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The Effect of Nursing Students' Use of Social Media and Information Utilization Skills on Learning Outcomes (간호대학생의 SNS활용, 정보활용능력이 학습성과에 미치는 영향)

  • Hyea Kyung Lee;Ye Jin Keum;Seo Hyeon Kim;So Yeon An;Eun Seo Lee;Jae Hyeck Lee;Min Seo Jang;Ji Hyun Hong
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.5
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2024
  • The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the learning outcomes of nursing students in relation to their use of social media and information utilization skills. The study participants were second to fourth-year nursing students with experience in using social media or information during their learning activities, and a total of 192 responses were analyzed. The study results indicated that the factors influencing learning outcomes included the use of social media, information utilization skills, and university satisfaction, explaining 32.4% of the learning outcomes. The order of influence was as follows: information utilization skills (β=.41, p<.001), use of social media (β=.15, p=024), university satisfaction (satisfied) (β=.31, p=001), and university satisfaction (average) (β=.21, p=018). Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that the findings be used as basic data to improve the learning outcomes of nursing students.

Feedback Processes Modulating the Sensitivity of Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation to Freshwater Forcing Timescales

  • Hyo-Jeong Kim;Soon-Il An;Soong-Ki Kim;Jae-Heung Park
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.34 no.12
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    • pp.5081-5092
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    • 2021
  • Paleoproxy records indicate that abrupt changes in thermohaline circulation (THC) were induced by rapid meltwater discharge from retreating ice sheets. Such abrupt changes in the THC have been understood as a hysteresis behavior of a nonlinear system. Previous studies, however, primarily focused on a near-static hysteresis under fixed or slowly varying freshwater forcing (FWF), reflecting the equilibrated response of the THC. This study aims to improve the current understanding of transient THC responses under rapidly varying forcing and their dependency on forcing time scales. The results simulated by an Earth system model suggest that the bifurcation is delayed as the forcing time scale is shorter, causing the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation collapse and recovery to occur at higher and lower FWF values, respectively. The delayed shutdown/recovery occurs because bifurcation is determined not by the FWF value at the time but by the total amount of freshwater remaining over the THC convection region. The remaining freshwater amount is primarily determined by the forcing accumulation (i.e., time-integrated FWF), which is modulated by the freshwater/salt advection by ocean circulations and freshwater flux by the atmospheric hydrological cycle. In general, the latter is overwhelmed by the former. When the forced freshwater amount is the same, the modulation effect is stronger under slowly varying forcing because more time is provided for the feedback processes.

Trace element and cytokine imbalances in calves with dermatophytosis

  • Han Gyu Lee;Ara Cho;Ui-Hyung Kim;Sihyun An;Yoon Jung Do;Changyong Choe;Are Sun You;Young-Hun Jung;Seogjin Kang;Eun-Yeong Bok
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2024
  • Bovine dermatophytosis is a highly contagious disease that adversely affects animal growth and reduces meat and milk production. Nutritional deficiencies and immune status are suspected risk factors, but their roles remain unclear. This study investigates the association between trace minerals, vitamins, serum biochemical parameters, and immune-related cytokines with bovine dermatophytosis. Forty calves aged 6~7 months were selected and raised together on the same farm. They were divided into two groups: the control group (n=20) and the infected group (n=20). Serum was collected and analyzed for serum trace minerals, vitamins, biochemical parameters, and cytokine levels. Trichophyton verrucousm was isolated from infected calves. The infected calves had significantly lower zinc (P<0.001) and vitamin E (P=0.02) levels and significantly higher interleukin (IL)-6 (P=0.014) and IL-17A (P=0.018) levels. Regarding serum biochemical parameters, glucose (P=0.008) and total bilirubin (P=0.003) levels were significantly higher in the infected calves than in healthy ones. Hyperglobulinemia and high alkaline phosphatase levels were observed in the infected calves, without statistical significance. Our findings suggest the necessity of considering nutritional elements such as zinc and vitamin E for the prevention and treatment of bovine dermatophytosis. Additionally, the observed changes in immune and serum biochemistry factors post-infection may provide a foundation for future research on the host's biological responses to infection.

