• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.781-790
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 평균건설단가를 적용하여 개략 공사비를 산출하는 기존 방식에서 벗어나 대표공종을 이용한 입력변수 도출 모델을 구축하여 기본설계단계에서 고려되어지는 여러 입력변수들을 활용하여 P.S.C(Prestressed Concrete) Box Girder 교량에서 널리 활용되고 있는 I.L.M(Incremental Launching Method) 공법에 연구 모델을 적용하고자 한다. 2000년부터 설계된 공사비 데이터와 설계자료 등을 분석하여 상부공사 중 총 공사비대비 누적비율 95%이상을 차지하는 공종을 대표공종으로 도출하였다. 각 대표공종의 하위공종에 대한 내역 분기를 실시하여 각 항목들의 Database를 구축하였다. 본 연구에서는 다각적인 측면에서 개략공사비 산정 모델을 개발 및 제시하였으며, 사용자 입장에서 보다 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 대표공종을 기초로 단위물량을 사용한 개략공사비 산정모델(I)과 상관성이 높은 입력변수를 선택한 개략공사비 산정모델(II)과 상관계수 0.6이상의 입력변수들을 모두 포함하는 다중회귀분석을 통한 개략공사비 산정모델(III)을 제시한다. 실제 총공사비와 본 연구에서 제시하는 개략공사비 산정모델들을 비교하고, 신뢰성을 검증함으로써 현재 국내에서 사용되는 산정방법에 비해 정밀도 측면에서 효율적인 공사비 관리방법을 제시한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 온라인 여행사를 이용한 중국 개별여행객을 중심으로 e-서비스품질이 관계품질과 재이용의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 연구대상은 방한 중국 여행객 중 온라인 여행사 이용 경험이 있는 개별여행객으로 선정하였으며 중국여행객들이 가장 많이 이용하고 있는 제주국제공항에서 설문조사를 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 2019년 7월 15일부터 2019년 7월 21일까지 7일 동안 이루어졌다. 총 320부를 배포하여 최종 유효한 설문지 300부를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과, 온라인 여행사의 e-서비스품질 요인이 관계품질(만족, 신뢰)에 미치는 영향에서는 e-서비스품질의 편의성, 개별성, 정확성, 가격매력성 모든 요인이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 만족도와 신뢰도 모두에 '정보의 정확성'이 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 파악되었다. 온라인 여행사의 관계품질과 재이용의도의 영향관계에서는 모든 하위요인인 만족과 신뢰 요인들이 재이용의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 향후 온라인 여행사를 이용한 중국 여행객에 대한 마케팅적 기초자료를 관계자와 실무자들에게 제공하고자 한다. 특히 중국 개별여행객들의 관광 행동을 중심으로 효과적인 온라인 여행사와의 업무적 협력관계 방안과 전략적 대안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2020

Demand for cosmetics with functionality and eco-friendliness has increased dramatically due to recent aging, well-being trends, and increased interest in beauty. Cosmetics production in 2014 was 8,970.4 billion won, an increase of about 50% compared to 6,014.6 billion won in 2010. In the midst of this, similar companies in intense competition are pursuing differentiated strategies and innovation activities to solve quality, price and delivery problems. In particular, cosmetics packaging work is getting more difficult due to the increasing bill of materials (BOM) and difficult assembly methods. Therefore, in this study, the following problems were identified and suggestions for the improvement of the packaging Many research laboratories such as biotechnology, chemistry, and pharmaceuticals, which are undergoing various studies, are equipped with ready-made laboratory safety equipments such as bio-safety workbenches, aseptic bases, and exhaust workbenches. However, most researchers are disadvantaged in using existing safety equipment. This is because existing safety equipment can not take into account all of the unique characteristics of the research. For this reason, researchers are demanding the development of customized safety equipment that is well suited to their research needs. process of Company C, which is facing difficult situation to respond to the customer 's delivery due to the 52 - hour work week. First, we used the stopwatch to find the difficulty process in the packaging process and show ways to improve it. Second, to improve the efficiency of line balancing in the packaging process, we integrate processes, improve work methods, and perform simple automation. As a result, the prepare loss for replacement was reduced by 1 minute from 5 minutes, resulting in a 23% increase in productivity from 112 ea./hour to 137ea./ hour per person. At this time, the LOB of the packaging process was improved from 70% to 82% by operating one more production line through one person per line, total 9 people saving.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.191-209
• /
• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 영남지역의 패스트푸드 프랜차이즈 시장에서 가맹점의 관점에서 본사의 적극성, 혁신성, 위험추구성이 본사와 가맹점 간의 정서적 결속과, 이 정서적 결속이 가맹점이 지각하는 외부대표와 서비스이행에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 설문지를 사용하여 280명의 패스트푸드 프랜차이즈 가맹점주나 관리자의 표본으로부터 얻은 자료를, 통계방법으로 구조방정식을 사용하여 실증 분석한 결과, 첫째, 본사의 혁신성과 위험추구성은 본사와 가맹점 간의 정서적 결속에 정(+)의 영향을, 둘째, 정서적 결속은 가맹점이 지각하는 외부대표와 서비스이행에 정(+)의 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 본사의 적극성은 정서적 결속에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 프랜차이즈 본사는 가맹점들이 그들에게 가지는 정서적 결속을 제고하기 위해, 첫째, 본사 자신의 혁신성과 위험추구성을 장기적 수익 추구를 위해 추구하여야 하는데, 그러하기 위해서 고객동향을 정기적으로 조사하여 많은 신메뉴와 신서비스를 개발하도록 하고, 그런 다음 그 메뉴와 서비스에 대해서 신 마케팅기법을 혁신적으로 수행하며, 둘째, 경쟁의 심화로 고수익/고위험 성향의 경영방식을 되도록 채택하고, 가격변화 등 대담한 결정이 필요하다. 또한, 본사는 적극성을 증가시키기 위하여 신메뉴/신서비스를 시장에 경쟁자보다 먼저 출하하여 시장을 선점하면서 정서적 결속을 강화할 필요가 있다. 정서적 결속을 증가시키기 위해 가맹점의 가치에 본사의 가치를 최대한 맞추는 것이 있는데, 가치가 같으면 목표가 같게 된다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점과 미래의 연구방향이 논의되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2016

In finance literature, stock liquidity showing how stocks can be cashed out in the market has received rich attentions from both academicians and practitioners. The reasons are plenty. First, it is known that stock liquidity affects significantly asset pricing. Second, macroeconomic announcements influence liquidity in the stock market. Therefore, stock liquidity itself affects investors' decision and managers' decision as well. Though there exist a great deal of literature about stock liquidity in finance literature, it is quite clear that there are no studies attempting to investigate the stock liquidity issue as one of decision making problems. In finance literature, most of stock liquidity studies had dealt with limited views such as how much it influences stock price, which variables are associated with describing the stock liquidity significantly, etc. However, this paper posits that stock liquidity issue may become a serious decision-making problem, and then be handled by using data mining techniques to estimate its future extent with statistical validity. In this sense, we collected financial data set from a number of manufacturing companies listed in KRX (Korea Exchange) during the period of 2010 to 2013. The reason why we selected dataset from 2010 was to avoid the after-shocks of financial crisis that occurred in 2008. We used Fn-GuidPro system to gather total 5,700 financial data set. Stock liquidity measure was computed by the procedures proposed by Amihud (2002) which is known to show best metrics for showing relationship with daily return. We applied five data mining techniques (or classifiers) such as Bayesian network, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, neural network, and ensemble method. Bayesian networks include GBN (General Bayesian Network), NBN (Naive BN), TAN (Tree Augmented NBN). Decision tree uses CART and C4.5. Regression result was used as a benchmarking performance. Ensemble method uses two types-integration of two classifiers, and three classifiers. Ensemble method is based on voting for the sake of integrating classifiers. Among the single classifiers, CART showed best performance with 48.2%, compared with 37.18% by regression. Among the ensemble methods, the result from integrating TAN, CART, and SVM was best with 49.25%. Through the additional analysis in individual industries, those relatively stabilized industries like electronic appliances, wholesale & retailing, woods, leather-bags-shoes showed better performance over 50%.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2006

