• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

The present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation of metastasis and prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Examination was performed on a series of thirty-seven patients who were confirmed to squamous cell carcinoma and its lymphatic metastasis by pathologist. Correlations of metastasis and other factors such as angiogenesis, histologic grading, and p53 expression and ras oncogene were studied. The depth of tumors was around 1 to 27mm. Twenty cases were more than 10mm deep, of which seventeen cases were shown lymphatic metastasis. Total score of histologic grading including keratinization, nuclear atypia, growth pattern and intensity of inflammation was ranged from 5 to 10 points. Of these factors, nuclear atypia with intensity of inflammation, and nuclear atypia with growth pattern was correlated with nuclear atypia each. For angiogenesis, number of new-formed vessels were counted 13 to 58 each. Twenty-eight cases were shown to lymphatic metastasis. No correlation with histologic grading and lymphatic metastasis was found. The results of immunohistochemical staining for p53 and ras oncogene revealed that positive cases were 16 and 22, negative for 21 and 15 each. However, both were not correlated with histologic grading and lymphatic metastasis. These results were revealed that angiogenesis was not correlated with lymphatic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma arising in head and neck. Nuclear atypia with intensity of inflammation and dysplasia with growth pattern were correlated with histologic grading, which suggested that more careful and adequate advice is needed for effective treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

This study was designed to determine the effects of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and estradiol $17-{\beta}$ on the in vitro proliferation of stromal vascular cell from Hanwoo omental, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular adipose tissues. Cells were cultured in M199+20% newborn calf serum and the proliferation of cells was measured by direct microscopic cell counting and change of genomic DNA amount. Cell numbers increased slightly over the first 72 hour of culture and then increased greatly, regardless of adipose tissue depots. In IGF-1 treatment, the number of omental preadipocytes maintained highest level from the beginning to the 20th day of culture. However, in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ treatment, those tended to be lower than the control from the beginning of culture and significantly lower at the 24th day. When IGF-1 was added to subcutaneous preadipocytes, the numbers of cells were higher from 11th day than those from other treatments, although there was no statistical significance. For intermuscular preadipocytes treated with IGF-1, its numbers were significantly (p<0.05) higher at 11th day, and in the other days it showed a similar tendency to those of the subcutaneous tissue. In this experiment, preadipocytes were taken from 24 month old fully matured steers and the highest proliferation rate was shown in intramuscular tissue followed by those of subcutaneous preadipocytes. Addition of $5{\mu}M$ estradiol-$17{\beta}$ to the growth medium failed to promote the replication of Hanwoo preadipocytes, as indicated by direct cell counts and total genomic DNA content. As the culture period proceeded, the amounts of DNA were increased, but the patterns of increment were not consistent with the results of cell numbers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4963-4965
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• 2012

Objective: To diagnose renal cell carcinoma at early stages and for better prognosis, the main objective of our current study was to understand any association with diabetes with relation to age, gender, history of disease, diabetic laboratory parameters, tumor size and grade. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ December, 2011 and $31^{st}$ May, 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, HbA1c, serum creatinine, fasting blood glucose. One way ANOVA was applied to examine statistical significance of differences between groups. The LSD post hoc test was used for the comparison of means of case groups. Results: Of the total 140 cases of renal cell carcinoma, 79 patients were also suffering from diabetes mellitus. The number of females (47) was more in diabetic RCC patients when compared to males (32). Significance was observed in levels of serum creatinine for tumor size >10cm ($0.0001^*$). The highest value of glycated hemoglobin (8.9%) and fasting blood sugar(148.3mg/dl)in cases of renal cell carcinoma along with diabetes mellitus was found in tumour size of 1-5cm. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus has independent prognostic significance in RCC in relation to tumour size and grade.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.74-80
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• 2001

