• Title/Summary/Keyword: total digestible nutrient

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Additivity of digestible energy and nutrient concentrations in hatchery byproducts fed to nursery pigs

  • Sung, Jung Yeol;Ji, Sang Yun;Kim, Beob Gyun
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.453-460
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    • 2022
  • Objective: The objective was to test additivity of digestible energy and nutrient concentrations in the hatchery byproduct mixture fed to nursery pigs. Methods: In the previous studies, energy, phosphorus, calcium, and amino acid digestibility of infertile eggs, unhatched eggs, culled chicks, and a mixture of 3 hatchery byproduct ingredients was determined in nursery pigs (initial body weight = 9.4 to 14.2 kg). An additivity test was conducted using these determined values. Results: No difference was observed between determined and predicted metabolizable energy values in the mixture (3,998 and 3,990 kcal/kg as-is basis, respectively). Measured standardized total tract digestible phosphorus in the mixture was less than the predicted value (4.5 vs 5.3 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05). Measured standardized total tract digestible calcium in the mixture was greater compared with the predicted value (40.0 vs 31.7 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05). Measured standardized ileal digestible tryptophan in the mixture was greater than the predicted value (3.7 vs 3.1 g/kg as-is basis, respectively; p<0.05) whereas other amino acid values were additive. Conclusion: Energy and most of amino acid concentrations in hatchery byproducts are additive in the mixture fed to nursery pigs.

Effects of Feeding Levels Above Maintenance Energy on Nutrients Digestibility and Energy Value in Hanwoo Steers (유지에너지 이상의 사료공급이 거세 한우의 영양소 소화율 및 에너지가에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryu, Chae-Hwa;Lee, Sung-Dae;Lee, Seul;Baek, Youl-Chang
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.461-468
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    • 2023
  • Supplying an appropriate amount of feed is an economical and environmentally friendly by increasing the nutrient digestibility of livestock and reducing nutrients released from overfeeding. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the nutrient digestibility according to dietary feeding levels of Hanwoo steers. Three treatments in feeding trial were used feeding amount based on the maintenance energy level of the Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo (2022): 100% (control, CON), 140% (treatment 1, TRT1), and 190% (treatment 2, TRT2). The experiment was designed in replicate 3×3 balanced Latin square designs using six Hanwoo steers. In this study, energy value was predicted according to treatment groups. In addition, nutrient digestibility and energy value were measured through a feeding trial to Hanwoo steers. All energy values, including total digestible nutrients and digestible energy, were predicted to decrease linearly with increasing feeding levels. TRT2 showed lower digestibility than CON for dry matter, crude protein, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients in the feeding trial (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between CON and TRT1. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestibility of feed are set based on the maintenance energy. However nutrient digestibility and TDN decreased when feeding level increased by more than 190% compared to maintenance energy in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the TDN by considering the feeding level when mixing the feed.

Effects of Cellulase Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility, Energy Utilization and Methane Emission by Boer Crossbred Goats

  • Wang, Lizhi;Xue, Bai
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.204-210
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    • 2016
  • This study examined the effect of supplementing exogenous cellulase on nutrient and energy utilization. Twelve desexed Boer crossbred goats were used in a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with 23-d periods. Dietary treatments were basal diet (control, no cellulase), basal diet plus 2 g unitary cellulase/kg of total mixed ration dry matter (DM), and basal diet plus 2 g compound cellulase/kg of total mixed ration DM. Three stages of feeding trials were used corresponding to the three treatments, each comprised 23 d, with the first 14 d as the preliminary period and the following 9 d as formal trial period for metabolism trial. Total collection of feces and urine were conducted from the 4th d of the formal trial, and gas exchange measures were determined in indirect respiratory chambers in the last 3 d of the formal trial. Results showed that cellulase addition had no effect (p>0.05) on nutrient digestibility. Dietary supplementation of cellulase did not affect (p>0.05) N intake and retention in goats. Gross energy (GE) intake, fecal energy and urinary energy excretion, heat production were not affected (p>0.05) by the cellulase supplementation. Total methane emission (g/d), $CH_4$ emission as a proportion of live weight or feed intake (DM, organic matter [OM], digestible DM or digestible OM), or $CH_4$ energy output ($CH_4$-E) as a proportion of energy intake (GE, digestible energy, or metabolizable energy), were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. There was a significant (p<0.001) relationship between $CH_4$ and live weight (y = 0.645x+0.2, $R^2$ = 0.54), $CH_4$ and DM intake (y = 16.7x+1.4, $R^2$ = 0.51), $CH_4$ and OM intake (y = 18.8x+1.3, $R^2$ = 0.51) and $CH_4$-E and GE intake. Results from this study revealed that dietary supplementation of cellulase may have no effect on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, energy metabolism, and methane emission in goat.

Effect of Niacin Supplementation on Growth, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Biochemical Profile in Male Buffalo Calves

  • Kumar, Ravindra;Dass, R.S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.1422-1428
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    • 2006
  • In order to investigate the effect of different levels of niacin supplementation on growth, nutrient utilization, their balance and blood biochemical profile, 15 male buffalo calves (9-10 months of age, $88.4{\pm}4.37kg$ average body weight) were divided into 3 equal groups each of 5 calves, following a completely randomized design, and fed individually for 120 days with wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements. In addition calves were supplemented with 0 ppm (control, group I), 100 ppm (group II) and 200 ppm (group III) niacin. After 90 days of experimental feeding a metabolism trial was conducted to estimate the digestibility of nutrients and their balance. Fortnightly body weights were recorded to assess their growth rate and blood was collected from the jugular vein at day 0 and subsequently at 30-day intervals from all the experimental buffalo calves to study blood biochemical parameters. Results showed that intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicelluloses were statistically similar in the 3 groups. Buffalo calves in all three groups were in positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance, without showing any significant effect of the treatments. Dry matter, crude protein, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient intake ($g/d/kgW^{0.75}$) were similar in the control and niacin supplemented groups. Digestible crude protein (%) and total digestible nutrients (%) in the ration of the 3 groups were 8.07, 7.99, 7.92 and 56.70, 56.63, 56.74, respectively, and were comparable among the groups. The average daily gain (g) in-group II (567.50) was not significantly (p>0.05) higher than group I (500.0) and group III (510.0). Blood biochemical constituents (glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N, insulin) showed no significant effect of niacin supplementation. However, serum cholesterol (mg/100 ml) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in the 200 ppm niacin-supplemented group than in the control and 100 ppm niacin-supplemented groups. It can be concluded that supplementation of niacin at 100 and 200 ppm in the diet of buffalo calves had no significant beneficial effect on their growth and nutrient utilization.

Characterization of physiochemical and nutrient profiles in canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing: impacted by source origin

  • Alessandra M. R. C. B. de Oliveira;Peiqiang Yu
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.36 no.7
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    • pp.1044-1058
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    • 2023
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize physiochemical and nutrient profiles of feedstock and co-products from canola bio-oil processing that were impacted by source origin. The feedstocks and co-products (mash, pellet) were randomly collected from five different bio-oil processing plants with five different batches of samples in each bio-processing plant in Canada (CA) and China (CH). Methods: The detailed chemical composition, energy profile, total digestible nutrient (TDN), protein and carbohydrate subfractions, and their degradation and digestion (CNCPS6.5) were determined. Results: The results showed that TDN1x was similar in meals between CA and CH. CH meals and feedstock had higher, truly digestible crude protein (tdCP) and neutral detergent fiber (tdNDF) than CA while CA had higher truly digestible non-fiber carbohydrate (tdNFC). The metabolizable energy (ME3x), net energy (NELp3x, NEm3x, and NEg3x) were similar in meals between CA and CH. No differences were observed in energy profile of seeds between CA and CH. The protein and carbohydrate subfractions of seeds within CH were similar. The results also showed that pelleting of meals affected protein sub-fractionation of CA meals, except rapidly degradable fractions (PB1), rumen degradable (RDPB1) and undegrdable PB1 (RUPB1), and intestinal digestible PB1 (DIGPB1). Canola meals were different in the soluble (PA2) and slowly degradable fractions (PB2) between CA and CH. The carbohydrate fractions of intermediately degradable fraction (CB2), slowly degradable fraction (CB3), and undegradable fraction (CC) were different among CH meals. CH presented higher soluble carbohydrate (CA4) and lower CB2, and CC than CA meals. Conclusion: The results indicated that although the seeds were similar within and between CA and CH, either oil-extraction process or meal pelleting seemed to have generated significantly different aspects in physiochemical and nutrient profiles in the meals. Nutritionists and producers need to regularly check nutritional value of meal mash and pellets for precision feeding.

