• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.563-568
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• 2007

This study was planned to investigate the role of Berberis lycium in reducing serum cholesterol in broilers. Six experimental rations designated as A, B, C, D, E and F having 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% Berberis lycium were fed to 240 broiler chicks, randomly distributed into 24 replicates, so as to have 4 replicates per group and 10 chicks per replicate. The experiment lasted for 35 days. Average serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were used as criteria of response. Average total serum cholesterol per chick was 129.33, 120.50, 116.50, 113.00, 101.67 and 114.00 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Total serum cholesterol showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). Mean serum triglyceride level per chick was 60.00, 58.17, 58.00, 55.33, 50.17 and 48.50 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. Mean serum triglyceride showed decreasing trend with the increasing level of Berberis lycium (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride was significantly lower in group F than other groups. Mean HDL per chick for the six experimental groups A, B, C, D, E and F was 52.08, 53.42, 60.42, 62.25, 62.92 and 54.50 mg/dl respectively. HDL showed increasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2%. The average serum LDL per chick was 65.25, 55.45, 44.48, 39.68, 28.72 and 49.80 mg/dl for group A, B, C, D, E and F respectively. LDL also showed decreasing trend with the increase in the level of Berberis lycium unto 2% (p<0.05). It was concluded that Berberis lycium added to feed at the rate of 2.0% can be used in broiler feed for reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL and increasing HDL.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effets of chitosan and beef tallow at different level on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats. Dietary fot level was 20% and 40%, and chitosan was given at levels of 0%, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. Chitosan supplement tended to decrease the serum total lipids, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol : total cholesterol ratio tended to increase with 5% chitosan supplementation. LDL cholesterol and VLDL triglyceride tended to decrease with chitosan supplementation. Lipid concentration of liver and epididymal fat pad(EEP) tended to decrease with medium dietary fat and chitosan treatment. fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride exhibited a tendency to increase with high fat levels and chitosan. Length of small intestine and gastrointestinal transit time were not affected by dietary fit levels or chitosan supplements. Therefore, it could be suggested that chitosan supplement had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) : 1112-1120, 1998)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.872-877
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• 2002

The hypolipidemic effect of the exe-biopolymer (EXBP) and endo-biopolymer (ENBP) produced from a submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma lucidum was investigated in dietary-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Hypolipidemic effects were achieved in both the EXBP- and ENBP-treated groups, however, the former proved to be more potent than the latter. The administration of the EXBP (100 mg/kg body weight) substantially reduced the plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid levels, and atherogenic index by 31.0, 39.0, 35.4, 28.1, and 53.5%, respectively, when compared to the control group. The EXBP also lowered the liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels by 22.4, 23.1, and 12.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol were significantly increased by as much as 24.2% and 47.6%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.468-474
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• 1997

The chemical composition and hypocholoesterolaemic effect of Nostoc commune were studied. Proximate analysis data, composition of dietary fiber and oxalic acid-ammonium oxalate soluble substance of Nostoc commune were presented. Thirty rats were fed with the one of the following diet for three weeks: The control diet contained 0.75% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate and 5% cellulose powder, CF was cholesterol free, PNC, ONC and RNC diet contained 7.2% powder, 2.2% extracts and 5% residue of Nostoc commune respectively. The lipid components of serum were assayed. The concentration of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in PNC, ONC than the control. The concentration of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in PNC, ONC than the control. The concentration of HDL-choloesterol was significantly higher in PNC than the control. The concentration of LDL, VLDL and chylomicron were comparatively lower in CF and PNC. The concentration of seum triglyceride and phospholipid was lower in PNC group than in the other group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.537-551
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• 1994

The dietry effects of marine n-3, plant n-3 and plant n-6 fatty acid on serum lipids levels, liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in rat were investigated. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 weeks old, were fed on one of 4 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 15% fat(w/w) of either concentrated EPA oil(20:5, n-3 : 65%), fish oil(20:5, n-3 : 19%, 22:6, n-3 : 18%), perilla oil(18:3, n-3 : 60%) or corn oil(18:2, n-6 : 49%). Blood was initially taken before experimental feeding and also taken after 2 weeks and 4 weeks feeding the diet respectively and then examined for the levels of serum lipids. Rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the diet for the analysis of liver phospholipid fatty acid. EPA feeding remarkably decreased the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid than any other oil feeding. Fish oil feeding decreased serum HDL-cholesterol level comparable to the effect of EPA feeding and decreased total cholesterol and phospholipid less than but close to the effect of EPA feeding. Perilla oil feeding did not change serum levels of triglyceride and phospholipid, but it decreased serum total cholesterol a lot and HDL-cholesterol a little. Corn oil feeding did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol while it increased serum level of HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased only in corn oil group. But contrary to the result of serum total phospholipid, liver phospholipid level found to be higher in fish oil and EPA groups than in perilla oil and corn groups. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) turned out to be affected by dietary fatty acid. 18:2 of liver PC was the lowest in FO group following CO group. The ratio of 20:4/18:2 was lower in PO group than in EPA group in consequence of higher 18:2 and lower 20:4 in PO group and vise versa in EPA group. In the liver PC and PE, similar trends in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and 20:4/18 were found showing higher ratios with CO and EPA group over FO and PO group. EPA group showed the lowest level of 20:5 and lower level of 20:6 than group. Fish oil was more efficient than EPA oil and PO in lowering the ratio of n-6/n-3 in consequence of the highest 22:6, and the lowest 18:2 in liver phospholipid. But PO lowers the ratio or 20:4/18 more than FO. In conclusion, EPA oil was more effective in lowering serum lipids than FO and PO. Reviewing the dietary effect of fatty acid on eicosanoids composition in rats, it is considered that more possibility was with FO than PO in the effectiveness of atherosclerosis prevention and more with PO than with EPA oil. It was also found that FO showed more effective than EPA oil for atherosclerosis prevention. It was hardly found that CO had any effect on lowering serum lipids and on eicosanoids composition in liver phospholipid for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Plantago asiatica L. extract on anti oxidative potential, free radical generation and the lipid levels in rats. Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into two groups based on their diet, as follows: the AIN-76 diet (control group), and the modified AIN-76 diet(cholesterol 0.5%) with 0.5% P. asiatica extract, for 7 weeks. The body weight and teed efficiency ratios of the two groups did not significantly differ. The antioxidative potentials more significantly increased in the group that was fed P. asiatica extract than in the control group(p<0.05). There was no difference in the rate of free radical generation, though. The weights of the organs, such as heart, kidney, liver, and spleen, of the rats in the two groups did not differ, though. The ratio of the HDL cholesterol to the total cholesterol in the P. asiatica group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the other serum lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipids) did not differ between the two groups. These results imply that supplementation with P. asiatica extract may improve the antioxidant potential and decrease the lipid levels in the blood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.718-724
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• 1994

