Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of corn gluten hydrolyzates, branched chain amino acids, and leucine on body weight reduction in obese rats induced by a high fat diet

  • Bong, Ha-Yoon (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Woman's University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Yeon (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Woman's University) ;
  • Jeong, Hye-In (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Woman's University) ;
  • Moon, Min-Sun (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Woman's University) ;
  • Kim, Joo-Hee (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Woman's University) ;
  • Kwon, O-Ran (Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Woman's University)
  • Received : 2010.02.12
  • Accepted : 2010.04.02
  • Published : 2010.04.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we compared corn gluten hydrolyzates, BCAAs, and leucine for their effects on body weight reduction in high fat-induced obese rats in order to determine the major active components in the corn gluten hydrolyzates. After obesity was induced for 13 weeks with high fat diet, the overweight-induced SD rats (n = 64) were stratified according to body weight, randomly blocked into eight treatments, and raised for 8 weeks. Four groups were changed to a normal diet and the other groups remained on the high fat diet. Each of the groups within both diets was fed either casein, corn gluten hydrolyzates, leucine, or branched chain amino acids, respectively. Daily food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the corn gluten hydrolyzate groups compared to the other groups, regardless of the high fat diet or normal fat diet. The rats fed the corn gluten hydrolyzates diet had the lowest perirenal fat pad weights whereas muscle weight was significantly increased in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Plasma triglyceride, hepatic total lipid, and total cholesterol contents were significantly reduced in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Other lipid profile measurements were not significantly changed. Plasma triglyceride and hepatic total lipid were also significantly reduced in the BCAA and leucine groups. Leptin levels were significantly lower and adiponectin was significantly higher in the corn gluten hydrolyzates groups. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and HOMA-IR levels were also significantly reduced in the corn gluten hydrozylates groups, regardless of fat level.

Keywords

References

  1. Aoyama T, Fukui K, Nakamori T, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto T, Takamatsu K, Sugano M. Effect of soy and milk whey protein isolates and their hydrolysates on weight reduction in genetically obese mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000;64:2594-600. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.2594
  2. Frank BH. Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:242S-247S.
  3. Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs & Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. 2007 Korea national health and nutrition examination surveys [cited 2009 March 06]. Available from: http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr.
  4. Lu XX, Chen XH, Tang JZ. Studies on the functional property of enzymatic modified corn protein. Food Science 2000;21:13-5.
  5. Miyoshi S, Ishikawa H, Kaneko T, Fukui F, Tanaka H, Maruyama S. Structures and activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in an $\alpha$-zein hydrolysate. Agric Biol Chem 1990;55: 1313-8.
  6. Suh HJ, Whang JH, Suh DB, Bae SH, Noh DO. Preparation of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory from corn gluten. Process Biochem 2003;39:1239-44.
  7. Yamaguchi M, Nishikiori F, Ito M, Furukawa Y. Effect of corn peptide on alcohol metabolism and plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy men. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50:682-8.
  8. Yamaguchi M, Takada M, Nozaki O, Ito M, Furukawa Y. Preparation of corn peptide from corn gluten meal and its administration effect on alcohol metabolism in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1996; 42:219-31. https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.42.219
  9. Yang Y, Tao G, Liu P, Liu J. Peptide with angiotensin I - converting enzyme inhibitory activity from hydrolyzed corn gluten meal. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:7891-5. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0705670
  10. Zheng XQ, Li LT, Liu XL, Wang XJ, Lin J, Li D. Production of hydrolysate with antioxidative activity by enzymatic hydrolysis of extruded corn gluten. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006;73: 763-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0537-9
  11. Kim J, Park J, Hong S, Kim MK. Effect of corn gluten and its hydrolysate consumptions on weight reduction in rats fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2009;3:200-7. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2009.3.3.200
  12. Layman DK. The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis. J Nutr 2003;133:261S-267S.
  13. Layman DK, Walker DA. Potential importance of leucine in treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2006;136:319S-323S.
  14. Cota D, Proulx K, Blake Smith KA, Kozma SC, Thomas G. Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake. Science 2006;312:927-30. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1124147
  15. Nutrition Research Council. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 4th Edition. Washington DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
  16. Reeves PG, Nielsen FH, Fahey GC. AIN-93 purified diets Nutrition Ad Hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr 1993;123:1939-51.
  17. Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Rushing PA, D'Alessio D, Tso P. A controlled high-fat diet induces on obese syndrome in rats. J Nutr 2003;133:1081-7.
  18. Frings CS & Dunn RT. A colorimetric method for determination of total serum lipid based on the sulfuric-phosphovanillin reaction. Am J Clin Nutr 1970;53:89-90.
  19. Bligh EG & Dyer WJ. A rapid method of total lipids extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 1959;37:911-7. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
  20. Aoyama T, Fukui K, Takamatsu K, Hashimoto Y, Yamamoto T. Soy protein isolate and its hydrolysate reduce body fat of dietary obese rats and genetically obese mice (yellow KK). Nutrition 2000;16:349-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-9007(00)00230-6
  21. Gutierrez MA, Mitsuya T, Hatta H, Koketsu M, Kobayashi R, Juneja LR, Kim M. Comparision of egg-yolk protein hydrolystate and soybean protein hydrolysate in terms of nitrogen utilization. Br J Nutr 1998;80:477-84.
  22. Hwang EH, Kang BG, Kim BR, Lee HJ. Protein quality evaluation and effect of plasma lipid contents of acid hydrolysates of cocoon in rats fed by high cholesterol, high triglyceride and high sucrose diet. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2001;30:1004-9.
  23. Lee HM, Chang UJ. Effect of corn peptide on the lipid metabolism in rats. The Korean Journal of Dietary Culture 2001;16:416-22.
  24. Garlick PJ. The role of leucine in the regulation of protein metabolism. J Nutr 2005; 135:1553S-1556S.
  25. Park HJ, Lee EJ, Kim J, Kim JY, Kwon O, Kim MK. Effect of leucine intake on body weight reduction in rats fed high fat diet. The Korean Journal of Nutrition 2009;42:714-22. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.8.714
  26. Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Chou S, Mantzoros CS. Narrative review: the role of leptin in human physiology: emerging clinical applications. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:93-100. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00008
  27. Scarpace PJ, Zhang Y. Leptin resistance: a predisposing factor for diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009;296:R493-500.
  28. Ziemke F, Mantzoros CS. Adiponectin in insulin resistance: lessons from translational research. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:258S-261S. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28449C
  29. Dyck DJ. Adipokines as regulators of muscle metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009;34:396-402. https://doi.org/10.1139/H09-037