Excess Deaths in Korea During the COVID-19 Pandemic: 2020-2022

  • So-Jin Im;Ji-Yeon Shin;Duk-Hee Lee
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.480-489
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: Excess deaths, an indicator that compares total mortality rates before and during a pandemic, offer a comprehensive view of the pandemic's impact. However, discrepancies may arise from variations in estimating expected deaths. This study aims to compare excess deaths in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using 3 methods and to analyze patterns using the most appropriate method. Methods: Expected deaths from 2020 to 2022 were estimated using mortality data from 2015-2019 as reference years. This estimation employed 3 approaches: (1) simple average, (2) age-adjusted average, and (3) age-adjusted linear regression. Excess deaths by age, gender, and cause of death were also presented. Results: The number of excess deaths varied depending on the estimation method used, reaching its highest point with the simple average and its lowest with the age-adjusted average. Age-adjusted linear regression, which accounts for both the aging population and declining mortality rates, was considered most appropriate. Using this model, excess deaths were estimated at 0.3% for 2020, 4.0% for 2021, and 20.7% for 2022. Excess deaths surged among individuals in their 20s throughout the pandemic, largely attributed to a rise in self-harm and suicide. Additionally, the results indicated sharp increases in deaths associated with "endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases" and "symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified." Conclusions: Substantial variations in excess deaths were evident based on estimation method, with a notable increase in 2022. The heightened excess deaths among young adults and specific causes underscore key considerations for future pandemic responses.

Association between Unmet Dental-Care Needs and the Intention to Use Mobile Healthcare Services among Soldiers

  • Mi-Sook Yoon;Han-A Cho
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.208-220
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    • 2024
  • Background: Although a direct association has been established between oral health management and maintaining military combat readiness and fulfilling defense duties, unmet dental-care needs have been consistently reported, and there has been little research on the role of mobile healthcare services in addressing this issue. This study explored the association between unmet dental-care needs and the intention to use mobile healthcare services among military personnel. Methods: This study was conducted on military personnel who visited a military hospital in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, from August 19 to August 31, 2024. A total of 150 self-administered questionnaires were distributed and 135 valid responses were analyzed. The analysis included general characteristics, dental care utilization, and intention to use mobile healthcare services. Statistical analyses, such as t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple regression, were employed to determine the factors influencing the intention to use mobile healthcare services. Results: This study found that military personnel with unmet dental-care needs had significantly higher intentions to use mobile healthcare services than those without such needs. The analysis revealed that the key factors influencing this intention were perceived health status and previous dental-care utilization. Specifically, participants who rated their overall health as better and those who had used dental care services in the past year showed a greater tendency to express interest in mobile healthcare services than those who did not. Furthermore, unmet dental-care needs were more prevalent among soldiers who reported limited access to dental facilities owing to time constraints or a lack of prioritization of oral health, which increased their inclination toward utilizing mobile healthcare solutions as an alternative. Conclusion: Mobile healthcare solutions can offer personalized and timely care as viable alternatives for improving oral health management in the military. Moreover, integrating mobile healthcare services into military health systems could significantly reduce unmet dental-care needs and enhance overall combat readiness by promoting better health outcomes.

Effect of Value on Tourists' Carbon Neutral Tourism Behaviors: Applying VBN(Value-Belief-Norm)Theory (관광객의 가치가 탄소중립관광 행동에 미치는 영향: 가치신념규범 이론을 바탕으로)

