased considerably with scallop age.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.445-454
• /
• 2000

This study was focused on the analysis of questionnaire that surveyed the preference and perception on perilla leaves, known as kkaennip. 31.6% of total respondents answered that they had purchased perilla leares once or twice a month, and the volume of their purchases was offen limited to one or two bundles. Among those respondents, 50.4% surveyed that they had usually taken less than ten leaves in each meal. In the preference survey, 59.2% of total subjects responded 'like' or 'very like' on perilla leaves, and 60.5% of those subjects who favorably responded liked the flavor of the perilla leaves. On the other hand, 51.2% showed unfavorable responses due to the concern of agricultural chemicals. The favorite dishes using perilla leaves were 'kkaennip kimchi'. 'kkaennip ssam'and'kkaennip jon'in the order. The perceptions on the kkaennip kimchi in the market were considered as 'convenient'. 'not affectionate', 'fast', 'expensive' etc.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 1997

This study explored an alternative activity for the assessment of young children's literacy in Korea; namely, the evaluation of children's ability to construct meaning independent of decoding skill. The subjects were 78 children 4 to 5 years of age in Seoul. Instruments were the researcher's revised form of the Story Construction from a Picture Book, TRSR (Teachers' Ratings of Students' Reading) designed by van Kraayenoord & Paris (1996), and the revised form of the WLAT (Written Language Awareness Test, Kim, 1995). The assessment scores and oral responses of the children were analyzed by Pearson's r, MANOVA and one-way ANOVA, using repeated measures. The findings showed that (1) the story construction total scores were significantly correlated with WALT scores and the subcategory scores were intercorrelated with each other. (2) The story construction total scores differed by age, and (3) the 2 phase scores were higher than the 1 phase scores.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
• /
• 1997.04a
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 1997

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the near-optimal parameters of continuous beam subject to a moving load. The computer-aided optimization technique is used to obtain the near-optimal parameters. The computer program is developed to obtain the natural frequency parameters and the forced vibration responses to a transit point load for the continuous beam with variable support spacing, mass and stiffness. The optimization function to describe the design efficiency is defined as a linear combination of four dimensionless span characteristics: the maximum dynamic stress; the stress difference between span segments; the rms deflection under the transit point load; and the total span mass. Studies of three span beams show that the beam with near-optimal parameters can improve design efficiency by 12 to 24 percent when compared to a reference configuration beams of the same total span length.