• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of obesity, serum lipids and CRP in Korean adults. The predictors of obesity and serum lipids were the subject's general characteristics, life style, eating habit and nutrients. The predictors of CRP were the subject's general characteristics, life style, eating habit, nutrients, obesity and serum lipids. Method: 115 subjects who had visited the health examination center at a hospital participated in the study. The data analysed with descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Result: Sex, married, eating out ($4{\leq}$/w), eating out (2-3/w) and age ($61{\leq}$) were anticipated variable on BMI ($R^2$=0.488). Sex and overeating (2-3/w) were anticipated variable on body fat($R^2$=0.218). Drink (4-6/w), age (51-60), sex, vegetable fat and Systolic BP were anticipated variable on total cholesterol ($R^2$=0.217). Age (51-60), vegetable fat and unmarried were anticipated variable on LDL ($R^2$=0.180). Sex was anticipated variable on HDL and Triglyceride ($R^2$=0.054, 0.192). Breakfast (1-3/w) and meal (2/d) were anticipated variable on CRP ($R^2$=0.1268). Conclusion: It is thought that decreasing eating out and overeating might be important to prevent obesity. It is thought that decreasing drinking and fat eating might be important to improve serum lipids. It is thought that eating breakfast might be important to decrease CRP.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.126-137
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• 2002

Objective : There is accumulating data that cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, cerebro-vascular accident, coronary heart disease, relate to atherosclerotic changes. Increased serum levels of lipids could play a role in these circumstances. the SDPTG(the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform) is noninvasive methods for evaluating the pulse wave and is correlated with age and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. Methods : To study the effects of serum lipid levels on the SDPTG in the middle-age adults, data on serum lipid levels and the SDPTG were collected in 80 healthy middle age with varying serum lipid concentrations. Biological vascular age was assessed using the SDPTG. the SDPTG consists of an a, b, c, and d wave in systole and an e wave in diastole; an SDPTG aging index(Al) was calculated as (b-c-d-e)/a. Results : Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, total lipid, phospholipid, HDL cholesterol levels were respectively and significantly correlated with SDPTG Al. Serum lipid levels and blood pressure are age-dependent and the SDPTG is blood pressure-dependent. Restricting analysis to age and blood pressure yield strong positive correlations between serum triglyceride, total lipid levels and SDPTG Al, but no correlations between serum total cholesterol, phospholipid levels and SDPTG Al. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that preventive acupuncture programs or herbal medications for reducing serum lipid, especially triglyceride, levels in middle-age should include a evaluation of biological vascular aging with the second derivative of photoplethysmogram waveform.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the level of serum lipids and obesity in housewives in Mooan, and relationships between them. The average age, height and weight were 51.1 years, 154.3cm and 58.3kg respectively. The level of obesity of subjects was higher than that of housewives in other areas investigated in other studies. BMI and RBW underestimated in the obese compared to BIA. The amounts of lean body mass and total body water of subjects above 60 years old were smaller than those of forties and their BMI and RBW were lower than those of forties. However, their body fat percentage was nearly same as that of forties. Serum HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C) of subjects was lower than 55mg/㎗, the lower limit of normal range. Triglyceride of subjects above 60years old was higher than the 95th percentile of those of the same age with reference to Mayo clinic. The serum total cholesterol(TC) showed positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol(LDL-C) and TC/HDL-C(p<0.001). LDL-C showed positive correlation with TC(p<0.001), but negative correlation with HDL-C(p<0.05). HDL-C showed negative correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). TC/HDL-C showed a positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.05). HDL-C was the serum lipid which showed the highest correlation with obesity and body composition. It showed a negative correlation with the percentage of body fat(p<0.001), total body fat(p<0.001), BMI(p< 0.05) and RBW(p<0.05). TC/HDL-C showed positive correlation with the percentage of body fat(p<0.01) and total body fat(p<0.05). As the result of above, it is needed to make more researches to find out the proper method to estimate the obesity of subjects and educate subjects in Mooan about nutritional information for obesity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation with gaeddongssuk (Artemisia annua L.) powder on blood biochemical compositions, meat lipids and fatty acid profiles of the broiler chicks. One hundred male broiler chicks were divided randomly into five groups: group fed with basal diet (Control); group supplemented with 2.5% antibiotics in the drink water (Antibiotics), and groups supplemented gaeddongssuk powder with 5% (BG-I), 6% (BG-II), and 7% (BG-III) in the basal diets. Levels of total lipid and LDL-C in serum of broiler chicks were significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in the BG-III. HDL-C level was significantly higher in BG-I and BG-II compared to the Antibiotics group. Antioxidant activity of serum in the BG-II was significantly higher than Control and Antibiotics groups. Lipid peroxide contents in the BG-I and BG-II were significantly lower than to the Antibiotics group. Total lipids level of breast and legs meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. Total cholesterol level of breast meat was significantly lower in the groups supplemented with gaeddongssuk compared to the Antibiotics group. UFA/SFA ratio of breast and legs meat from the BG-II was tend to higher compared to Control and Antibiotics groups. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary supplementation of gaeddongssuk with 6% could be applicable as the possibility to improve blood biochemical compositions and meat lipids properties in broiler chicks.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1984

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of medium chain triglyceride (MCT)diet on the serum lipids and lipoprotein of Sprague-Dawley rats when the were fed with cholesterol. All experiment-groups were fed with different diet such as soybean oil, shortening,MCT and MCT mixed with oil respectively. After fed to each group, the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein among fed rats were examined and the data from the experiment were compared with a control group. The results obtained from the study are as follows : (1) The average boby weight gain in MCT diet and soybean oil diet groups were lighter than that of the control group, while the food efficiency ratio in each experimental diet group was almost same as than in the control group. (2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group except the level in shortening diet group. Especially, the levels of total cholesterol in MCT diet and soybean oil diet groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. (3) VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental groups were almost same except the case of the MCT diet and soybean oil diet group which was significantly low. (4) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, so called, atherogenic index in serum of MCT and soybean oil diet groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. (5) The ratio of total cholesterol to phospholipids in serum of MCT diet group was decreased, because total cholesterol levels were decreased more than phospolipid levels. (6) The ratio of the serum VLDL, LDL to HDL in MCT diet group. in MCT and soybean oil mixed diet group, and in soybean diet group was decreased. In other wards, it means that the decrease of the serum VLDL, LDL in each group and the increase of the serum HDL.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters In serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP (IU/I), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) in serum (i.e.,20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters Attained near normal values (I.e.,22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of $CCl_4$ treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.513-524
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• 1993

mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effects of $\beta$-glucan remain unclear. Rats were divided into 3 groups ; normal control group, atherogenic group(oral administration of cholesterol 40 mg/kg/day plus vit. $D_2$ 320,000 IU/kg/day), $\beta$-glucan treatment group(atherogenic treatment plus $\beta$-glucan 0.135 g/kg/day). The $\beta$-glucan treatment group showed moderate increases of serum lipids concentration compared with atherogenic group. In histopathological examination, aortas showed no critical lesions. The total fecal neutral sterols and bile acids excreted for 6 days was increased compared with both normal and atherogenic group. To compare effects of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber extracted from barley on postprandial lipemia, 5 healthy male adults ingested on separate days a low-fiber(total dietary fiber 2.61g) control meal or dietary fiber-enriched(12.61g) meals. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for 6.5h and serum lipids were analyzed. The serum total lipids, total cholesterols, LDL & VLDL-cholesterol were markedly reduced with soluble fiber-enriched meals, but no decrease with insoluble fiber-enriched meals. These results suggest that mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of $\beta$-glucan on rats were due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. And the soluble dietary fiber($\beta$-glucan) has the hypocholesterolemic effect by dropping serum LDL & VLDL-cholesterol in the clinical study.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.89-92
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• 2001

The effect of topical application with 5,10 and 15 $\mu$g/ ml androstenedione and methyltesterone to the fifth stadium larvae of the si1kworm,B. mori on fat body glycogen, protein, tota1 lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and haemolymph trehalose and protein has been studied. The fat body glycogen increased significantly in all the treated groups except in the 15$\mu$g/ml androstenedione treated group. However the fat body glyco- gen increased significantly in 10 ${\mu}g$/ml methyltesterone treated group. The androstenedione treated groups showed increased haemolymph trehalose but the increase was not significant. However the haemolymph trehalose increased significantly in all the methyltestosterone treated groups. The fat body protein decreased in all the androstenedione and methyltesterone treated groups except 15 ${\mu}g$/ml methyltesterone where the decrease in fat body protein was significant. Whereas that of haemolymph protein significantly decreased in all the groups except in the group treated with 5 ${\mu}g$/ml androstenedione where the decrease was not significant. The total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids of the fat body decreased significantly in all the groups treated with androstenedione and methyltestosterone when compared with those of carrier control.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Taurine supplementation has been shown to have an effect on lowering blood lipids in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. It therefore seemed desirable to find out whether the beneficial effect of taurine on OVX rats fed calcium-deficient diet could also be reproduced. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. One group was OVX and the other group received a sham operation (Sham). Each rat group was further divided into the control diet and the taurine supplemented (2.0g/100g diet) diet group. All rats were fed on calcium-deficient diet and deionized water ad libitum for 6 weeks. Plasma and liver lipids were determined by using commercial kits. LDL-cholesterol concentrations were estimated with the equation of Friedewald et al. (1972). There were no significant differences in body weight gain and food intake between the control and taurine group within Sham and OVX groups, but body weight gain, food intake, and food efficiency ratio was higher in the OVX group. Concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol were significantly lower in the taurine fed group of OVX rats fed Ca deficient diet, while HDL-cholesterol concentration was increased in the taurine fed group. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether taurine also prevented hypercholesterolemia induced by ovarian hormone deficiency in ovariectomized rats when they were fed a calcium-deficient diet. These results indicate that taurine may have some beneficial effects on hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in OVX rats fed calcium-deficient diet.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1991

Frog legs were stored before and after 30, 60, 90, 120 days at $-30^{\circ}C$ and $-70^{\circ}C$. The amounts of triglycerides, glycolipide and phospholipids by TLC and composition of fatty acids by GC were shown in this experiment, there fore, I have got these following results. 1. The amount of PL in frog legs consisted of 80% of the total lipids before storage. As the days of storage was longer, the amount of TG was increased, while PL and GL were decreased. 2. TG and ES & HC were composed of 66% to 77% of the neutral lipids composition before storage. As the days of storage was longer, the amount of MG, DG. FFA and ES & HC were increased, while FS and TG were decreased. 3. PE and PC were composed of 78% to 81% of the phospholipids composition before storage. As the days of storage was longer, the amount of FA and PS were increased, while PC and PE were decreased. 4. The composition of fatty acids in neutral lipids of frozen frog legs at $-30^{\circ}C$, 120 days was studied, Capric acid. Stearic acid, Behnic acid. Oleic acid and Linoleic acid were increased as compared with initial neutral lipids.