• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.118-125
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• 2015

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the pregnancy potential of immature (metaphase I or germinal vesicle stage) oocytes retrieved in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Methods: A total of 1,871 couples with infertility underwent 2,984 ICSI cycles. Cycles in which three or fewer oocytes were retrieved were included in this study in order to evaluate the pregnancy potential of immature oocytes. Cycles were divided into five groups (group I-V), according to the maturation status of the oocytes at the time of cumulus cell removal and ICSI. The fertilization and pregnancy rates after ICSI were analyzed and compared among the study groups based on the maturation status of the retrieved oocytes. Results: The retrieval of only immature oocytes was associated with a significant decrease in the fertilization rate ($76.1%{\pm}37.3%$ vs. $49.0%{\pm}49.1%$, $66.7%{\pm}48.7%$; group I vs. group II, group III, respectively) and the average number of transferred embryos ($1.5{\pm}0.7$ vs. $1.1{\pm}0.4$, $1.1{\pm}0.6$). The cycle cancellation rate was significantly higher when only immature oocytes were retrieved. The clinical pregnancy rate decreased significantly when the transferred embryos had originated from immature oocytes (16.9% vs. 10.3%, 1.2%). Conclusion: In ICSI cycles, the fertilization potential and pregnancy potential of the immature oocytes retrieved in ICSI cycles were inferior to those of mature oocytes. Therefore, increasing the number of injectable oocytes and transferrable embryos by using immature oocytes after their spontaneous in vitro maturation does not necessarily improve pregnancy outcomes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.331-342
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• 2015

In this paper, Seoul(25 regions), Jeonbuk(14 regions), Busan(16 regions) of 277 agencies for the based local governments were selected and reviewed an ordinance status and related laws. Based on information systems of self-regulation, the ordinance within the self-regulation for each region is being operated in the annexed form analyzed by the survey. A total of four categories(resident registration numbers, cell phone number, home number, income) by reference to the part that refused to disclose personal information, the survey analysis. Through this, The government manager who is frequently job rotation and consulting staff can understand and review the regulations by proposing the improving solution of the municipal rules. In addition, I suggested control item addition so that they can facilitate the municipal format revised review and verify the annexed form using Personal Information Management System.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2 s.9
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• pp.95-107
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• 2002

Yukmijihwang-tang(YM) is a noted herbal prescription in Chinese and Korean traditional medicines, and it has been known to reinforce the vital essence and has been widely used for a variety of disease such as stroke, osteoporosis, anti-tumor, and hypothyrodism. Regarding its traditional use, YM has been known to reinforce the Yin (vital essence) of liver and kidney. Also it has been known to reinforce nutrition and biological function in brain. Recently, studies suggested that YM increase antioxidant activities and exert the protective effect against oxidant-induced liver cell injury. We investigated the high-throughput gene expression analysis on the Yukmijihwang-tang administrated in SD rats. Microarray data were validated on a limited number of genes by semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. The recent availability of microarrays provides an attractive strategy for elaborating an unbiased molecular profile of large number of genes in drug discovery This experimental approach offers the potential to identify molecules or cellular pathways not previously associated with herbal medicine. Total RNA from normal control brain and Yukmijihwang-tang administrated brain were hybridized to microarrays containing 10,000 rat genes. The 52 genes were found to be up-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. The nine genes were found to be down-regulated(twice or more) excluding EST gene. Gene array technology was used to identify for the first time many genes expression pathway analysis that arecell cycle pathway, apoptosis pathway, electron transport chain pathway, cytoplasmic ribosomal protein pathway, fatty acid degradation pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. These differentially expressed genes pathway analysis have not previously been iavestigated in the context of herbal medicine efficacy and represent novel factors for further study of the mechanism of herbal medicine efficacy.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.557-567
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• 2000

An optional ingredient, jasoja(Perillae semen), was adopted to improve the quality of Dongchimi. The final weight percentage of jasoja in Dongchimi was adjusted to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0%, per radish, and sensory and microbiological characteristics were determined during fermentation at 10 for 45 days. The effect was varied depending on the amounts of jasoja, but Dongchimi fermented with 0.5% jasoja was most favored for color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. According to a quantitative descriptive analysis for the product, the liquid portion of Dongchimi steadily became clearer and less sour in proportion to the amount of added jasoja. However, a strong off-taste was detected from 1.0% treatment. The viable cell numbers of total and lactic acid bacteria drastically increased during the first 2 days, and then gradually increased to their maximum values during fermentation and slowly decreased at the later stage. Dongchimi with 0.5% treatment showed a distinctive high number of microorganisms at the 15th-day of fermentation and this trend was maintained until the completion of fermentation. The lactic acid bacteria isolated and identified from Dongchimi were; Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus faecalis, and Lactococcus lactis. The combined number of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum began to increase right after preparation to as much as 10$\^$7/CFU/㎖, then decreased to 10-10$^3$CFU/㎖ afterward. This study showed that the addition of jasoja retarded the initial fermentation of Dongchimi; however, too much jasoja at above 1% weight level per Chinese radish might accelerate fermentation at the later fermentation stage and shoud be avoided. A comparable fermentation pattern was observed among the samples; however, more acceptable Dongchimi could be prepared by fermenting for 11 to 30 days at 0.5% jasoja concentration per radish.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1387-1394
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose and the call admission control mechanism that can improve the capacity of the wireless system for the non-uniform traffic load distribution based intelligent information in multiple cellular CDMA environment. The number of mobile stations that can be served simultaneously in a base station is limited by the amount of total interference received in CDMA system. Further, the average number of mobile stations in each cell may not be uniformly distributed. In this paper, considering this factors, the call admission control mechanism using the effective bandwidth concept is adapted to improve the system capacity of non-uniform traffic load distribution based intelligent information. Thus, the bandwidth for a new call can be varied dynamically for reducing the blocking rate of new calls and the dropping rate of handoff calls. The suggested call admission control mechanism is experimented through simulation by dynamically assigning the bandwidth to new and handoff calls. The simulation results show that the proposed call admission control mechanism can accommodate more mobile stations than the other methods in multiple cellular CDMA environment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2000

General composition and microbial load of brine recycled to 6 times for Chinese cabbage salting and the quality of Kimchi using every brined cabbage were investigated. The concentration of salt(NaCl) in brine after soaking dropped 1.35-2.49% and pH of the brine changed significantly until 4 times recycling. The acidities were increased as number of recycling increased. The total viable cell count in recycled brine increased from 1.58$\times$10$^{6}$ /mL in the first soaking brine to 2.3$\times$10$^{9}$ /mL in 4th soaking brine which was highest in number. The pure soluble solid and vitamin C content in brine were accumulated to 0.93% and 0.55 mg% respectively after 6th recycling. The pH, acidity and sensory evaluation results of Kimchi prepared by Chinese cabbage salted by each brine recycled 6 times showed no significant difference. It means there is a possiblity reusing brine for salting of cabbage for the preparation of Kimchi to 6 times.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.813-818
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• 1995

The effect of retarding the fermentation of Kimchi by the extract of leek(Allium tuberosum) were tested by measuring the changes in pH, acidity and total cell number as well as number of microorganisms involved in Kimchi fermentation such as Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and yeasts. The changes of pH and acidity of Kimchi stored at $25^{\circ}C$ indicated that the shelf-life of Kimchi with leek extract was retarded by 1.5 days compared with Kimchi without leek extract. Growth of Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and yeasts in Kimchi were remarkably inhibited by adding the leek extract at the initial and the 1st day of fermentation. This result suggested the methanol extract of leek can be sucessfully used for the extension of shelf-life of Kimchi.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.467-472
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• 2007