Objectives : Ma-huang is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, derived from Ephedra sinica Stapf and other Ephedra species, used to treat asthma, nose and lung congestion, and fever with anhidrosis. It contains 0.5-2.5% by weight of total alkaloids, of which ephedrine accounts for 30 to 90%. Recently, Ma-huang has been used as a source of ephedrine in many dietary supplements formulated for the treatment of obesity, since ephedrine has been found to be effective in inducing weight loss in the obese. In this study the effects of the methanol extract of Ma-huang on the adipocyte of epididymal and brown fat pads in rats fed a high fat diet for six weeks were studied. Methods : Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing an average 94g (4 weeks old) were fed either a regular diet (RE) or a high fat diet (HF), and the HF group was subdivided into a Ma-huang methanol extract (30mg/100g body weight) group (HF+MH). The weight of epididymal fat pad and brown adipose tissue were measured. The cell size and cell number per unit area of epididymal fat pad were investigated. Results : The yield weight of methanol extract of Ma-huang was 3.63mg per l00g of Ma-huang. The body weight gain of the HF group was similar with that of the HF+ MH but higher than that of the RE. The weights of the epididymal fat pads and brown adipose tissue of the RE group were lower than those of HF and HF+MH groups. The cell sizes and numbers per unit area of epididymal fat pads of the RE and HF+MH groups were larger than those of HF group. The cell numbers per unit area size of epididymal fat pads were the smallest in the RE group. Conclusions : It could be concluded that the Ma-huang extract has no effect on the epididymal fat pads in rats fed a high fat diet and the clinical application of Ma-huang for the treatment of obesity should be re-considered.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.7A
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• pp.569-580
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• 2012

In this paper, an enhanced initial ranging algorithm for large-cell coverage fixed wireless communication system is proposed. In typical wireless communication system such as WiBro, because a round-trip delay between a transmitter and a receiver is within one OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol duration, a frequency-domain differential correlation method is generally used. However, the conventional method cannot be applied due to an increase of a maximum time delay in large-cell system. In case of an accumulative differential method, estimation errors can occur because of frequent sign transitions. In this paper, therefore, we propose an algorithm which can estimate a total timing offset in a ranging channel structure for 15 km cell. The proposed method can improve performance by sign comparison based sign error correction rule between the estimated values and using a weighting scheme based on channel correlation, the number of accumulations, and the noise reduction effect in normalization process. Also, it can estimate the integer timing offset of symbol duration by comparing peak-powers after compensating for the fractional timing offset of symbol duration.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.737-751
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• 2017

Histone-modifying enzymes are key players in the field of cellular differentiation. Here, we used GSK-J4 to profile important target genes that are responsible for neural differentiation. Embryoid bodies were treated with retinoic acid ($10{\mu}M$) to induce neural differentiation in the presence or absence of GSK-J4. To profile GSKJ4-target genes, we performed RNA sequencing for both normal and demethylase-inhibited cells. A total of 47 and 58 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, after GSK-J4 exposure at a log2-fold-change cut-off value of 1.2 (p-value < 0.05). Functional annotations of all of the differentially expressed genes revealed that a significant number of genes were associated with the suppression of cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression and induction of cell death. We also identified an enrichment of potent motifs in selected genes that were differentially expressed. Additionally, we listed upstream transcriptional regulators of all of the differentially expressed genes. Our data indicate that GSK-J4 affects cellular biology by inhibiting cellular proliferation through cell cycle suppression and induction of cell death. These findings will expand the current understanding of the biology of histone-modifying enzymes, thereby promoting further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2012

To determine the biological effects of low-dose-rate radiation ($^{137}Cs$, 2.95 mGy/h) on EL4 lymphoma cells during 24 h, we investigated the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, iron transport, and ribonucleotide reductase. EL4 cells were continuously exposed to low-dose-rate radiation (total dose: 70.8 mGy) for 24 h. We analyzed cell proliferation and apoptosis by trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry, gene expression by real-time PCR, and protein levels with the apoptosis ELISA kit. Apoptosis increased in the Low-dose-rate irradiated cells, but cell number did not differ between non- (Non-IR) and Low-dose-rate irradiated (LDR-IR) cells. In concordance with apoptotic rate, the transcriptional activity of ATM, p53, p21, and Parp was upregulated in the LDR-IR cells. Similarly, Phospho-p53 (Ser15), cleaved caspase 3 (Asp175), and cleaved Parp (Asp214) expression was upregulated in the LDR-IR cells. No difference was observed in the mRNA expression of DNA repair-related genes (Msh2, Msh3, Wrn, Lig4, Neil3, ERCC8, and ERCC6) between Non-IR and LDR-IR cells. Interestingly, the mRNA of Trfc was upregulated in the LDR-IR cells. Therefore, we suggest that short-term Low-dose-rate radiation activates apoptosis in EL4 lymphoma cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.917-923
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• 1999