The study was conducted to investigated the effect of dietary levels of zinc (Zn) on lipid metabolism in cadmium (Cd) treated rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 110$\pm$10g were divided into 6 groups. The Zn levels were low (0ppm), control (30 ppm) and Cd-treated groups were administrated with Cd chloride (5.0mg/kg of body weight) by oral intubation at the same time once a week. Serum total lipid, triglyceride , total cholesterol and DHL-cholesterol contents decreased significantly in low Zn group. In serum dietary high Zn group, it decreased significantly in the content of triglyceride but total cholesterol and HDL- cholesterol revealed increase slightly . Total lipid and triglyceride contents increased by Cd oral intubation, but triblyceride content of control group decreased significantly in Cd-treated groups. HDL-cholesterol content also decreased by Cd oral intubationl. Cd-treatment increased total cholesterol content in low Zn group. Liver triglyceride content increased as dietary Zn level became more increasing and total lipid was not influenced by dietary Zn levels. Liver cholesterol content was higher in low and high Zn groups than that of control group. Liver phospholipid content decreased in low Zn group . Oral intubation of Cd increased in the contents of triglyceride and total lipid. The content of liver Zn was not influenced by the dietary low Zn but that of serum showed a remarkable increased . Oral Cd intubation increased the Cd contents of liver and serum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate nutritional intake, the dietary behaviors and plasma lipid profile between smokers and non-smokers of college male students in the Gyeonggi Area. Dietary behaviors and attitude toward smoking were investigated by questionnaires. The result obtained were as follows: There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements between smokers and nonsmokers. There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors. However, smokers tended to eat more snacks and desserts than nonsmokers. In plasma lipid levels, smokers had higher levels of plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol than that of non-smokers(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers was a lower than that of non-smokers although the difference was not significant. AI(Atherogenic Index), Total /HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio of smokers were significantly higher than that of non-smokers(p<0.01). BMI and SBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.01) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01). DBP showed positive correlation with triglyceride(p<0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol(p<0.01).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ leaves, stems, roots (ACL, ACS, ACR) on the change of weight and the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced Dy high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed with normal diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed with high fat diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACL of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACS of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample C group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACR of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased the serum total lipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. Sample A group was decreased the body weight (4 weeks, 7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol level, the serum triglyceride level, the serum free fatty acid and phospholipid level but increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. Sample B group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum free fatty acid and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. 4. Sample B group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 5. Sample C group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4 weeks) and the serum free fatty acid level in comparison with Control group. 6. Sample C group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest ACR is able to be used for the obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1993

To investigate the effects mustard leaf(Brassica Juncea) on Cholesterol metabolism, male Sprague Dawley rate were fed semipurified diets containing 2% or 4% mustard leaf with or without cholesterol for 5 weeks. Plasma cholesterol content decreased significantly by feeding 4% mustard leaf with of without cholesterol for 5 weeks. Plasma cholesterol content decreased significantly by feeding 4% mustard leaf in rats fed 1% cholesterol in the diet. In addition, HDL-cholesterol increased slightly by the feeding of mustard leaf, resulting in a significant increase in the HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and a reduction of atherosclerotic index. However, levels of plasma lipids were not influenced by mustared leaf in rats fed cholesterol-free diet. The contents of all classes of lipid in liver increased by dietary cholesterol. Of the liver lipids, triglyceride and cholesterol ester were accumulated most, showing a fatty liver synodrome. Supplementation of mustard leaf to cholesterol-containing diet resulted in a slight decrease in neutral lipid contents of liver. Fecal cholesterol excretion was higher by more than 2.7 and 3.3-fold in rats fed 2 and 4% mustard leaf than in control rats fed cholesterol. Similar trends were found in fecal bile salt excretion; rats fed and 4% mustard leaf excreted more bile salts by more than 1.5 and 2% than those fed control diet containing cholesterol. In summary, mustard leaf may have an antiatherogenci effect of reducing plasma cholesterol level and increasing HDL-cholesterol level. The plasma cholesterol lowering effect of mustard leaf is suggested to be due, at least in part, to increase in fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids.