• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.sup1
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• pp.99-102
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• 2016

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare disease, often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in children. We describe the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to Severance Hospital with a 1-month history of bilateral conjunctival injection. He was first evaluated by an Ophthalmologist in another hospital and diagnosed with panuveitis. Laboratory tests indicated renal failure, and a renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. An extensive exclusion of all possible causes allowed a diagnosis of TINU syndrome. The patient was treated with a systemic corticosteroid (initially prednisolone, 2 mg/kg and later deflazacort 1 mg/kg) and topical steroid drops for 1 month. Azathioprine was later added to the treatment regimen and the systemic steroid was slowly tapered. The final outcome of renal-ocular disease was favorable in the patient. However, long-term follow-up is necessary to properly manage frequent relapses and incomplete renal recovery. TINU should be considered as a differential diagnosis in children with uveitis or acute renal failure.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1997

Meanwhile Pityrosporum species as well as Candida species in yeast phase are not pathogenic, Pityrosporum in mycelial phase is pathogenic. Pityrosporum species can be isolated not only from tinea versicolor patients but also from ninety (90) percent of healthy persons. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ketoconazole against Pityrosporum spp. was 0.05~0.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ ml$^{-1}$and the MIC of ketoconazole was the lowest. Of itraconazole, selenium sulfide, sodium thiosulfate and ketoconazole had the lowest MIC against P. orbiculare. The P. orbiculare strains isolated from healthy persons were inhibited by lower MIC than those isolated from tinea versicolor patients. P. ovale strains were inhibited by lower MIC at MIC$_{50}$ and MIC$_{90}$ of oral and topical antifungal agents than p. orbiculare.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2007

Alstonia scholaris (Family: Apocynaceae) has been indicated for the treatment of various diseases, one among which is wound healing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wound healing effect and antioxidant role of Alstonia scholaris leaves in animal models. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS, AEAS respectively) were tested against excision, incision and dead space wound models to evaluate the wound healing activity. In excision wound model, treatment was continued till the complete healing of wound, in incision and dead space wound models, the treatment was continued for 10 days. For topical application, 5% w/w ointment of EEAS and AEAS were prepared in 2% sodium alginate. For oral administration, EEAS was suspended in distilled water using Tween 80 and AEAS was dissolved in distilled water. The wound healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline, collagen and histopathology of granulation tissue. Malondialdehyde level was also estimated to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation. AEAS and EEAS significantly promoted wound healing activity in all the wound models studied. Increase in the rate of wound contraction, skin breaking strength, granulation strength, dry granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline and collagen, decrease in the period for epithelialisation and increased collagenation in histopathological section were observed with EEAS and AEAS treated groups. EEAS and AEAS also significantly decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation. The present study is suggestive that EEAS and AEAS promote wound healing activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1991

In order to elucidate whether capsaicin applied topically acts as a pain-producing subastance or as a tastant, neuronal activities of the chorda tympani nerve(CN), lingual nerve(LN), solitary tract nucleus(STN), and trigeminal nucleus(TGN) were recorded while thermal and taste stimuli, and capsaicin were being applied topically, and algesics intra-arterially to the tongue of cats anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralsoe$. In addition, the STN neurons were examined after wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase(WGA-HRP) was applied to the CN. The CN fibers responded to taste and thermal stimuli, algesics, and capsaicin. Responses to capsaicin were significantly correlated with those to taste and thermal stimuli. The LN fibers mainly responded to mechanical and thermal stimuli, algesics, and capsaicin. Responses to capsaicin were significantly correlated with those to algesics. The STN neurons responded to taste and thermal stiumli, algesics, and capsaicin. Responses to capsaicin were significantly correlated with those to taste and thermal stiumli in somewhat different fashion from those of the CN fibers. The TGN neurons mainly responded to mechanical stimuli, algesics, and capsaicin. Correlations between responses to capsaicin and any others were not significant. After WGA-HRP was applied to the CN, the STN neurons which receive input from the CN were identified largely in the medio-ventral portion to the solitary tract. These results suggest that capsaicin produce taste as well as pain sensation. Sensory information evoked by capsaicin can be conveyed to the STN, especially medio-ventral portion, via the CN as gustatory information on the one hand, and to the STN or TGN via the LN as noxious information on the other. In addiation, the noxious information may be conveyed to the STN via the CN.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Production of weakly agglomerated nanopowders with the characteristic size of about 10 nm and a narrow particle size distribution is still a topical problem especially if the matter is an acceptable output (>50 g/hour), a high purity of the final product, and a low (energy consumption. The available experience and literature data show that the most promising approach to production of such powders is the evaporation-condensation method, which has a set of means for heating of the target. From this viewpoint the use of pulsed electron accelerators for production of nanopowders is preferable since they allow a relatively simple adjustment of the energy, the pulse length, and the pulse repetition rate. The use of a pulsed electron accelerator provides the following opportunities: a high-purity product; only the target and the working gas will interact and their purity can be controlled; evaporation products will be removed from the irradiation zone between pulses; as a result, the electron energy will be used more efficiently; adjustment of the particle size distribution and the characteristic size of particles by changing the pulse energy and the irradiated area. Considering the obtained results, we developed a design and made an installation for production of nanopowders, which is based on a hollow-cathode pulsed gas-filled diode. The use of a hollow-cathode gas-filled diode allows producing and utilizing an electron beam in a single chamber. The emission modulation in the hollow cathode will allow forming an electron beam 5 to 100 ms long. This will ensure an exact selection of the beam energy. By now we have completed the design work, manufactured units, equipped the installation, and began putting the installation into operation. A small amount of nanopowders has been produced.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.111-126
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• 1987

Methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymer (MMBM)-dibutyl phthalate (DBP) films were investigated as a potential topical drug delivery system for the controlled release of nitrofurazone. The kinetic analysis of release data indicated that drug release followed a diffusion-controlled granular matrix model, where the quantity released per unit area is proportional to the square root of time. DBP of several hydrophobic plasticizers selected was found to give the highest release of nitrofurazone. However, hydrophilic plasticizers such as propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400 had no controlled release properties and acceptable film formation. The effects of changes in film composition, drug concentration, film thickness, pH of release medium, and temperature on the in vitro release of nitrofurazone were analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The release rate constant (k') was found to be proportional to DBP content, pH, and the temperature of release medium, but independent of film thickness, and drug concentration in a range of 0.1-0.4% by weight. The linear relationship was found to exist between the log k' and DBP content. The release of nitrofurazone from MMBM-DBP (8:2) films was found to be an energy-linked process. Two energy terms were calculated ; the activation energy for matrix diffusion was 13.45 kcal/mole, and the heat of drug crystal solvation was 27.26-29.34 kcal/mole. Observation of scanning electron micrographs and microscopic photographs showed that the incorporation of DBP in films increased markedly the particle size of nitrofurazone dispersed in the film matrix, comparing with the fine dispersion of nitrofurazone in pure MMBM film alone.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2007

Purpose: Wound healing is a result of complex processes whose components, such as cells, extracellular matrix, proteolytic enzymes, and their inhibitors receive effects from immune compartments, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Impairment of normal physiologic response to wounding makes nonhealing chronic wounds. Wound infection and exacerbated proteolytic process may induce uncontrolled tissue degradation or exudates formation, which may result in the development of a nonhealing chronic wound. Thus proper management of wound infection and exudates is critical to prevent and treat nonhealing wound. The aim of this study is to evaluate effects of Aquacel AG, silver-containing carboxymethylcellulose dressing on treatment for exudative infected wound. Methods: The study included 31 patients with nonhealing wound. Wound was dressed with Aquacel AG. The effect of dressing was investigated by serial bacterial culture and wound exudates assessment. Each infection and exudates control time was determined and statistically analyzed. Results: Wound infection and exudates were effectively managed using Aquacel AG dressing. Mean infection and exudates control time were $3.4{\pm}1.2$ and $5.7{\pm}1.4$ weeks, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that infection control time correlated positively to age and exudates control time (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is as yet no ideal dressing for the topical treatment of chronic nonhealing wound. But silver-containing carboxymethylcellulose dressing can be used effectively for exudative, infected nonhealing wound.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-255
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• 2013

We present a case of a 57-year-old male patient who presented with squamous cell carcinoma on his mouth floor with cervical and mandibular metastases. Wide glossectomy with intergonial mandibular ostectomy, and sequential reconstruction using fibular osteomyocutaneous free flap were planned. When the anastomosis between the peroneal artery of the fibular free flap and the right lingual artery was performed, no venous flow was observed at the vena comitans. Then re-anastomosis followed by topical application of papaverine and lidocaine was attempted. However, the blood supply was not recovered. Warm saline irrigation over 30 minutes was also useless. Microvascular thromboses of donor vessels were clinically suspected, so a solution of 100,000 units of urokinase was infused once through a 26-gauge angiocatheter inserted into the recipient artery just at the arterial anastomotic site, until the solution gushed out through the flap vena comitans. Immediately after the application of urokinase, arterial flow and venous return were restored. There were no complications during the follow-up period of 11 months. We believe that vibrating injuries from the reciprocating saw during osteotomies and flap insetting might be the cause of microvascular thromboses. The use of urokinase may provide a viable option for the treatment of suspicious intraoperative arterial thrombosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.483-485
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• 2009

A 10-year-old, intact female Yorkshire terrier was presented with right side facial swelling for 3 days and periocular swelling had progressed over the last 24 hours. On physical examination, periocular and infraorbital swelling were observed around right maxillary region. Severe ocular discharge and protrusion of the 3rd eyelid were observed. The patient was diagnosed as periapical abscess around the root of right upper first molar based on the skull radiography. Affected tooth was extracted using closed technique. Systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic were administrated and topical corticosteroid/antibiotic combination was applied to the right eye six times a day for 10 days. Ten days after tooth extraction, clinical signs were disappeared completely.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2013

The purpose of the retrospectivestudy was to describe the clinical findings and treatment of intracorneal hemorrhage (ICH) in canine small breeds. The medical records of 6 dogs with ICH (January 2007 to November 2011) were examined to obtain the breed, age, gender, affected eye, cornea area, treatment, and follow-up. A total of 12 corneal areas in 8 eyes were identified in 6 dogs (4 Yorkshire terriers, 1 Poodle, and 1 Maltese). The mean age ${\pm}SD$ at the first presentation was $12.3{\pm}2.8$years, and 5 of 6 dogs were over 12 years old. ICH caused by corneal neovascularization was the most common in the nasal area of cornea (nasal 6/12, superior 4/12, and inferior 2/12) and recurred in different area of same or other cornea in 3 dogs. There were no concomitant corneal diseases at the initial presentation. All dogs affected were treated with combination of topical antibiotics and steroids and subconjuctival injection of steroids. The results showed that ICH can be treated with long-term medical therapies. In addition, further study would be needed to identify specific causes for the intracorneal hemorrhage.