• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.924-932
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• 2003

In middle-aged men, abdominal obesity has been an important risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD) as well as a predictor of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Particularly, risks from abdominal obesity increase when adipose tissue accumulates in visceral compartment. Many studies showed that weight reduction by caloric restriction improves abdominal obesity and reduces lots of cardiovascular risk factors. Testosterone treatment also results in a significant decrease in visceral fat area and normalizes endocrine metabolism. However there is no study that compare the effect of caloric restriction with that of testosterone treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of caloric restriction and that of testosterone treatment on body fat distribution, serum lipids and glucose metabolism in male patients with CAD. Forty five middle-aged overweight-obese men with CAD participated in 12 weeks' program. They were matched with age, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and divided into three groups : control group (n = 15) , caloric restriction group (-300 kcal/day, n = 15) and testosterone treatment group (testosterone undecanoate tablets, n = 15) . After 12 weeks, control group did not have any changes in anthropometries, lipid profile, body fat distribution, glucose metabolism and hormonal status. Expectedly, caloric restriction group showed decreases in body weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio, ％ body fat. Ten percentage of total cholesterol and 23% of triglyceride in serum were also decreased. In body fat distribution, total fat areas at both L1 and L4 levels were significantly reduced in this group without reduction in muscle of thigh and calf. However, testosterone treatment group did not have any significant changes in body weight, ％ body fat, serum lipid profile and abdominal fat distribution. In conclusion, weight reduction by caloric restriction is more beneficial in body fat distribution and serum lipid level than testosterone treatment in overweight male patients with CAD. This result suggests that modest weight reduction is possible to help decrease risk factors of CAD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1968

Total body fat measurements were performed in 342 housewives. In 44 of them(age 38.4 yr.) both the densitometry and skinfold thickness methods were made and regression equations between skinfold and total body fat were derived. In the 298 housewives(age 35.0 yr.) skinfold thickness at four sites (arm, back, waist, abdomen) were measured and total body fat was calculated. The following results were obtained. 1. The data in 44 subjects by means of densitometry and skinfold thickness were: body weight: 51.8 kg, body length: 153.4 cm, body surface area: $1.47\;m^2$, body volume: 50.2 l, body density: 1.0334 kg/l, total body fat: 25.2% body weight, mean skinfold thickness at four sites 14.9 mm. 2. There were correlations of high degree between skinfold thickness and fat (%), fat (kg), and body density. The correlation coefficients were r=0.767, r=0.846, r= -0.765, respectively. Subsequently, the following regression equations were obtained. %fat=$0.39{\times}Mean$ skinfold thickness(mm)+19.36 Fat(kg)=$0.414{\times}Mean$ skinfold thickness(mm)+7.01 Body density=$-0.00099{\times}Mean$ skinfold thickness(mm)+1.0489 3. In 298 subjects mean skinfold thickness of four sites was 20.6mm and total body fat was calculated as 27.4% body weight from the above equation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.575-579
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Astragali Radix on the diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Hyperlipedemia was induced in rats with high fat diet. Rats were divided into 4 groups, normal group(supplied enough water and feeds only), high fat diet administered group(supplied high fat diet for 4 weeks, Control group) and Astragali Radix administered group(supplied high fat diet and Astragali Radix lyophilization extract for 4 weeks, 178.6 mg/kg(rat) in sample A, 297.8 mg/kg(rat) in sample B). Body weight, liver weight and serum lipid levels were evaluated. The water extract of Astragali Radix decreased body weight, liver weight, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospolipid in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats, and increased HDL-cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in body fat distribution between normal and obese subjects and the relationship between risk factors(fasting blood sugar, blood pressure. fasting serum lipids) and obesity. Measurements of height. weight, skinfold thickness. body circumference. percent body fat. blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum lipids were made and a dietary survey was performed on 120(Males 61. Females 59) adult subjects. 1) Among the female subjects, the obese group appeared to have significantly higher centrality of body fat than the normal group. Obese groups of both sexes appeared with higher blood pressure than normal groups. No differences in daily average nutrient intake, fasting blood sugar and fasting serum lipids concentrations were observed between obese and normal groups. 2) In males. the serum triglyceride concentration was observed to have a significantly positive correlation to body weight, body mass index and body circumference, additionally concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed to have significantly positive correlations to the skinfold thickness. but the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was observed to be significantly negatively correlated to the skinfold thickness. 3) In females. the obese group consumed about 47% of total energy intake at lunch. whereas the normal group consumed about 29% . The food habit score of males appeared to be negatively related to body weight, percent ideal body weight. But the food habit score of females appeared to be negatively related to percent body fat(r=-0.32, p<0.05) .