Cited by

  1. Lower Weight Gain and Hepatic Lipid Content in Hamsters Fed High Fat Diets Supplemented with White Rice Protein, Brown Rice Protein, Soy Protein, and their Hydrolysates vol.59, pp.20, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf202721z
  2. Relationship between Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and the Risks of Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women vol.45, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2012.45.1.20
  3. Impact of leucine on energy balance vol.69, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-012-0170-2
  4. Food-Originating ACE Inhibitors, Including Antihypertensive Peptides, as Preventive Food Components in Blood Pressure Reduction vol.13, pp.2, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12051
  5. Corn Gluten Hydrolysate Affects the Time-Course of Metabolic Changes Through Appetite Control in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats vol.38, pp.12, 2015, https://doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2015.0107
  6. Reviewing the Effects of l-Leucine Supplementation in the Regulation of Food Intake, Energy Balance, and Glucose Homeostasis vol.7, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7053914
  7. Animal models of obesity in rodents. An integrative review vol.31, pp.12, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020160120000010
  8. Plant Proteins Differently Affect Body Fat Reduction in High-fat Fed Rats vol.17, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2012.17.3.223
  9. Isolation and Characterisation of in Vitro and Cellular Free Radical Scavenging Peptides from Corn Peptide Fractions vol.20, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20023221
  10. Intragastric administration of leucine or isoleucine lowers the blood glucose response to a mixed-nutrient drink by different mechanisms in healthy, lean volunteers vol.104, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140640
  11. Does l-leucine supplementation cause any effect on glucose homeostasis in rodent models of glucose intolerance? A systematic review pp.1438-2199, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-2658-8
  12. Pepsin Egg White Hydrolysate Improves Glucose Metabolism Complications Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Zucker Fatty Rats vol.10, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040441
  13. Role of branched‐chain amino acid-catabolizing enzymes in intertissue signaling, metabolic remodeling, and energy homeostasis vol.33, pp.8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201802842rr
  14. Leucine-activated nanohybrid biofilm for skin regeneration via improving cell affinity and neovascularization capacity vol.8, pp.35, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tb00958j
  15. Excessive BCAA regulates fat metabolism partially through the modification of m 6 A RNA methylation in weanling piglets vol.17, pp.1, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-019-0424-x
  16. Use of the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay to determine standardized amino acid digestibility, true metabolizable energy content, and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of plant-based vol.5, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab025