• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2000

Polypeptide growth factor belong to a class of potent biologic mediator which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ decrease cell proliferation, and stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity which express in osteoblast during cell differentiation period. IGF-I is known to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation too. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ is known to increase IGF-I binding sites and IGF binding protein which inhibite the effect of IGF. The purpose of this study is to evaluate potential role of IGF-I as mediator that control the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$. MC3T3-E1 cell were seeded $5{\times}10^5/ml$ at 100mm culture plate in ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 48 hour incubation period, medium were changed ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 5% fetal bovine serum. After 24 hours, $10^{-9}M$ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ added. Total mRNA was extracted at 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 hour. PRPCR method was programed for the detection of IGF-I mRNA. In the both groups of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin $D_3$ treated and control, alternative splicing form of IGF-I, IGF-IA and IGF-IB were expressed. In the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ treated group, IGF-I mRNA expression was matained until 24 hour, there after expression was decresed. MC3T3-E1 cell were seeded $2.5{\times}10^4/ml$ at 24well plate in ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 10% fetal bovine serum. After 48 hour incubation period, medium were changed ${\alpha}-MEM$ containing 3% fetal bovine serum. After 24 hours, $10^{-9}M$ 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added separately or together. Cell were cultured for 1 and 3 days, $2{\mu}Ci/ml\;[^3H]$ -thymidine was added for the last 24h of culture of each days. ${[^3H]}$-thymidine incorporation in to DNA was measured and expressed counter per minute(CPM). DNA synthetic activity was significantly decreased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ both at 1 day and 3 day, and in the combination group of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ and IGF-I, DNA synthetic activity was also decreased both at 1 day and 3 days. IGF-I did not affect the DNA synthetic activity compared to control group both at 1 day and 3 day. From the above results, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ was potent inhibitor of cell proliferaton in MC3T3-E1 cells. It assumed that the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3$ on osteoblast proliferation may be mediated in part by decreased level of IGF-I.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 1994

Nine rabbits were fed with Clonorchis sinenis metacercariae (MC) and the blood samples chronologically obtained were analyzed biochemically. Rabbits Infected by less than 100 flukes were grouped into Group I, and by 100-250 flukes into Group II. The serum level of alanine amlnotransferase (ALT) was increased from 3 weeks after the Infection of the metacercariae (AIM) and showed a peak at 8 weeks, and decreased from 12 weeks ASM. The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was raised to $92.3{\;}{\pm}{\;}65.4{\;}U/L$ at 3 weeks AIM and stayed high until 8 weeks, then lowered thereafter. The serum level of ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transpeptidase (${\gamma}-GT$) was increased rapidly to the highest value ($18.9{\;}{\pm}{\;}14.6{\;}U/L$) at 16 weeks ASM, and decreased to the control level after 20 weeks. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was headed down from the early infection to 52 weeks AIM. The serum cholesterol level was increased from 8 weeks and reached at a peak 16 weeks AIM, and decreased thereafter to the control level. It is suggested that serum ALT, AST, ALP and ${\gamma}-GT$ tests be useful to diagnose the early infEction of C. sinensis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.268-278
• /
• 2021

Purpose: While several prognostic models for the stratification of death risk have been developed for patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy, they have seldom been tested in the Chinese population. This study investigated the performance of these models and identified the optimal tools for Chinese patients. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic or recurrent gastric adenocarcinoma who received first-line chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion in the validation cohort. Their clinical data and survival outcomes were retrieved and documented. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the models. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for patients in different risk groups divided by 7 published stratification tools. Log-rank tests with pairwise comparisons were used to compare survival differences. Results: The analysis included a total of 346 patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. The median overall survival time was 11.9 months. The patients were different into different risk groups according to the prognostic stratification models, which showed variability in distinguishing mortality risk in these patients. The model proposed by Kim et al. showed relative higher predicting abilities compared to the other models, with the highest χ² (25.8) value in log-rank tests across subgroups, and areas under the curve values at 6, 12, and 24 months of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59-0.72), 0.60 (0.54-0.65), and 0.63 (0.56-0.69), respectively. Conclusions: Among existing prognostic tools, the models constructed by Kim et al., which incorporated performance status score, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and tumor differentiation, were more effective in stratifying Chinese patients with gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.65-81
• /
• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effects of oral administration of deer antler extracts on an osteoporosis-induced animal model. We analyzed the results of using deer antler single extracts on animal models with osteoporosis through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We included osteoporosis studies in animal experiments that administrated deer antler extracts orally. We searched the following 13 databases without a language restriction: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Korean Medical Database (KMbase), National Digital Science Library (NDSL), Korean Traditional Knowledge (Koreantk), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), and Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS). We used Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool for assessing the methodological quality of the included studies. Results A total of 299 potentially relevant studies were searched and 11 were included for a systematic review. Nine studies used a single deer antler extract. A study compared the effects of single extracts of deer antler and antler glue, while another study compared the effects of three single extracts of deer antler, old antler, and antler glue. For evaluating the intervention effect, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured as the primary outcome, while the histomorphometric indicators of the bone and serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were used as the secondary outcome variables. On conducting a meta-analysis of studies on single deer antler extract, BMD was observed to be significantly increased compared to that in control group (standardized mean difference [SMD]=2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.58~2.65; Z=7.75; p<0.00001; I²=56%). As a result of meta-analysis, according to the concentration of deer antler, the group with high concentration showed statistically significantly higher BMD than the group with low concentration (SMD=1.28; 95% CI=0.74~1.82; Z=4.63; p<0.00001; I²=9%). Conclusions The research shows that the deer antler extracts have significant anti-osteoporotic effects on the osteoporosis-induced animal model. However the studies included in this research had a high methodological risk of bias. This indicates the requirement of considerable attention in the interpretation of the study results.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 2022

Crucian carp, Carassius carassius (Weight 28.1±3.7 g, Length 10.0±1.0 cm) were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila at 0, 2.0×10⁴, 2.0×10⁵, 2.0×10⁶, 2.0×10⁷ CFU/ml for 2 weeks. The lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) at 2 weeks of C. carassius challenged with A. hydrophila was 19.776×10⁵ CFU/ml. In hematological parameters, the hemoglobin and RBC counts were significantly decreased by A. hydrophila challenge, whereas there was no significant change in hematocrit. The inorganic plasma components such as magnesium and calcium were significantly decreased. In organic plasma components, glucose and cholesterol were significantly increased by A. hydrophila challenge, whereas total protein was significantly decreased. In enzymatic plasma components, ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) were significantly increased by A. hydrophila challenge. The results of this study suggest that the A. hydrophila challenge to C. carassius induced the significant physiological changes in the hematological parameters and plasma components as deadly pathogenic bacteria.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.589-603
• /
• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have reported that protein supplementation contributes to the attenuation of inflammation. Serious trauma such as burn injury usually results in the excessive release of inflammatory factors and organs dysfunction. However, a few reports continued to focus on the function of protein ingestion in regulating burn-induced inflammation and organ dysfunction. MATERIALS/METHODS: This study established the rat model of 30% total body surface area burn injury, and evaluated the function of blended protein (mixture of whey and soybean proteins). Blood routine examination, inflammatory factors, blood biochemistry, and immunohistochemical assays were employed to analyze the samples from different treatment groups. RESULTS: Our results indicated a decrease in the numbers of white blood cells, monocytes, and neutrophils in the burn injury group administered with the blended protein nutritional support (Burn+BP), as compared to the burn injury group administered normal saline supplementation (Burn+S). Expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and chemokines (macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor, and C-C motif chemokine 11) were dramatically decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) were significantly increased in the Burn+BP group. Kidney function related markers blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and the liver function related markers alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were remarkably reduced, whereas albumin levels were elevated in the Burn+BP group as compared to levels obtained in the Burn+S group. Furthermore, inflammatory cells infiltration of the kidney and liver was also attenuated after burn injury administered with blended protein supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, nutritional support with blended proteins dramatically attenuates the burn-induced inflammatory reaction and protects organ functions. We believe this is a new insight into a potential therapeutic strategy for nutritional support of burn patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1164-1172
• /
• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei derived phytase for pigs fed diets with fixed calcium to total phosphorus ratios (1.5:1). In Exp. 1, 280 weaned pigs (initial BW of $10.32{\pm}1.94$ kg) were allocated to one of five dietary treatments on the basis of weight and gender in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were the low phosphorus (0.6% Ca, 0.4% total P and 0.23% available P) diets supplemented with 0, 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU phytase/kg of diet and a positive control diet (PC; 0.85% Ca, 0.58% total P and 0.37% available P). The treatments were applied to seven pens with eight pigs per pen, half male and half female. In Exp. 2, six barrows fitted with ileal T-cannula (initial BW = $35.1{\pm}1.6$ kg) were assigned to three dietary treatments with a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. The dietary treatments were the low-phosphorus diet (0.53% Ca, 0.34% total P and 0.14% available P), the low phosphorus diet plus 1,000 FTU phytase/kg and a positive control diet (0.77% Ca, 0.50% total P and 0.30% available P). In Exp. 1, there were linear increases (p<0.01) in weight gain, phosphorus absorption, bone strength, calcium and phosphorus content of fat-free dried bone and plasma phosphorus concentrations with increasing dose rate of phytase. The performance of pigs fed the diets with 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet. Pigs fed diets with 1,000 or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in bone characteristics. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ash and energy was not affected by dietary treatment. However, pigs fed the PC diet excreted more fecal phosphorus (g/d, p<0.01) and fecal phosphorus per BW gain (g/kg) than pigs fed the diets with phytase. Phytase linearly decreased (p<0.01) fecal phosphorus excreted per BW gain (g/kg), plasma calcium concentration as well as plasma and bone alkaline phosphatase activity. In Exp. 2, phytase supplementation in the low-P diet increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca, P, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and cysteine, tended to AID of crude protein, isoleucine, threonine, asparagine and serine. In conclusion, the novel phytase originated from Trichoderma reesei is effective in releasing Ca, P, and amino acids from corn soy based diet for pigs.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.27 no.3 s.62
• /
• pp.391-399
• /
• 1997

Rapid palatal expansion(RPE) is a method of inducing the new bone formation in the palate by separation of the midpalatal suture, which can be done conveniently by placing heavy force across the maxillary dental arch. This experiment was undertaken to examine the histologic changes after RPE and during retention period. Four young adult dogs(a control dog, three experimental dogs) aged 4 to 6 months old were used for this experiment. Expansion screw($Hyrax^{\circledR}$, Dentarum Inc.) was delevered to the palate and fumed 180 degrees every morning and evening for 8 days, giving a total expansion of 7.2mm. A control dog was sacrified at the starting point of this study without any treatment and three experimental dogs were sacrified after RPE, 14-day retention, and 28-day retention in each. Thereafter, those samples were observed with hematoxylin-eosin(H-E) stain, ground section(Villanueva stain), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stain, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRA) stain. The results were as followings: 1. After RPE, collagen fiber bundles were stretched along the midpalatal suture and few osteoblasts were flattened-inactive state and also, a little osteoid tissues was observed. Few multinucleated osteoclasts which had TRAP-positive activity in their cytoplasm were seen in horizontal section, whereas a few osteoclasts were seen in frontal section, especially in the nasal floor side of palatal bone. 2. After 14-day retention, collagen fiber bundles were stretched along the midpalatal suture and few osteoblasts which had ALP-positive activity in their cytoplasm were seen. Few multinucleated osteoclasts which had TRAP-positive activity in their cytoplasm were seen in horizontal section, whereas a few osteoclasts were seen in frontal section, especially in the nasal floor side of palatal bone. 3. After 28-day retention, collagen fiber bundles were arranged like those of control dog and osteoblasts which showed a lot of immature bone formation were cuboidal shape and exhibited ALP-positive activity in their cytoplasm. Few multinucleated osteoclasts which had TRAP-positive activity in their cytoplasm were seen in horizontal section, whereas a few osteoclasts were seen in frontal section, especially in the nasal floor side of palatal bone. According to the above results, the new bone formation after rapid palatal expansion was examined after 14-day retention and significantly increased after 28-day retention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.278-286
• /
• 2003

Alcohol is well known agent which can damage the human tissues such as liver via stimulating lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, carotenoids in addition to vitamins A, C and I play important roles in protecting these oxidative damages as well as preventing the production of free radicals. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in ethanol-treated rats. In the experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 160~180 g were given a liquid diet containing 36% of total calories as ethanol for 7 weeks. The pair-fed control rats received an isocaloric amount of diet containing sucrose instead of ethanol on the following day Additionally, the liquid diet contained adequate amount of $\beta$-carotene, retinyl acetate or 13-sis-reinoic acid except vitamin A-deficient diet. The results obtained are as follows. The levels of plasma and hepatic lipid peroxide were increased after chronic ethanol feeding in rats. Retinyl acetate supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol feeding Glucose 6-phosphatase activity was significantly reduced in rats fed vitamin A-deficient diet with ethanol and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly induced in rats fed 13-cis-reinoic acid diet with ethanol. Catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities did not show a consistent tendency in experiment groups. The hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities did not significantly changed by chronic ethanol feeding groups. The striking decrease in conversion of $\beta$-carotene to retinol was observed in rats fed a $\beta$-carotene diet with ethanol feeding The level of retinol and retinoic acid in plasma and liver was decreased after chronic ethanol administration Based on this result, these data suggest that ethanol feeding enhances oxidative stress especially in those fed a vitamin A-deficient diet, and vitamin A supplementation, especially, retinyl acetate intake can prevent enhanced lipid peroxidation and related damage to some extent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.466-470
• /
• 2000

The current study was undertaken to determine the prolinged effects of fasting-refecding on the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and lipogenesis of adipose tissus in male Sprague-Dawley rals and to investigate the effects of various degrecs of food restriction during refeeding on the LPL activity and lipogenesis. The control group (n=5) was fed ad libitum and killed in the fed state at the beginning of the experiment. All rats except conteol group were fasted for 2 days (n=50). Five rats were killed at the end of fasting and others (n=45) were refed either ad libitum (ad libitum group) or mildly restricted (20% food restricted group), or esverely restricted diet (40% food restricted group). Rats were killed on the day of 7th, 14th, and 21st of refeeding. Lipogenesis was determined by the amount of glucose converted to the total lipid. Body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight returned to control states by 5 days in ad libitym group and by 14 days in 20% food restricted group. As expected, in 40% food restriction during refeeding weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight did not rcturn to control states until day 21. On day 21 after refeeding, the serum total cholesterol concentration of ad libitum group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control group. The serum HDL-C concentration of 40% food restricted group during refeeding was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control group. However, there were no significant dif-ferences in serum HDL-C/total cholesterol (TC) ratio and trigluceride concentration among the groups. Fasting for 2 days decreased lipogenesis and LPL activity (p<0.05). On day 21 after refecding, the lipogencsis of ad libitum group was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of control group. The lipogenesis of 40% food restricted group during refeeding was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of conrtol group. Ad libitum group and 20% food restricted group during refecding allowed heparin-releasable (HR) LPL or total extractable (TE) LPL activity to return to control states. 40% food restricted group during refeeding delayed the return of HR-LOL or TE-LPL activity to return to control states until day 21 of refeeding. These results suggest that food restriction during refeeding can partially or completely prevent the overshoot of LPL activity, and this may influence the rate of lipid accumulation in adipose tissue during refeeding.