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of aqueous extracts of Kyeongokgo (KOG), Kyeongokgo Dansambang (KDB), and Kyeongokgo Gamibang (KGB) on the hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet. The animals were divided into 4 groups of the hyperlipidemic control group, the KOG-fed group, the KDB-fed group and the KGB-fed group, and received oral administration of each prescription with diet for a period of six weeks. The changes in the body weight, the amount of food intake, the liver weight, the epididymal fat weight, and the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured. In all experimental groups, the weight of liver and epididymal fat decreased significantly. There was a significant decrease in the amount of food intake, the weight of liver and epididymal fat, the plasma level of total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in the KDB-fed and the KGB-fed groups. In addition, KGB-fed group represented a significant decrease in the triglyceride. These results suggest that the aqueous extracts of Kyeongokgo Dansambang and Kyeongokgo Gamibang have a good antihyperlipidemic activity and a potential to treat hyperlipidemia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2010

In this study, we compared corn gluten hydrolyzates, BCAAs, and leucine for their effects on body weight reduction in high fat-induced obese rats in order to determine the major active components in the corn gluten hydrolyzates. After obesity was induced for 13 weeks with high fat diet, the overweight-induced SD rats (n = 64) were stratified according to body weight, randomly blocked into eight treatments, and raised for 8 weeks. Four groups were changed to a normal diet and the other groups remained on the high fat diet. Each of the groups within both diets was fed either casein, corn gluten hydrolyzates, leucine, or branched chain amino acids, respectively. Daily food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the corn gluten hydrolyzate groups compared to the other groups, regardless of the high fat diet or normal fat diet. The rats fed the corn gluten hydrolyzates diet had the lowest perirenal fat pad weights whereas muscle weight was significantly increased in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Plasma triglyceride, hepatic total lipid, and total cholesterol contents were significantly reduced in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Other lipid profile measurements were not significantly changed. Plasma triglyceride and hepatic total lipid were also significantly reduced in the BCAA and leucine groups. Leptin levels were significantly lower and adiponectin was significantly higher in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR levels were also significantly reduced in the corn gluten hydrozylates groups, regardless of fat level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1989

The research was designed to study the effect of different fat sources and levels on Body lipid metabolizm and immune responses in Sprague-Dawely strain male rats. These effect of different fat sources compared with sesame Oil, Perilla oil and Beet tallow. Fat sources were divided into 3 groups respectively 7%, 15%, 30% fat level on diet weight basis. The experimental period was 54days. 1) The body weight gain was significantly low in NF group. In Sesame oil group and perilla oil group, low fat level groups were higher than medium, high fat level groups. But in Beef tallow group, high fat level groups were higher than low and Medium groups. 2) The weight of liver, kidney and epididymal fat ped tend to increse with increasing body weight. 3) The contents of triglyceride and total lipid in serum were significantly different with dietary fat sources and Perilla oil group was the lowest. 4) The contents of triglyceride and total lipid in liver were significantly different with dietary fat levels and high fat level group was higher than low fat level group. 5) Perilla oil group, compared with Beef tallow group, showed the higher excretion of cholesterol through feces and the higher deposit of cholesterol in liver. Therefore serum cholesterol level of Perilla oil group was lower than that of Beef tallow group. But eventhough Sesame oil is vegetable oil, Sesame oil did not showed an effect like Perllia oil on serum cholesterol level. 6) Weight of thymus decreased with fat levels particularly in vegetale oil. And it had on effect on mitogen response, mitogen response decreased with fat level in vegetable oil. But in Beef tallow, there was no difference in fat level.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2002

Objective: Ramulus mori (RM) has been known to be effective for the treatment of obesity. To show the effectiveness of RM in a more scientific way, RM extract was prepared and evaluated in high fat diet rats by measuring the changes of body weight and lipid metabolism as described briefly below. Methods: 200 g of crushed RM was extracted withmethyl alcohol. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 33.4 g. For 10 weeks, control group rats were fed a high fat diet, while the test group rats were fed with the same diet plus RM extract. The normal group was fed with a normal diet. 150 mg of RM extract per 1 kg of body weight was added to the diet in the test group rats. Results: The control group rats on the high fat diet gained weight significantly, whereas the test group rats on the high fat diet plus RM extract gamed less weight. The significant increase of liver weight caused by the high fat diet was also inhibited by the RM extract treatment. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of serum in the high fat diet rats were remarkably increased, whereastheir levels on the high fat diet plus RM extract were less increased. While serum HDL-cholesterol levels were remarkably decreased in the high fat diet, its level was less decreased in the high fat diet plus RM extract. Furthermore, we observed that the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase increased under the high fat diet, while their activities under the high fat diet plus RM extract were getting back nearly to the normal levels of the normal diet rats. Conclusions: These result show that the obesity caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited by an RM extract. Our results also showed that the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by a high fat diet was effectively cured by adding RM extract.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2016

Objectives To investigate anti-obesity effects of Galgeun-tang, an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods 24 Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (NOR, n=6), high fat diet control group treated with water (HFD, n=6), high fat diet group treated with Orlistat (ORL, n=6, Orlistat 10 mg/kg), and high fat diet group treated with Galgeun-tang (GGT, n=6, Galgeun-tang 700 mg/kg). 12 weeks later, body weight, fat weight, liver weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, ALT, AST, obesity related neuropeptides and adipokines, ratio of gut microbiota, and histopathology of liver were evaluated. Results In the GGT group, 1. body weight gain, liver weight gain, and total fat weight gain were significantly less than those in the HFD group. 2. blood glucose level was significantly lower and insulin level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 3. total cholesterol level and triglyceride (TG) level were significantly lower and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 4. appetite-promoting ARC neuropeptides such as Agrp and Npy were significantly less and appetite-inhibiting ARC neuropeptide, Cart was significantly more than in the HFD group in qRT-PCR analysis. 5. adiponectin level and visfatin level were significantly higher, and resistin level and leptin level was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 6. the relative level of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher, and the relative level of Firmicutes was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 7. the increase of adipose tissue was significantly more inhibited than in the HFD group. Conclusions The present study showed that Glageun-tang exerts anti-obesity effects in that it. 1. inhibited the increase in body weight, liver weight, and total fat weight. 2. decreased the level of TG, and increased the level of HDL. 3. influenced neuropeptides and adipokines that are important in regulating food intake and changes of body weight. 4. modified the beneficial quantitative changes in gut microbiota suppressing the tendency toward obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wax gourd on weight, triglyceride, leptin and fat cell size in rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed an experimental diet containing total dietary fat at 40% of calories with wax gourd 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% (w/w) for 4 weeks. Weight gain and triglyceride level fell significantly in the 15% wax gourd group compared to the control group. Epididymal fat pad, abdominal fat and perirenal fat tended to decrease in the 15% wax gourd group. Leptin and free fatty acid level were not significantly different among the groups. Fat cell size significantly decreased in the 10% and 15% wax gourd groups compared to the control group. Weight gain correlated positively with visceral fat masses and the levels of leptin and triglyceride. Fat cell size significantly correlated with visceral fat and leptin level. Therefore, the 15% wax gourd diet substantially reduced weight, triglyceride and fat cell size. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 446∼451, 2003)