  • Eun-Ju Woo;Sang-Tak Lee;Yeong-Gug Kim
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.469-482
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    • 2024
  • Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine tourists' intentions toward carbon-neutral behavior within the tourism industry. Specifically, it focuses on the tourists, who are the consumers of tourism activities, rather than the perspective of tourism providers. The study investigates the impact of tourists' carbon-neutral tourism behavior, using the Value-Belief-Norm (VBN) theory. Design/methodology/approach - A face-to-face survey was conducted with tourists who visited tourist sites in Busan. As a result, a total of 347 valid responses were collected, which were then used to test the proposed research model and seven hypotheses. Findings - Examining the structural relationships revealed that all seven hypotheses were statistically significant and supported. The three proposed values had a positive impact on the new environmental paradigm(H1,H2,H3). The new environmental paradigm significantly influenced awareness of consequences(H4), which in turn positively affected ascription of responsibility(H5). The ascription of responsibility significantly impacted personal norms(H6), and finally, personal norms had a positive impact on carbon-neutral tourism intentions(H7). Research implications or Originality - Various academic fields, both domestically and internationally, are recognizing the risks of the climate crisis and conducting research related to carbon neutrality. However, in the field of tourism studies, research specifically focused on carbon-neutral tourism remains quite limited. Therefore, this study aims to understand the carbon-neutral behaviors of tourists. Based on this understanding, the study provides practical implications for tourism providers.

COVID-19 Healthcare Spending and Challenges in OECD Countries (OECD 국가의 코로나19 의료비 지출 현황과 남겨진 과제)

  • Jeongwoo Shin
    • Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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    • v.16 no.5_spc
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    • pp.635-641
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    • 2024
  • OECD countries' Current Health Expenditure has reached the 9% of GDP, driven by high growth in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Korea marked 9.4% in 2022, surpassing the OECD average (9.2%) for the first time since joining the OECD. While the share of COVID-19-related health expenditures in total health spending is 7.8 percent, well above the OECD average (5.1 percent), the structure and fluctuation patterns of health expenditures are different from other OECD countries, which has two implications from a health system perspective. First, even in the unique context of a health crisis, it is important to examine the impact that steep health spending growth can have on sustainability of the healthcare system. Second, among the various healthcare interventions to combat the health crisis, we should explore responses that are appropriate to the Korean context to increase the resilience of the healthcare system.

The Influences of Perfusion Temperature on Inflammatory and Hematologic Responses during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (체외순환시 염증과 혈액학적 반응에 대한 관류온도의 영향)

  • 김상필;최석철;박동욱;한일용;이양행;조광현;황윤호
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.37 no.10
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    • pp.817-826
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    • 2004
  • Background: Several studies have demonstrated that conventional hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes cellular injury, abnormal responses in peripheral vascular beds and increased postoperative bleeding, whereas normothermic CPB provides protection of the hypothermic-induced effects and better cardiac recovery. The present study was prospectively performed to compare the effects of normothermic CPB to those of hypothermic CPB on the inflammatory and hematologic responses during cardiac surgery. Material and Method: Thirty-four adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to hypothermic CPB (nasopharyngeal temperature $26~28^{\circ}C,$ n=17) or normothermic CPB (nasopharyngeal $temperature>35.5^{\circ}C,$ n=17) group. In both groups, cold $(4^{\circ}C)$ crystalloid cardioplegia was applied for myocardial protection. Blood samples were drawn from radial artery before (Pre-CPB), 10 minutes after starting (CPB-10) and immediately after ending (CPB-OFF) CPB. Total leukocyte and platelet counts, interleukin-6 (IL-6) level(expressed as percent to the baseline of Pre-CPB), D-dimer level, protein C and protein S activity were measured with the blood samples. The amount of bleeding for postoperative 24 hours and blood transfusion after operation were also assessed. All parameters were compared between the two groups. Result: The total leukocyte counts $(10,032\pm65/mm^3)$ and the increased ratio of IL-6 $(353\pm7.0%)$ at CPB-OFF in the normothermic group were higher than that $(7,254\pm48/mm^3$ and $298\pm7.3%)$ of the hypothermic group(p=0.02 and p=0.03). In the normothermic group, protein C activity $(32\pm3.8%)$ and protein S activity $(35\pm4.1%)$ at CPB-OFF were significantly lower than that $(45\pm4.3%$ and $51\pm3.8%)$ of the hypothermic group (p=0.04 and p=0.009). However, there were no differences in platelet counts and D-dimer concentration. In the normothermic group, the amount of bleeding for postoperative 24 hours $(850\pm23.2$ mL) and requirements for blood transfusion after operation such as packed cell $(1,402\pm20.5$ mL), fresh frozen plasma $(970\pm20.8$ mL) and platelet $(252\pm6.4$ mL) were higher than that $(530\pm21.5$ mL, $696\pm15.7$ mL, $603\pm18.2$ mL and $50\pm0.0$ mL) of the hypothermic group. Conclusion: These results indicate that normothermic CPB with cold crystalloid cardioplegia was associated with higher increase in inflammatory response, hemostatic abnormalities and postoperative bleeding problem than moderate hypothermic CPB.

The Perception and Emotional Experiences of Rare and Intractable Diseases in Caregivers and Pediatric Patients with Mitochondrial diseases (미토콘드리아 질환 소아 환자 보호자에서의 질환 인식 및 정서변화)

  • Eom, Soyong;Lee, Joo Young;Hyun, Jiah;Lee, Young-Mock
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the perception and emotional experiences in rare and intractable diseases for caregivers of pediatric patients with mitochondrial diseases in order to provide therapeutic interventions for patients, caregivers, and families. Methods: A total of 83 caregivers of pediatric patients with mitochondrial diseases were recruited from the pediatric mitochondrial disease clinics of the Gangnam Severance Hospital in South Korea. Participants completed the survey about their perception of mitochondrial disease and emotional experiences after the diagnosis, and these clinical data were analyzed accordingly. Results: Surveys from a total of 83 caregivers of patients were analyzed, and the patients' age ranged from 6 to 12 years (33%), followed by ages 1 to 6 years (30%). Children with mitochondrial diseases were between 0 and 0.5 years of age at the time of first symptom onset (43%), and the duration of illness lasted more than 10 years in most cases (42%). Prior to diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, the amount of awareness the caregivers had was 'Not at all' for both rare and intractable diseases and mitochondrial diseases in 44 cases and 68 cases, respectively. For the caregivers' emotional experiences, the most common initial responses were 'Discouraged/despair', 'Helpless/lethargic', and 'Disconcerted'. 'Anxious', 'Committed to treatment', and 'Responsibility as family members' were the most common emotional responses from the caregivers, followed by 'Disconcerted' and 'Helpless/lethargic'. Conclusion: It is important to consider the level of perception and emotional experiences of caregivers and patients with rare and intractable mitochondrial diseases for planning treatment programs.

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Socio-Economic Variables and Attitudes of Forest Owners toward Cooperative Management (협업경영(協業經營)에 대(對)한 산주태도(山主態度)와 사회경제적변수(社會經濟的變數))

  • Cho, Eung Hyouk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 1981
  • Total 183 private forest owners in Chungnam-Do were surveyed in order to analyse the attitudes toward cooperative forest management and to find out the relationship of the attitudes with such socio-economic variables as owners' socio-economic status(SES), age and educational level. Major findings of the study are summarized as follows:- 1. Only 17.5 percent of the owners regards the cooperative management as a desirable alternative for the management of private forests. Significant difference of their attitudes is recognized only among the classes of the educational level. 2. About one-third of the owners wishes to participate to a cooperative, if established. The owners' intention of participating is positively related to the degree of S.E.S. and educational level, but negatively associated with that of age variable, and the differences among the classes of all variables are significant at the 0.01 or 0.05 levels. 3. More than half of the owners desires to have limited cooperatives, in which the members themselves manage their forest land with some management aspects being handled by the cooperative such as procurement of seedlings, protection measures, and marketing. The difference of responses among the classes of educational level is significant at the 0.01 level. 4. The owners, who agree with the idea of voluntary membership in the cooperative, are about 45 percent of the total. Significant difference is found only among the classes of the S.E.S. variable. 5. Nearly 60 percent of the owners wants to have self-help cooperative organizations. Significant difference of responses is recognized only among the classes of the age variable.

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