To confirm therapeutic functionality of Urechis unicinctus which have been favored as a special seafood in Korea, the antitumor and immunological effect of those glycoprotein were studied. 4mg/kg dose of glycoprotein from Urechis unicinctus was most effective in solid tumor growth inhibition (43.63%) of sarcoma 180 cells. However, in case of mice injected with more than dose of 20mg/kg, tumor growth was not inhibited. The higher prolongation ratios were achieved at levels of 2mg/kg with 31.2% and 4mg/kg with 28.9%. The cytotoxic effect of glycoprotein on sarcoma 180 cells was increased slightly as administering level was increased. Number of total peritoneal exudate cells in all the glycoprotein administered groups increased remarkably meaning that Urechis unicinctus gly coprotein could help to improve immunity. Notable body weight change was not resulted in the glycoprotein treated mice compared with control group, but the ratios of both liver or spleen to body weight were increased in mice injected with 20mg/kg and 40mg/kg. These results suggest that the glycoprotein from Urechis unicinctus could stimulate immunity of the mouse bearing tumor cells. Furthermore, the number of leucocytes was also increased by 38.78% at the dose of 20mg/kg and by 46.30% of control at 40mg/kg, while the lower level of 2mg/kg or 4mg/kg showed no effect in increasing leucocyte number. The biochemical values such as GOT and GPT in serum were not changed in mice injected with glycoprotein in comparision with control group.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to the effect on subsequent development of EGF present in defined medium during bovine 1)oocyte maturation or 2)embryo culture. The presence of EGF during IVM, irrespective of concentration(1, 10, 100ng/$m\ell$), stimulated cumulus expansion and significantly increased the proportion of oocytes attaining metaphaseII, the rate of cleavage, and develop to blastocyst. 1. In the group of EGF-added medium(1, 10, 100ng/$m\ell$), nuclear maturation rate for in vitro maturation was 91% to 92% but was not significantly higher than control group(87%). 2. For in vitro maturation, in the group of EGF-added medium(1, 10, 100ng/$m\ell$)the rate of cumulus cell expansion degree 2 ranged from 81% to 87%, which was significantly higher than the control group(medium with EGF not added). The rate of in vitro fertilization, developing to 2-to 4- cell stage, was 76% to 80%, which was also significantly higher(p<0.05)than control group(62%). 3. For in vitro maturation, in the group of EGF added in medium(1, 10, 100ng/$m\ell$)the development rate to blastocyst was 24.3% to 27%, which was significantly higher than control group(13.7%). The total cleavage rate in the group of EGF-added medium was 77% to 82%, which was higher than control group. 4. The development rate to blastocyst for 6 days of cultivation and the hatching blastocyst were 30.6% and 59.1%, respectively, in the group of 100ng/$m\ell$ of EGF, which were significantly higher(p<0.05)than control group(14.0% and 24%, respectively), The numbers of cells in blastocyst were 140.2 and 148, respectively, in 10ng/$m\ell$ and 100ng/$m\ell$ of EGF-added medium, which were higher than 108.5 in control group. 5. The development rate of in vitro fertilized embryos to blastocyst in 10ng/$m\ell$ of EGF-added medium co-cultured with somatic cell was 28%, which was significantly higher(p<0.05)than control group(11.8%). The numbers of cells in blastocyst were 141.6 for EGF-added medium and 145 for EGF+co-culture group, which were higher than control(101.6)and medium co-cultured with somatic cells(110.6). These results showed that in vitro maturation and fertilization, EGF was found a significant effect of increase of development rate to blastocyst and cell number.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2003

Changes in the rat testis interstitium from birth to adulthood were studied using Sprague Dawley rats of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 40, 60, and 90 days of age to investigate Leydig cell differentiation. In addition, serum testosterone concentrations and luteinizing hormone stimulated (LH; 100 ng/ml) testosterone secretory capacity per testis in vitro were determined via radioimmunoassay. Fetal Leydig cells were present in rat testes from birth to 21 days, and they were only steroidogenic cells in the testis at days 1 and 7. The average volume of a fetal Leydig cell and the absolute volume of fetal Leydig cell per testis were similar at all ages of experimental groups except at day 21 when lower values were observed for both parameters. The number of fetal Leydig cells per testis remained constant from birth through 21 days. Adult Leydig cells were recognized at day 14 and their absolute volume and number per testis increased linearly from 14 to 90 days. The average volume of an adult Leydig cell increased significantly with age and reached maximum size by 60 days of age where the volume was nearly three times bigger than that of at day 14. Total testosterone production per testis in vitro and serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different at day 1 compared with 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Significant increases were observed at days 40 and 60. Values at days 60 and 90 were not significantly different.