• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.45-52
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• 2003

A finite element procedure to estimate ultimate strength of space frames considering spread of plasticity is presented. The improved displacement field is introduced based on inclusion of second order terms of finite rotations. All the nonlinear terms due to bending and torsional moment as well as axial force are precisely considered. The concept of plastic hinge is introduced and the incremental load/displacement method is applied for the elasto-plastic analysis. The initial yield surface is defined based on the residual stress and the full plastification surface is considered under the combined action of axial force, bending and torsional moments. The elasto-plastic stiffness matrices are derived using the flow rule and the normality condition of the limit function. Finite element solutions for ultimate strength of space frames are compared with available solutions and experimental results.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.837-845
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• 2004

A variable friction damper for vehicle driveline has been proposed. This new torsional damper system uses a solenoid as an actuator to vary friction force of the damper. To verify the idea of using a solenoid in a variable damper system, the test fixture and the dampers are made and tested. Also, to find out the range of damper friction forces that influence the vehicle driveline vibration, a mathematical model of the driveline had been developed and simulated. Test and simulation results show that, within electric current used in the vehicle electric system, the solenoid can develop enough friction force that will surpass resonance in the driveline of 1.5 L Gasoline engine vehicle during acceleration.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.62-67
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• 1999

In milling, cutting tool ins directly attached to spindle and this tells that spindle can provide very useful information on the cutting tool condition such as wear or breakage. Since spindle is rotating at a high speed, measuring spindle velocity using a noncontacting measurement system gives the best information which can be obtained. Due to the force applied to spindle through cutting tool, velocity of spindle changes. And any change in cutting tool condition affects cutting force and consequently spindle vibration. With the intent of continuously monitoring cutting tool condition in intermittent machining operations in a benign manner, a noncontacting velocity measurement system using a laser Doppler velocimeter was assembled to measure spindle torsional vibration. Spindle vibration was measured and analysis of it in the frequency domain yielded a measure which corresponded to amount of cutting tool wear in milling.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

건물의 실제 편심은 일반적으로 계산된 값과 상당히 다르며, 정형 건물도 비틀림의 영향을 받는다. 질량분포의 비대칭성과 수직축에 대한 지반의 회전요소와 같은 요인들의 영향을 고려하고, 비틀림 비정형 건물의 취약성을 줄이기 위하여 내진설계규준에서는 우발편심과 비틀림 증폭계수를 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 정형건물의 다양한 형상비와 평면중심으로부터의 부재위치에 따른 비틀림 증폭계수의 영향 및 이 계수에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하였고 보통암 지반에 위치한 다양한 편심과 형상비를 갖는 비선형 철근콘크리트 단층모델을 이용하여 비틀림 증폭계수를 검증하였다. 비선형 정적해석과 시간이력해석을 이용하여 구한 연약단부의 최대 정적변위와 동적변위는 비교적 일치하였으나 최대 정적비틀림과 동적비틀림의 차이는 편심크기가 작을수록 크게 나타났다. 1차 설계편심에 비틀림 증폭계수 적용유.무에 따라 연약단부 부재의 밑면전단력 증가가 미비하여 최대 정적변위의 증가비가 크지 않다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2014

Objectives: This study compared the mechanical properties of various instruments for canal exploration and glide-path preparations. Materials and Methods: The buckling resistance, bending stiffness, ultimate torsional strength, and fracture angle under torsional load were compared for C+ file (CP, Dentsply Maillefer), M access K-file (MA, Dentsply Maillefer), Mani K-file (MN, Mani), and NiTiFlex K-file (NT, Dentsply Maillefer). The files of ISO size #15 and a shaft length of 25 mm were selected. For measuring buckling resistance (n = 10), the files were loaded in the axial direction of the shaft, and the maximum load was measured during the files' deflection. The files (n = 10) were fixed at 3 mm from the tip and then bent $45^{\circ}$ with respect to their long axis, while the bending force was recorded by a load cell. For measuring the torsional properties, the files (n = 10) were also fixed at 3 mm, and clockwise rotations (2 rpm) were applied to the files in a straight state. The torsional load and the distortion angle were recorded until the files succumbed to the torque. Results: The CP was shown to require the highest load to buckle and bend the files, and the NT showed the least. While MA and MN showed similar buckling resistances, MN showed higher bending stiffness than MA. The NT had the lowest bending stiffness and ultimate torsional strength (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The tested instruments showed different mechanical properties depending on the evaluated parameters. CP and NT files were revealed to be the stiffest and the most flexible instruments, respectively.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Torque fluctuation of an engine and angular velocity variation of a propeller shaft are the main excitation sources in a vehicle driveline. This paper presents the mechanism of these excitation sources. An equivalent model of the engine system and propeller shaft system is constructed to simulate the excitation phenomena. The analytical model contains the geometrical and dynamic mechanism. Combustion pressure of the cylinder is measured from dynamometer. The computer simulation is carried out by commercial program package. Results of the simulations show the characteristics of the torsional excitation source of the driveline.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 제5회 압출 및 인발가공 심포지엄
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• pp.23-32
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• 2002