Eurasian black vulture (Aegypius monachus) belongs to family Accipitridae and is a raptor preying small birds and mammals. It is a wintering bird residing from the mid of November to the late of March in Korea. Although Eurasian black vulture population wintering at Korea is gradually increased, the efficient rescue and treatment for injured Eurasian black vultures are still problematic, due to lack of basic data. Therefore, in this survey, to obtain basic resources for establishing more efficient rescue system, we surveyed the number of Eurasian black vultures wintering at Gangwon province, wintering ecology and injury state of Eurasian black vulture. Survey area was Togyo reservoir at Cheorwon, Seonan basin at Yangoo and Wolsong reservoir at Chuncheon from November 2004 to March 2005. From 12 rescued Eurasian black vultures, physical examination, total plasma protein (TPP) and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. To survey injury state of Eurasian black vultures wintering at Gangwon province, we surveyed the cause, morbidity and mortality from 103 Eurasian black vultures, based on medical records from animal rescue teams. The number of eurasian black vultures were gradually increased from November, peaked at Feburary, then steeply decreased at March. Eurasian black vultures showed the most vigorous activity around 1 PM within a day. In physical examination, mean body weight was $9.6{\pm}1.22kg$, body length was $1130{\pm}45.4mm$. No statistically significant difference in body weight and length between male and female eurasian black vultures was observed. Mean PCV was $40.2{\pm}2.7%$, while mean TPP was $5.86{\pm}0.8mg/dl$. The most common cause of injury and mortality was intoxication, while that of morbidity was fatigue.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

Cryopreservation has been applied successfully in many mammalian species. Nevertheless, pig embryos, because of their greater susceptibility to cryoinjuries, have shown a reduced developmental competence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival status of vitrified-warmed porcine embryos. Forced blastocoele collapse (FBC) and non-FBC blastocysts are vitrified and concomitantly cultured in culture media which were supplemented with/without fetal bovine serum (FBS). Porcine vitrified-warmed embryos were examined in four different methods: group A, non-FBC without FBS; group B, non-FBC with FBS; group C, FBC without FBS; group D, FBC with FBS. After culture, differences in survival rates of blastocysts derived from vitrified-warmed porcine embryos were found in group A~D (39.5 (A) vs 52.5 (B) and 54.8 (C) vs 66.7% (D), respectively, p<0.05). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of survived blastocysts was lower in group D than that of another groups (p<0.05). Moreover, total cell number of survived blastocysts was higher in group D than that of other groups (p<0.05). Otherwise, group D showed significantly lower number of apoptotic cells than other groups ($2.0{\pm}1.5$ vs $3.2{\pm}2.1$, $2.8{\pm}1.9$, and $2.7{\pm}1.6$, respectively, p<0.05). Taken together, these results showed that FBS/FBC improves the developmental competence of vitrified porcine embryos by modulating intracellular levels of ROS and the apoptotic index during the vitrification/warming procedure. Therefore, we suggest that FBS and FBC are effective treatment techniques during the vitrification/warming procedures of porcine blastocysts.

• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.389-396
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• 2017

Objectives: To circumvent the limitations of the current golden standard method, colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, for viability of Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ (BCG) vaccines, we developed a new method to rapidly and accurately determine the potency of BCG vaccines. Methods: Based on flow cytometry (FACS) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) as the most appropriate fluorescent staining reagent, 17 lots of BCG vaccines for percutaneous administration and 5 lots of BCG vaccines for intradermal administration were analyzed in this study. The percentage of viable cells measured by flow cytometry along with the total number of organisms in BCG vaccines, as determined on a cell counter, was used to quantify the number of viable cells. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients of FACS and CFU assays for percutaneous and intradermal BCG vaccines were 0.6962 and 0.7428, respectively, indicating a high correlation. The coefficient of variation value of the FACS assay was less than 7%, which was 11 times lower than that of the CFU assay. Conclusion: This study contributes to the evaluation of new potency test method for FACS-based determination of viable cells in BCG vaccines. Accordingly, quality control of BCG vaccines can be significantly improved.