Evaluation of feed value of a by-product of pickled radish for ruminants: analyses of nutrient composition, storage stability, and in vitro ruminal fermentation

  • Jeon, Seoyoung;Sohn, Keun-Nam;Seo, Seongwon
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.58 no.9
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    • pp.34.1-34.9
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    • 2016
  • Background: By-products of pickled radish (BPR) are considered food waste. Approximately 300 g/kg of the total mass of raw materials becomes BPR. Production of pickled radish has grown continuously and is presently about 40,000 metric tons annually in Korea. The objective of the present study was thus to explore the possibility of using BPR as a ruminant feed ingredient. Results: BPR contained a large amount of moisture (more than 800 g/kg) and ash, and comprised mostly sodium (103 g/kg DM) and chloride (142 g/kg DM). On a dry matter basis, the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) levels in BPR were 75 g/kg and 7 g/kg, respectively. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) level was 527 g/kg and the major portion of digestible nutrients was carbohydrate; 88 % organic matter (OM) was carbohydrate and 65 % of total carbohydrate was soluble or degradable fiber. The coefficient of variation (CV) of nutrient contents among production batches ranged from 4.65 to 33.83 %. The smallest CV was observed in OM, and the largest, in EE. The variation in CP content was relatively small (10.11 %). The storage stability test revealed that storage of BPR at $20^{\circ}C$ (room temperature) might not cause spoilage for 4 d, and possibly longer. If BPR is refrigerated, spoilage can be deferred for 21 d and longer. The in vitro ruminal fermentation study showed that substitution of annual ryegrass straw with BPR improved ruminal fermentation, as evidenced by an increase in VFA concentration, DM degradability, and total gas production. Conclusion: The major portion of nutrients in BPR is soluble or degradable fiber that can be easily fermented in the rumen without adverse effects, to provide energy to ruminant animals. Although its high sodium chloride content needs to be considered when formulating a ration, BPR can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in a ruminant diet, particularly if it is one component of a total mixed ration.

Nutrient Utilization of Broiler Litter and Bakery By-product Ration in Sheep (육계분-제과부산물 발효 완전혼합사료(TMR)의 면양 체내에서의 영양소 이용성 평가)

  • Kwak, W.S.;Yoon, J.S.;Jung, K.K.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.607-616
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding a total mixed ration(TMR) of broiler litter(BL) and bakery by-product(BB) with additional BL or rice straw incorporated at 10% of dietary DM as a roughage source on behavior pattern, nutrient intake, digestibility, digestible nutrient intake, ruminal and blood parameters, and N balance of sheep. All the treatment diets were formulated to be isoenergetic[total digestible nutrients(TDN) 66.9%]. Compared with the conventional formulated feed - rice straw feeding system(control), feeding TMR with BL(T1) or rice straw(T2) at 10% of dietary DM resulted in reduced eating, ruminating and total chewing time(P<0.05), similar DM intake, low(P<0.05) digestible DM, OM, fiber and total nutrients intake, low(P<0.05) nutrients digestibilities except EE, similar ruminal characteristics(pH, VFA concentrations and ratios, efficiency of carbohydrate fermentation, NH3-N), and favorable N digestion and retention. There were no differences in the above parameters between T1 and T2 with the exception of increased(P<0.05) eating, ruminating and total chewing time for T2. These results suggested that a TMR of BL and BB with or without rice straw may replace the conventional formulated feed and rice straw in ruminant diets successfully and furthermore feeding the TMR with rice straw made sheep behavior pattern more favorable.