The torsional forward extrusion is the process that is executed by punch travel and die rotation. The advantages of having the die rotation on this process are that forming load can be reduced and optimal die angle can be increased. This provides a possibility to extrude cold-worded material where a large extrusion force and die angle are required. Also, this process can improve the material properties owing to the high deformation and uniform strain distribution. The forming load and optimal die angle of this process are determined by the upper bound analysis using stream function and the optimization technique. To verify the theoretical result, we have carried out experiments and FE simulations using DEFORM3D.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2018

Most buildings feature core walls (and shear walls) that are placed eccentrically within the building to fulfil architectural requirements. Contemporary earthquake design standards require three dimensional (3D) dynamic analysis to be undertaken to analyse the imposed seismic actions on this type of buildings. A static method of analysis is always appealing to design practitioners because results from the analysis can always be evaluated independently by manual calculation techniques for quality control purposes. However, the equivalent static analysis method (also known as the lateral load method) which involves application of an equivalent static load at a certain distance from the center of mass of the buildings can generate results that contradict with results from dynamic analysis. In this paper the Generalised Force Method of analysis has been introduced for multi-storey buildings. Algebraic expressions have been derived to provide estimates for the edge displacement ratio taking into account the effects of dynamic torsional actions. The Generalised Force Method which is based on static principles has been shown to be able to make accurate estimates of torsional actions in seismic conditions. The method is illustrated by examples of two multi-storey buildings. Importantly, the black box syndrome of a 3D dynamic analysis of the building can be circumvented.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.323-340
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• 2008

In this paper, the along-wind, across-wind as well as torsional dynamic wind loads on three kinds of lattice tower models are investigated using the base balance technique in a boundary layer wind tunnel. The models were specially designed, and their fundamental frequencies in the directions of the three principal axes are still in the frequency range of the spectra of wind loads on lattice towers. In order to clear contaminations to the spectra of wind loads induced by model resonance, the generalized force spectra of the first mode of the models in along-wind, across-wind and torsional directions were derived based on measured base moments of the models. The RMS generalized force coefficients are also obtained by removing the contributions of model resonance. Finally, the characteristics of the 3-D dynamic wind loads, especially those of the across-wind dynamic loads, on the three kinds of lattice towers are presented and discussed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

The characteristics of amplitudes and power spectra of X axial, Y axial, and RZ axial (i.e., body axis) wind forces on a 492 m high-rise building with a section varying along height in typical wind directions are studied via a rigid model wind tunnel test of pressure measurement. Then the corresponding mathematical expressions of power spectra of X axial (across-wind), Y axial (along-wind) and torsional wind forces in $315^{\circ}$ wind directions are proposed. The investigation shows that the mathematical expressions of wind force spectra of the main structure in across-wind and torsional directions can be constructed by the superimposition of an modified wind spectrum function and a peak function caused by turbulent flow and vortex shedding, respectively. While that in along-wind direction can only be constructed by the former and is similar to wind spectrum. Moreover, the fitted parameters of the wind load spectra of each measurement level of altitude are summarized, and the unified parametric results are obtained. The comparisons of the first three order generalized force spectra show that the proposed mathematical expressions accord with the experimental results well.