Statement of problem: The titanium has advantages of a high biocompatibility, a corrosion resistence, low density, and cheep price, so it is focused as a substituted alloy But it is quite difficult to cast with the tranditional method due to the high melting point, reacivity with element at, elevated temperature. By using the CAD-CAM system for the crown construction, it is possible to reduce the errors while proceeding the wax-up, investing, and casting procedure Purpose: The purposes of this study were to measure the marginal adaptation of the casting titanium coping and machine-milled titanium coping according to the casting methods and the marginal configurations. Material and method: The marginal configurations were used chamfer shoulder, and beveled shoulder. The total 30 copings were used, and these are divided into 6 groups according to the manufacturing method and marginal configuration. The gap between margin of the model and the restoration was measured with 3-dimensional measuring microscope. Results: The following results were obtained; 1. casting gold coping demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed by casting titanium coping finally machine-milled titanium copings. 2. In casting titanium coping, chamfer demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed by shoulder and beveled shoulder. There was no significantly difference in shoulder and beveled shoulder. But all margin form has clinically acceptable 3. In machine-milled titanium copings, chamfer demonstrated the best marginal seal, followed by shoulder and beveled shoulder. Beveled shoulder show large and uneven marginal gap Conclusions: Above result revealed that marginal adaptation of the titanim coping is avail able in the clinical range, it can be used as an alternative metal and it is prefered especially in chamfer or shoulder margin during implant superstructure fabrication. But there should be more research on machine-milled titanium in order to use it in the clinics.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.92-100
• /
• 2016

VoLTE는 음성과 문자까지 IP 기반으로 서비스가 제공됨에 따라 기존 서킷방식의 2G/3G망 기반 음성서비스에 비해 기술 및 원가효율성이 높아 규모의 경제 효과가 클 뿐만 아니라, 음성과 데이터가 하나의 망으로 제공되기 때문에 범위의 경제 효과 또한 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 기술적 효율성을 기초로 VoLTE 서비스가 기존 서킷방식의 음성서비스에 비해 원가적 측면에서 비용효율성이 얼마나 큰지 혹은 상대적으로 높은 원가효율성을 지니고 있는 VoLTE 서비스가 활성화될 경우 이에 따라 사업자들에게는 얼마만큼의 요금인하 여력을 제공할 수 있는지에 대한 연구는 전무한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 기존 서킷방식의 음성서비스 대비 VoLTE 서비스의 상대적 원가효율성 규모를 분석하고, 이를 기초로 VoLTE 서비스 활성화 정도에 따른 음성서비스 요금 인하 여력이 얼마만큼 될 것인지를 계량적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째 음성통화량이 고정되어 있다는 가정하에 단기적으로는 VoLTE 서비스 제공을 위해 LTE망 구축 투자비 발생으로 인해 평균비용이 상승하나, VoLTE의 상대적 우수한 원가효율성에 따라 VoLTE 전환율이 높아질수록 음성서비스의 요금인하 여력이 발생되는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 모든 음성통화량이 VoLTE로 전이될 경우 음성서비스 요금은 현재 요금 수준의 약 60%까지 인하될 여력이 존재하며, 이에 따라 데이터서비스 중심으로 과금하는 요금안의 정당성을 일부 확보할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 통신사업자에게는 요금전략 수립시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 정책적으로는 요금인하를 유도할 수 있는 정책자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.198-211
• /
• 2014

Objectives: To investigate the use frequency and amount of food sources of sodium and knowledge requirement, and job satisfaction with school food services according to the school types in Busan. Methods: A total of 98 schools were surveyed and knowledge requirement and job satisfaction were assessed using a questionnaire. In addition, the use frequency and amount of food sources of sodium for 10 school days were examined. Results: The response rate of the most difficult area among dietitians' tasks was significantly high in 'nutrition education and counseling' for elementary schools and 'hygiene management' for high schools (p < .05). The response rate of the factors to be considered in meal planning was significantly high in 'energy and nutrients requirement' for elementary schools and 'menu/taste preference of students' for middle and high schools (p < .05). The response rate of whether school food services affect health and eating habits of students or not was significant high in 'very helpful' for elementary schools (p < .001). The average sodium contents in the meals of elementary, middle and high schools was 1981.4 mg/meal/person/day, 1867.3 mg/meal/person/day and 1,329.9 mg/meal/person/day, respectively. For foods in highest sodium, Kimchi, Oribulgogi, and Kare rice were ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively. The main reason for not providing the fruits was 'price' among all groups. The knowledge requirement such as 'nutrition and menu management', 'nutrition education', and 'nutrition counseling' was significantly higher in elementary school compared with middle and high school (p < .001, p < .01, and p < .01 respectively). The dietitians and nutrition teachers of elementary schools have a higher job satisfaction compared with those of middle schools (p < .01). The job satisfaction was positively correlated with knowledge requirement of dietitians and nutrition teachers of elementary and middle schools. Conclusions: The results suggest that developing dietitians' education program about knowledge requirement contribute to increasing the school food service and job satisfaction in elementary and middle schools.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
• /
• pp.266-287
• /
• 1998