Selection of Promising Barley Cultivar for Silage 2. Nutrient value and total digestible nutrient yield (사일리지용 우량 보리품종 선발 2. 사료가치 및 TDN 수량)

  • Kim, W.H.;Seo, S.;Yoon, S.H.;Kim, K.Y.;Cho, Y.M.;Park, T.I.;Koh, J.M.;Park, G.J.
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.283-288
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to a comparison of nutrient value and total digestible nutrient yield f3r select the promising barley cultivar for whole crop silage in paddy field of Suwon from 1998 to 2001. In milk stage, acid deferent fiber(ADF) content of barley were 27.3 ∼ 29.1, 27.4 ∼ 30.4 at yellow ripe stage. Neutral deferent fiber(NDF) content of milk and yellow ripe stage were 50.6 ∼ 55.9 and 53.1 ∼ 00.0. Also, total digestible nutrient(TDN) content of milk and yellow ripe stage we.e 65.4 ∼ 67.4 and 64.3 ∼ 67.7. And TDN yield at milk and yellow ripe stage were 4,120 ∼ 5,528 and 5,674 ∼ 6,569 MT per ha and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) at milk and yellow ripe stage were 65.8 ∼ 74.6 and 64.6 ∼ 73.9. The for promising barley cultivars for whole crop silage in paddy field were Albori at Suwon. it was best before yellow ripe stage for harvest in cropping system.

Nutrient digestibility in black soldier fly larva was greater than in adults for pigs and could be estimated using fiber

  • Jongkeon Kim;Kwanho Park;Sang Yun Ji;Beob Gyun Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.65 no.5
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    • pp.1002-1013
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    • 2023
  • The objectives of the present study were to determine the nutrient digestibility of fish meal, defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), and adult flies and to develop equations for estimating in vitro nutrient digestibility of BSFL for pigs. In vitro digestion procedures were employed to mimic the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the pig intestine. Correlation coefficients between chemical composition and in vitro nutrient digestibility of BSFL were calculated. In Exp. 1, in vitro ileal digestibility (IVID) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in vitro total tract digestibility (IVTTD) of DM and organic matter in defatted BSFL meal were less (p < 0.05) than those in fish meal but were greater (p < 0.05) than those in adult flies. In Exp. 2, CP concentrations in BSFL were negatively correlated with ether extract (r = -0.91) concentration but positively correlated with acid detergent fiber (ADF; r = 0.98) and chitin (r = 0.95) concentrations. ADF and chitin concentrations in BSFL were negatively correlated with IVID of DM (r = -0.98 and -0.88) and IVTTD of DM (r = -1.00 and -0.94) and organic matter (r = -0.99 and -0.98). Prediction equations for in vitro nutrient digestibility of BSFL were developed: IVID of CP (%) = -0.95 × ADF (% DM) + 95 (r2 = 0.75 and p = 0.058) and IVTTD of DM (%) = -2.09 × ADF + 113 (r2 = 0.99 and p < 0.001). The present in vitro experiments suggest that defatted BSFL meal was less digestible than fish meal but was more digestible than adult flies, and nutrient digestibility of BSFL can be predicted using ADF as an independent variable.

Comparison between predicted total digestible nutrients and actual total digestible nutrients using nutrient digestibility of rice straw and timothy in ruminants

  • Ryu, Chae Hwa;Lee, Seul;Kim, Byeonghyeon;Ji, Sang Yun;Jung, Hyunjung;Lee, Hyun-Jeong;Song, Jae-Yong;Baek, Youl Chang
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.333-342
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    • 2021
  • This study attempted to compare total digestible nutrients (TDN) calculated as Rohweder, NRC, and Waldo and Peiqiang methods and TDN measured as digestibility of in vivo appearance. Rohweder method showed that the TDN of rice straw and timothy were 54.32% and 57.79%, respectively. In NRC method, the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and TDN of rice straw were 50.76% and 53.15%, respectively. When NRC method was applied in Timothy, the digestibility of NDF and TDN were 51.53% and 55.22%, respectively. Waldo and Peiqiang method calculated the results through the rumen in situ test. NDF digestibility of rice straw and timothy was 44.61% and 51.82%, which was different from the results of NRC method. In addition, TDN was predicted to be 48.85% for rice straw and 55.41% for timothy. In the in vivo apparent digestibility experiment, the digestibility of NDF and TDN in rice straw was 41.10% and 44.79%, respectively. In timothy, the digestibility of NDF and TDN were measured as 51.29% and 58.18%, respectively. As a result of a series of studies, rice straw was found in Rohweder and NRC methods showed higher TDN than other methods. In this study, there was a difference in rice straw by measurement method, but there was no difference in timothy. Therefore, when evaluating the value of feed in order to provide roughage to ruminant, calculation methods must be modified and supplemented. In addition, TDN should be considered to apply several evaluation methods instead of one method.