• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04b
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• pp.653-660
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• 1998

Bond strength of reinforcing bar to high-performance concrete using belite cement is explored using beam end test specimen. The key parameters for the bond test are slump of concrete, top bar effect, and strength of concrete in addition to concrete covers. Specimen failed in the typical brittle bond failure splitting the concrete cover as the wedging action. The test results show that the specimens with belire cement concrete show higher bond strength than those with portland cement concrete. Bond strength of the top bar is less than bond strength of bottom bar, but the top bar factor satisfies the modification factor for top reinforcement. The results also show that the bond strength is function of the square root of concrete compressive strength and cover thickness. The recently developed high-strength and high-slump concrete with belite cement performs well in terms of bond strength to reinforcing steel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.408-415
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• 1997

Bond strength of reinforcing bar to high-performance concrete using Belite cement is explored using beam end test specimen. The key parameters for the bond test are slump of concrete, top bar effect, and strength of concrete in addition to concrete covers. Specimen failed in the typical brittle bond failure splitting the concrete cover as the wedging action. The test results show that for the group with portland cement I using superplasticizer additional slump does not decrease the bond strength of the top bar is less than bond strength of bottom bar, but the top bar factor satisfy the modification factor for top reinforcement. The result also show that bond strength is function of square root of concrete compressive strength and cover thickness. More detailed evaluation will be conducted from the test specimen with high strength concrete using the belite cement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.204-209
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• 1995

The influence of the interfacial properties on the bond capacity of reinforcing bars to concrete is studied in this paper. In this study, the deterioration of the interfacial bond capacity when top-cast bars or epoxy-coated bars are used is examined. The effect of such variables on bond capacity in reinforced concrete is studied by experiment which use beam-end specimens. The main objective of this study is that comparing the test results and the requirements in ACI 318-89 code. the verification of the factor in ACI code is also presented in this paper. The results of the test show that "top bar effect" is considerably affected by the slump of fresh concrete, so the influence of slump shoud be taken into account for top bar effect factor in code. Test results also shows that the bond-slip curve of the epoxy-caoted bars is similiar to that of the uncoated and bond strength is reduced about 15% and that coating thickness seems to influence the bond strength deterioration.rioration.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.169-178
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• 1998

Bond strength of reinforcing bar to high-perfomance concrete using belite cement is explored using beam end test specimens. The key parameters for the bond test are slump of concrete, top bar effect, and strength of concrete in addition to concrete cover. The test results show that the specimens with belite cement concrete show approximately 10% higer bond strength than those with portland cement concrete. The results also show that the bond strength from the high strength concrete is function of the square root of concrete compressive strength. Bond strength of the top bar is less than bond strength of bottom bar, but the ratios of the bond strength of bottom-cast bars to those for top-cast bars are much less than the modification factor for top reinforcement found in the ACI 318-95 code. Comparisons with other reported tests identified that belite cement increased bond strength while silica fume or flyash used in high strength concrete decreased bond strength. The high-strength and high-slump concrete with belite cement performs well in terms of bond strength to reinforcing steel.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.29-32
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• 2004

Fully depleted Silicon-on-Insulator (FD-SOI) devices lead to better electrical characteristics than bulk CMOS devices. However, the presence of a thin top silicon layer and a buried SiO2 layer causes self-heating due to the low thermal conductivity of the buried oxide. The electrical characteristics of FDSOI devices strongly depend on the path of heat dissipation. In this paper, we present a new three-dimensional (3-D) analysis technique for the self-heating effect of the finger-type and bar-type transistors. The 3-D analysis results show that the drain current of the finger-type transistor is 14.7% smaller than that of the bar-type transistor due to the 3-D self-heating effect. We have learned that the rate of current degradation increases significantly when the width of a transistor is smaller that a critical value in a finger-type layout. The current degradation fro the 3-D structures of the finger-type and bar-type transistors is investigated and the design issues are also discussed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.295-310
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• 2022

This paper proposes a modified bar simulation method for analyzing the shear lag effect of variable sectional box girder with multiple cells. This theoretical method formulates the equivalent area of stiffening bars and the allocation proportion of shear flows in webs, and re-derives the governing differential equations of bar simulation method. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by the model test and finite element (FE) analysis of a simply supported multi-cell box girder with constant depth. Subsequently, parametric analysis is conducted to explore the mechanism of shear lag effect of varied sectional cantilever box girder with multiple cells. Results show that the shear lag behavior of variable box-section cantilever box girder is weaker than that of box girder with constant section. It is recommended to make the gradient of shear flow in the web with respect to span length vary as smoothly as possible for eliminating the shear lag effect of box girder. An effective countermeasure for diminishing shear lag effect is to increase the number of box chambers or change the variation manner of bridge depth. The shear lag effect of varied sectional cantilever box girder will get more server when the length of central flanges is shorter than 0.26 or longer than 0.36 times of total width of top flange, as well as the cantilever length exceeds 0.29 times of total length of box's flange. Therefore, the distance between central webs can adjust the shear lag effect of box girder. Especially, the width ratio of cantilever plate with respect to total length of top flange is proposed to be no more 1/3.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.737-742
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• 1997

In this paper the effect of tie wire in lap spliced bars is investigated by experiment. The variables considered in the beam behaviors are beam dimension, lapped splice length and numbers of tie wire. 3 test pieces having the same variables consist one series and a total of 6 series ar tested. The test results show the beam behavior is not affected by numbers of tie wire but by the manner of tie. It was revealed hat the load bearing capacity of the beam is increased when the tie wire is extended to top bar.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2012

In this study, the combustion and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel was investigated. The fuel was injected from 5 CAD (Crank angle degree) ATDC (After top dead center) to -60 CAD ATDC by 5 CAD with 800 bar and 1600 bar injection pressure. Generally, the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions from biodiesel fuel were lower than the emission levels of diesel fuel. However, the emission characteristic of biodiesel got worse than diesel when the fuel was injected earlier than -30 CAD ATDC. $NO_x$ emission from biodeisel was higher than diesel fuel in all experimental conditions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.475-494
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• 2020

Presented are experimental results from 24 full-scale push test specimens to study the behaviour of composite beams with trapezoidal profiled sheeting laid transverse to the beam axis. The tests use a single-sided horizontal push test setup and are divided into two series. First series contained shear loading only and the second had normal load besides shear load. Four parameters are studied: the effect of wire mesh position and number of its layers, placing a reinforcing bar at the bottom flange of the deck, normal load and its position, and shear stud layout. The results indicate that positioning mesh on top of the deck flange or 30 mm from top of the concrete slab does not affect the stud's strength and ductility. Thus, existing industry practice of locating the mesh at a nominal cover from top of the concrete slab and Eurocode 4 requirement of placing mesh 30 mm below the stud's head are both acceptable. Double mesh layer resulted in 17% increase in stud strength for push tests with single stud per rib. Placing a T16 bar at the bottom of the deck rib did not affect shear stud behaviour. The normal load resulted in 40% and 23% increase in stud strength for single and double studs per rib. Use of studs only in the middle three ribs out of five increased the strength by 23% compared to the layout with studs in first four ribs. Eurocode 4 and Johnson and Yuan equations predicted well the stud strength for single stud/rib tests without normal load, with estimations within 10% of the characteristic experimental load. These equations highly under-estimated the stud capacity, by about 40-50%, for tests with normal load. AISC 360-16 generally over-estimated the stud capacity, except for single stud/rib push tests with normal load. Nellinger equations precisely predicted the stud resistance for push tests with normal load, with ratio of experimental over predicted load as 0.99 and coefficient of variation of about 8%. But, Nellinger method over-estimated the stud capacity by about 20% in push tests with single studs without normal load.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 1986

Knowledge of the degree of yield reduction due to water stress at different crop growth stages in rice production is important for rational scheduling of irrigation during periods of insufficient water supply. Previous studies to determine the degree of yield reduction duo to water stress suffered from interruptions by rain during experiment. Also the findings did rot relate the degree of water stress to the soil water potential and water deficit status of rice plants. In this study, two years experiments were conducted using the high yielding rice varieties, an Indica x Japonica (Nampoong) and a Japonica variety(Choochung). These were grown in 1/200$^{\circ}$ plastic pots placed under a rainfall autosensing, sliding clear plastic roof facility to control rainfall interruptions. The results obtained were as follows. 1.The two varieties differed in the growth stage most sensitive to water stress as well as the degree of yield reductions. When rice plants were stressed to the leaf rolling score 4 and soil water potential of about - 20 bar at major crop growth stages which included heading, booting, non-effective tillering, panicle initiation and early tillering stages, the yield reductions in the Indica x Japonica variety were 58%, 34%, 27%, 22%, and 21%, respectively, whereas in the Japonica vairety they were 23%, 36%, 1%, 13% and 22%, respectively. This result show that the recommended drainage during non-effective tillering is valid only for the Japonica variety. Sufficient irrigation at booting, heading and early tillering stages are necessary for both varieties. 2.The two varieties showed visible wilting symptoms when the soil water potential dropped to about - 3.0 bar. The Japonica variety showed more leaf rolling than the Indica X Japonica. However, it had a higher retention of leaf water content and greater stomatal diffusive resistance. When the soil water potential dropped, the Japonica variety showed leaf rolling score (LRS) 1 at 0 soil-5. 0 bar and LRS 2 at 0 soil -6.0 bar while the Indica X Japonica showed LRS 1 at 0 soil - 5.5 bar and LRS 2at 0 Soil - 9.0 bar. The stomatal diffusive resistance was maximum at the second top leaf blade in both varieties at intermediate water stress of 0 soil - 4.5 bar. 3.The number of days that was required for the soil water potential to drop to-3. 0 bar and to - 20.0 bar after drainage of irrigation water from the 20cm deep silty clay loam soil in the pots were 6 and 13 days, respectively for booting stage, and 7 and 11 days, respectively for heading stage, 9 and 12 days, respectively for panicle initiation stage, and 12 and 19 days, respectively for early tillering stage. 4.Water stress during the early tillering stage recorded the longest delay in beading time, the largest reduction in panicle numbers and a substantial yield decrease of 20%. This calls for better water management to ensure the availability of water at this stage, particularly during drought periods. In addition, a reexamination of the conventional inter-drainage practice during the non-effective tillering stage is necessary for the high yielding Indica X Japonica varieties.