Environmental conditions and expected profit are the major criteria to select crops to be cultivated in any region. Traditionally, miscellaneous crops have been cultivated as alternative crop in case of unfavorable climate or supplementary crop in marginal lands. Since the successful breeding of high yielding varieties of staple crops and development of cultural techniques in 1970s in Korea, production of miscellaneous crops decreased markedly due to the rapid commercialization of agriculture and increased productions of horticultural crops, although yields have been doubled during the last $2\~3$ decades. On the other hand, animal husbandry has been developing remarkably parallel with national economic development and the increased consumption of animal products. As a result, imports of feed grains such as corn have increased rapidly, while roughage production became lower than demand. Among miscellaneous crops, corn production increased markedly through the development of hybrids and due to its importance as silage crops. Acreage of corn production including grains, fresh corns and feeding is about 120,000 ha, while acreage of buckwheat is about 5,000 ha and those of other miscellaneous crops decreased to a level of about 1,000 ha. Although miscellaneous crops have low yield potential and are unprofitable due to low price and imports of cheap foreign products, they should be kept to cultivate. Miscellaneous crops are important components that maintain diversity among upland crops as well as alternative crops in case of unfavorable climate. The low yield potential of miscellaneous crops might be due to lack of efforts to breed high yielding varieties and to develope cultural techniques. Continuous investment in research, exploitation of new utilization for miscellaneous crops as sustainable crop, honey crop and sightseeing crop, and development of healthy and special foods will promote their cultivation. Animal feeding in Korea depends mainly on formula feeds. As the number of animals increases to meet demand of animal products, there is no alternative way but to import grains to feed them. But roughage production, which is necessary for normal growth of ruminant animals, should be increased. However, lack of arable land and pasture land limits the production of good roughages. It is estimated that number of course for meat and milk production will be $2.5{\~}2.6$ million and total of $6.2{\~}7.5$ million tons of roughages should be produced. This implies that more than 1 million tons of roughage are needed, although pasture land, upland for forage crops, forage crops after rice cultivation and rice straw are utilized. Therefore, new reclamation of pasture land, increased roughage production in cultivating land, increased cultivation of forage crops after rice, more utilization of rice straw and active exploration of indigenous plant species as roughage resources should be promoted

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.17.1-17.6
• /
• 2015

The present study investigated the nutritional and economic suitability of cashew reject meal (full fat and defatted) as replacement for groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets of laying chickens. A total of eighty four brown shavers at 25 weeks of age were randomly allotted into seven dietary treatments each containing 6 replicates of 2 birds each. The seven diets prepared included diet 1, a control with GNC at $220gkg^{-1}$ as main protein source in the diet. Diets 2, 3 and 4 consist of gradual replacement of GNC with defatted cashew reject meal (DCRM) at 50%, 75% and 100% on weight for weight basis respectively while diets 5, 6 and 7 consist of gradual inclusion of full fat cashew reject meal (FCRM) to replace 25%, 35% and 50% of GNC protein respectively. Each group was allotted a diet in a completely randomized design in a study that lasted eight weeks during which records of the chemical constituent of the test ingredients, performance characteristics, egg quality traits and economic indicators were measured. Results showed that the crude protein were 22.10 and 35.4% for FCRM and DCRM respectively. Gross energy of DCRM was 5035 kcal/kg compared to GNC, 4752 kcal/kg. Result of aflatoxin $B_1$ revealed moderate level between 10 and $17{\mu}g/Kg$ in DCRM and GNC samples respectively. Birds on control gained 10 g, while those on DCRM and FCRM gained about 35 g and 120 g respectively. Feed intake declined (P < 0.05) with increased level of FCRM. Hen day production was highest in birds fed DCRM, followed by control and lowest value (P < 0.05) was recorded for FCRM. No significant change (P > 0.05) was observed for egg weight and shell thickness. Fat deposition and cholesterol content increased (P > 0.05) with increasing level of FCRM. The cost of feed per kilogram decreased gradually with increased inclusion level of CRM. The prediction equation showed the relative worth of DCRM compared to GNC was 92.3% whereas the actual market price of GNC triples that of DCRM. It was recommended that GNC could be completely replaced by DCRM in layer's diets in regions where this by product is abundant. However, FCRM should be cautiously used in diets of laying chickens.